Cultural Heritage Areas Research Articles

Spatial Differentiation of Intangible Cultural Heritage in South China and Its Influencing Factors

In recent years, a lot of work has been done in the protection and utilization of intangible cultural heritage in South China, while there are dilemmas such as the variation of inheritance content, the extinction of heritage, and the absence of inheritors, it is urgent to strengthen the protection of intangible cultural heritage with realistic reasons. This paper adopts human geography research methods, based on SPSS mathematical statistics, GIS spatial analysis, and econometric models, to analyze the spatial differentiation characteristics of 10 types of intangible cultural heritage in the region and their influencing factors based on 1,708 intangible cultural heritage data from various regions in South China, according to five regions, Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Hong Kong, and Macao. It was found that (1) the intangible cultural heritage in South China is distributed in clusters, with the Pearl River Delta in Guangdong and Guinan in Guangxi being the core areas of high-density intangible cultural heritage; (2) the characteristics of spatial differentiation of intangible cultural heritage in the region are influenced by a combination of factors, among which the pattern distribution is obviously influenced by cultural factors such as the distribution of ethnic minorities and the number of museums. Finally, from the perspective of revitalization, protection, and inheritance of intangible cultural heritage, the government should propose dialectical and integrated protection of intangible cultural heritage in South China while continuously enhancing its living and contemporary flavor.

Decoding Collective Action Dilemmas in Historical Precincts of Delhi

There is a growing understanding that cultural heritage needs to be understood as a “common good”, pivotal to the sustainable development of communities. Cultural goods create multiple value streams for stakeholder groups whose interests and objectives often collide, leading to governance failures. The management of cultural goods can be seen as a collective action problem arising from the interaction of numerous actors. In the first part, the article highlights the importance of analyzing cultural heritage sites and areas as common goods. Within this context, I highlight why collaborative processes of decision-making and planning are crucial for the sustainable conservation of heritage resources and tourism management. In the second section, the paper applies the Institutional Analysis and Development—Network of Adjacent Action Situations (IAD-NAAS) framework to explore collective action dilemmas at Nizamuddin Basti in New Delhi. Application of the framework allows one to explore interrelated governance dilemmas by understanding stakeholder dynamics within governance action situations with interdependent outcomes. The paper concludes with a suggestive framework for a cultural collaborative process keeping the cultural identity of residents as the focal point. While the IAD-NAAS framework is useful in diagnosing the contending interests and their consequences, the IAD framework could also be considered a starting point to define a framework for a collaborative process.

Interconnections and continuity among planning documents of Kota Lama Semarang development within the context of urban heritage conservation

PurposeUrban conservation is an integral part of urban development planning and it is incorporated into land use rules and plans. In order to achieve the goals of an ideal heritage conservation policy, there are spatial plans, building codes and relevant regulations that should be well prepared as reference for development projects. Kota Lama Semarang (Old City of Semarang) area has been recognized as part of the origin of the development of Semarang City, the capital city of Central Java. This area has been designated as a cultural heritage area both at the city and national level since 2020. The Heritage City Conservation Program (P3KP) encourages Kota Lama Semarang Area to experience fairly massive development since 2013. On one hand, to control and manage the area, the Semarang City Government issued several official planning documents, i.e. (a) Kota Lama Semarang Area RTBL documents (2003); (b) Kota Lama Semarang Grand Design (2011); and (c) Kota Lama Semarang Site RTBL (2020), which consecutively were used as references of development projects. On the other hand, the results of development projects indicated that there are no coherent physical improvements in the area. The study was conducted to show whether there are consistencies or mismatches between the three planning documents.Design/methodology/approachThis study used a qualitative deductive method with content analysis technique to compare three planning documents, using the predetermined variables.FindingsThe results showed that the consistency between the three planning documents was not fully demonstrated, but they are mutually interconnected.Research limitations/implicationsThe research focused only on three formal planning documents, for which comparative analysis was undertaken using content analysis to identify consistencies and inconsistencies based on determined 9 variables.Practical implicationsGood planning documents should be consistent, since they are used as development references. Inconsistencies among planning documents produced segmented urban environments in Kota Lama Semarang Area/Site, which are mostly due to the different institutions preparing the documents.Social implicationsThe segmented urban development in the area has reduced the historical and cultural values of the area. Revitalization program that was undertaken has some implication to the sustainability of the local economy.Originality/valueThe paper explores both the consistencies and mismatches among the three planning documents, which have been used as references in implementing development projects in Kota Lama Semarang Area. Failures in maintaining consistencies among documents are supposed to produce inconsistent physical development in the area, unless adjustment to current development has to be made.

Implementation of Smart City Concept for Sustainable Development in Semarang Old Town Area

The Old Town Area of Semarang has become a ’Pilot Project’ for developing the smart city concept in Semarang. On the other hand, this area is a cultural heritage area, so the implementation of the smart city concept should be able to support the preservation of buildings and the history of the area. The Covid-19 pandemic has affected the implementation of smart cities, considering that activities in the Old Town Area have decreased drastically. This study aims to identify the application of the smart city concept in the Old Town Area of Semarang. The study conducted was in 2020, when the Covid-19 pandemic was still occurring in the community.The study’s initial stage was compiling the dimensions and indicators of smart cities as study variables and exploring smart city regulations in Semarang. In the second stage, to obtain information on the implementation of a smart city in the Old Town Area of Semarang, we conducted interviews with stakeholders from the government, cultural heritage activists, and communities related to the Old Town Area, and building occupants. As a result, we collected information regarding the implementation of smart city before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. The content analysis processed the result of the interview. Meanwhile, we used descriptive analysis techniques to study the dimensions and indicators and smart city regulations in Semarang. From the study results, the implementation of smart city in the Old Town of Semarang was organized into categories: appropriate, still not suitable and not suitable. The dimension of smart city that has appropriate is Smart Living. The dimensions that are still not suitable are Smart Governance, Smart Environment, Smart Economy and Smart Mobility. Meanwhile, the dimension that has not suitable is Smart People. Based on the six dimensions of smart city, there are 25 indicators, and the study results state that only 18 indicators are appropriate.

Typomorfology of building mass and lingkage in Malioboro, Yogyakarta

The Malioboro area of Yogyakarta is one of the main tourist destinations in Yogyakarta, which has the potential for the rapid development of regional structural patterns. Its strategic location in the city center and the presence of historic buildings and first-class shopping centers in the area attract tourists and investors to build in the Malioboro area. On the other hand, Malioboro Street is the philosophical axis of Yogyakarta City which has also been designated as a Cultural Conservation Area. The pattern of regional structure development based on building mass and linkage in this area is the focus of this research. Changes in the Typology of this area were analyzed using a comparative method by comparing data on patterns of building mass and linkage from different 4-year periods. This study aims to find out how the pattern of changes in the typology of buildings in the Malioboro area and its influence on the role of the Malioboro area as a cultural heritage area. Based on the results of the study, it is known that the Typology of building mass and form changes in the Malioboro area there are five types, namely the gradual addition of building mass, the sudden addition, the reduction in building mass (total loss) and the change in the shape of the building without changing the building mass. Meanwhile, from the linkage typology, there is no change in the road network pattern from the 4 study year periods. Changes in building typology in the Malioboro area tend to be close to the Beringharjo market, while there is no change in building typology for the Agung building. However, near another historical building, namely the Vredeburg fort, there are indications of an additional building mass on the east side of the building. Its also that changes in the typology of buildings in this area are influenced by the location of the building on the road class .This needs to be considered so that policy references or directions can be given to control developments in cultural heritage areas. Keywords: Building mass, linkage, malioboro, typology, transformation, urban

A Pedagogical Ministry for the Cultural Heritage of the Church in the University of Santo Tomas

The paper is a narration of the University of Santo Tomas’s response to the call of the Church to form most especially the clergy in the area of cultural heritage. As part of her response, the University has established special subjects in the Ecclesiastical Faculties, a Master’s program in Cultural Heritage Studies at the Graduate School, the CCCPET – Center for Conservation of Cultural Property and Environment in the Tropics, and continuous upgrading and development of the UST Museum. All of them have the same end in view, that is, for the formation of the Christian community and Evangelization that started in this country 500 years ago.

The Effectivity of Revitalization of Sarinah Building with The New Functions as De Braga by Artotel Hotel

Braga street known as the old town historical area with colonial building style in Bandung. Braga was an abandon area with poor environment and historical degradation a cause for concern. Many buildings unused and most of this change its functions not as expected that increase the negative perception for Braga area. The effort have been made by the Government and concerned community organizations to restore the existence of the Braga area, accompaned with the legal of cultural heritage area. The Braga area began to be revitalized, in colaborate with many participant including the private sector. One of the revitalized is Sarinah Braga Building. The building was previously a bustling fashion store in the 1970s until finally closed in 1990, was abandoned for more than 10 (ten) years, and has been converted into a boutique hotel with an Art Deco concept. Hotel de Braga consisting of 2 (two) masses, the podium mass which is the ground floor to the 3rd floor, and the tower area 4th to 14th floor. As an adaptation of the regulations, the front building is maintained, with the 'sarinah' sign still being left attached to the wall. Using the mixed methods research, this research performed by analyzing phenomena, conducting observations, interviews, and documentation. From the results of the study, it has found that the physical aspect of the revitalization of the Sarinah building with the new function of Hotel de Braga has met the requirements and achieved a satisfactory level of success. In social, economic, and institutional aspects, the results are still things that need to be improved in terms of empowering the surrounding community, green planning, and the regulation that related of both in the Braga area.

Implementasi Transfer Learning Pada Algoritma Convolutional Neural Network untuk Mengklasifikasikan Image Objek Wisata

This study classifies the image of a tourist attraction with 9 labels sky, tree, mountain, water, street, temple, garden, stone and ricefield. The results of multi-label labeling can be used to see the frequency and recommendations of tourist attractions in Central Java, and build a transfer learning model to determine the accuracy value. Classification with multi-label images has its own complexity in the labeling process and few people use it. Testing and evaluating the model uses the equation of accuracy and f-1 score. Several previous researchers also stated that the higher the amount of training data and the number of epochs per step, the higher the accuracy produced. Based on the results of training and evaluation of the four training processes, that 210 data using bs 8, lr 1e-3 and epoch 50 showed an accuracy of 0.8598 with a loss of 0.3245, while 290 data with bs 16, lr 1e-3 and epoch 50 showed an accuracy of 0.8685. with a loss of 0.2903. Then 594 data with bs 32, lr 1e-3 and epoch 50 showed an accuracy of 0.8852 with a loss of 0.2756, and 1000 data with bs 46, lr 1e-3 and epoch 50 showed an accuracy of 0.8833 with a loss of 0.2863. This can answer the statement that the greater the number of datas, the higher the accuracy produced, so that the transfer learning model on the ResNet-50 architecture with multi-label image datas can be applied by showing accuracy results close to the accuracy value on ResNet-50 in the imagenet project. In addition, the contribution of this research is to provide recommendations for potential tourist objects in Central Java, namely tourism objects with the theme of nature, then tourism processed by human hands such as historical places, cultural heritage and family recreation areas.

The Quality of Pedestrian Based on Pedestrian Environment Quality Index (PEQI) Standards in the Cultural Heritage Area of Tunjungan Street Surabaya

Tunjungan Street is one of the historical tourist destinations and one of the Cultural Conservation Areas in Surabaya. The use of pedestrian in Tunjungan Street is classified as high because it is a downtown area with various activities and its use as a pathway to access Cultural Conservation buildings. Many visitors use the pedestrian as an area to enjoy the Cultural Conservation building while walking along Jalan Tunjungan or as a photo point with the Cultural Heritage building in the background. This study aims to analyze the quality of pedestrian to determine the feasibility of infrastructure and pedestrians so that they can be an indicator of the completeness of pedestrian facilities in the Tunjungan Street Cultural Heritage Area. In this study, the problems that exist in the existing condition of the pedestrian path are investigated and studied regarding the quality of the pedestrian. The method used in this study was a quantitative method by assessing the quality of the pedestrian and scoring based on the Pedestrian Environmental Quality Index (PEQI) standard on both pedestrian sections of Jalan Tunjungan. This study indicates that the pedestrian in the Cultural Heritage Area of Jalan Tunjungan Surabaya meets the basic quality according to the calculation of the PEQI index with a total score of 60.77. This means that the pedestrian in the Cultural Heritage Area of Jalan Tunjungan Surabaya is suitable for use as a pedestrian that pays attention to the safety of road users for all. However, improving the quality of the pedestrian path to a reasonable rate will be better so that visitors can enjoy the pedestrian path facilities more appropriately and become the main attraction for visitors and become the pride of the people around the Cultural Conservation Area.

Regulatory Policy Model for Ecotourism-Based Heritage Tourism Development in the Old Banten Region

The purpose of the research is how is the Regulatory Policy Model for the development of ecotourism-based heritage tourism in the Old Banten Tourism Area? and what is the role of the Government, tourism managers and tourism actors in the development of ecotourism-based heritage tourism in the Old Banten Tourism area?. This research method is using empirical juridical method, which is a research method that uses a juridical approach by analyzing primary data in the form of interviews and questionnaires in the field and secondary data originating from primary legal materials, namely the 1945 Constitution, laws and other regulations in legal studies. . The results of the study are Based on the Decree of the Governor of Banten No. 437/Kep.160-Huk/2018 concerning the Determination of Zoning of the Cultural Heritage Area of the Sultanate of Banten (Banten Lama), based on this decision the model for the development of heritage tourism development based on ecotourism in the Old Banten area refers to the provisions of the Conservation Law. Culture. Based on Article 73 paragraph (3) of Law N0.11 of 2010 concerning Cultural Conservation, the use of cultural heritage areas as tourism areas must pay attention to efforts to protect cultural heritage areas, therefore utilization for tourism must pay attention to the zoning principle so that sustainable tourism goals are achieved

Musical Heritage as a Means of Sustainable Development: Perceptions in Students Studying for a Degree in Primary Education

Education is an essential vehicle for valuing cultural legacy, and musical heritage is a part of that cultural legacy that we must protect as it is one of the main areas of intangible cultural heritage, a reflection of cultural diversity, and a conveyor of meaning, and social, cultural, and economic values contributing to sustainable development. The purpose of this study, therefore, is to evaluate the perception students studying for the Degree in Primary Education at the University of Zaragoza and the Autonomous University of Madrid have of the value, significance, and importance of the sustainability of musical cultural heritage. This non-experimental and descriptive research is based on the statistical descriptive method, with a sample of n = 202 preservice teachers. A questionnaire consisting of fifteen items was designed and validated as a data collection instrument. The data analysis shows differences in the analyzed categories and points to the need to take action to solve them. It also reveals the importance students attach to musical cultural heritage, to including it in the curricula of the various educational stages, and to the need to protect it as an essential requirement for sustainable development.

Noninvasive Sonic Tomography for Detecting Internal Defects in Old, Large Oriental White Oak in Cultural Heritage Areas

Incidence rates of tree damage are increasing because of the increased intensity and frequency of abnormal climate events such as strong winds and heavy rains. Structural defects inside trees are difficult to detect by visual inspection; therefore, it is difficult to respond to them in advance based on prediction. Noninvasive sonic tomography (SoT) is a method that estimates internal defects while minimizing physical damage to trees; however, its accuracy differs depending on the species. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to compare the performance of noninvasive SoT and invasive resistance micro-drilling (RM) in detecting tree damage in oriental white oak (Quercus aliena Blume) distributed in East Asia and performed wood section analysis to verify the accuracy of noninvasive SoT. Linear regression analysis showed that defects in tomograms tended to increase with an increase in the number of defects in the RM profile, but the value of R2 was 0.405, which is lower than that of other tree species. The results from the wood section analysis and SoT were compared; the SoT tomograms appropriately reflected the location and size of the defects with a tendency to overestimate the defects when cracks were present, while the electric resistance tomography was effective for detecting incipient decay.

REUSING “XIA BO” KILN FURNITURE WASTE FROM THE CERAMIC INDUSTRY AS A BUILDING MATERIAL AND ANALYZING ITS EFFECT ON THE INDOOR THERMAL ENVIRONMENT

ABSTRACT “Xia Bo” is a type of kiln furniture for ceramic production that becomes solid waste after damage during the firing process. However, it has traditionally been reused as a building material in China’s kiln-producing areas. With technological changes in kilns in recent years, Xia Bo is no longer necessary as kiln furniture for firing ceramics. However, as a low-tech and ecologically friendly construction material, it is overlooked as a suitable material. Traditional Xia Bo wall buildings are increasingly being left unused or even destroyed. This study examined the town of Pengcheng in the Cizhou kiln cultural heritage area. The main features and shapes of Xia Bo used in existing buildings were analyzed, and the typical application mode and construction technology for the “horizontal placement method” and the “vertical placement method” of the Xia Bo used in building walls were summarized. The thermal insulation performance of different types of Xia Bo wall was also examined, especially their thermal performance was compared with that of traditional brick wall buildings in indoor thermal environments. This study emphasizes and recognizes the ecological and economic value of reusing ceramic industrial waste as building materials to ensure that this technology can be protected and adopted in contemporary architecture.

REVITALIZATION OF THE BANUA HALAT SACRED MOSQUE

The area Banua Halat Sacred Mosque in Tapin Regency, which has degraded its environment due to inadequate facilities and infrastructure services, and does not have a forum for development and introduction to religious and cultural history, it is feared that cultural heritage will be damaged, couple with the case of the COVID-19 pandemic which hampers activities. Baayun Maulid Nabi Muhammad, which is held every 12 rabiul awal every year, reduces the existence of areas. With the development of cultural heritage that elevates historical and cultural values, it will have an impact on the environment and the surrounding community. The revitalization of the mosque area is carried out with the aim of rediscovering the potential that has or was owned or should have been owned by the sacred Banua Halat mosque. Trough the method of forming the area through the concept of God to express directly the relationship between religion and culture produces clarity of form and space, shape, and order by increasing the vitality of the area through service network facilities and infrastructure, as well as developing the value of the location of the cultural heritage area. 
 Keywords: Banua Halat Sacred Mosque, Cultural Conservation, Devine Rantau, Revitalization.

Motion Graphic Media Informasi Wisata Kompleks Percandian Muara Jambi

Muara Jambi Temple Complex (KPMJ) is a national cultural heritage area located in Muaro Jambi Regency, Maro Sebo District. This KPMJ has a Buddhist pattern. With an area of ​​17.5 KM2 which stretches 7 KM along the Batanghari River near the East Coast of Jambi. KPMJ has nine main temple buildings, and various types of collections that are closely related to historical, cultural and religious values. In order to support the existence of KPMJ as a regional and national tourism potential, promotional media as well as digital-based information media (motion graphics) are needed so that they are able to attract and increase public enthusiasm for traveling to KPMJ. At the same time being able to contribute knowledge and educate the public to care for and maintain and preserve cultural heritage. The theories used in the creation of this motion graphic are color theory, motion graphic theory, narration, communication, typography, and cultural heritage tourism theory. The method used by the designer in creating this motion graphic is 4D (define, design, develop, and disseminate). The target audience in this design is teenagers to early adulthood. The supporting media are posters, brochures, stickers, mugs, key chains, entrance tickets, id-cards, t-shirts, hats and umbrellas.

Heritage Smart City Mapping, Planning and Land Administration (Hestya)

A smart city is a concept of urban development that requires different technologies to integrate all city elements into a sustainable city system. Land administration, including three-dimensional (3D) cadaster and planning, is a pre-condition for having a smart city. Land administration in the smart city will be more attractive when the city has a cultural heritage area that must be preserved for economic, social, and territory benefits. This paper describes the development of a multipurpose land administration system prototype of a city, especially in the cultural heritage area. The first activity of this development is to create a 3D city map for documentation and management of cities, especially for cultural heritage areas, and involve the role of the community in participatory mapping. The participatory mapping method is used to form a more detailed 3D building model using simple techniques for measuring the room distance on a building. Then, the 3D city model is stored in a spatial database and management system to visualize, analyze, and manage the data. This research uses the complex area of Kasepuhan Palace, Cirebon City, West Java, Indonesia, as a case study. That area is a cultural heritage area with complicated objects and unique information to document.

The role of the Paguyuban Masyarakat Peduli Hutan (PMPH) community as a form of disaster management in the highlands of Kudus Regency

This article discussed the role of the Paguyuban Masyarakat Peduli Hutan (PMPH) community as a form of disaster management in the highlands of Kudus Regency. The purpose of this article was to analyze nature conservation activities as a form of disaster management which carried out by the Paguyuban Masyarakat Peduli Hutan (PMPH) community in Rahtawu Village, Gebog District, Kudus Regency. The focus of the study was to reveal the role of the PMPH community by using the phenomenological paradigm as a form of disaster management. The results of this paper found that Gebog District is one of the districts that was included in the landslide-prone area. Among the villages that are prone to landslides are Rahtawu Village, Colo Village, Menawan Village, Kedungsari Village, and Jurang Village. Rahtawu village was located in the highlands with an altitude of ± 1,627 m above sea level. This village physically had an undulating topography and was located in an area where the rainfall was quite high, namely 2,500-3,000 mm/year, with an average daily temperature of 290C. Rahtawu village in terms of morphology was an area located in the zone of moderate to high ground movement vulnerability. This village was also a protected area for the area below, because it was located in the upstream area of the Gelis sub-watershed and made Rahtawu Village a water catchment area that fills the Kudus groundwater basin. Rahtawu Village was designated as a protected forest area, community forest area, land movement prone area, cultural heritage area, local protected area around springs, and groundwater absorption area., Paguyuban Masyarakat Peduli Hutan (PMPH) Community in Kudus Regency has carried out several activities (living Qur’an) which are actually Qur’anic values regarding human duty to protect and preserve the universe in order to bring benefits to the people.

한국어 문화 교육 요목별 교육 방법에 대한 외국인 학습자와 한국어 교사의 인식 비교 연구

The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze the perceptions of foreign learners and Korean language teachers on Korean culture education methods. The results derived through this seem to be meaningful in that basic data on Korean culture education can be obtained in the future. To justify this purpose, an online survey was conducted on 130 foreign learners and 28 Korean language teachers on their preferred learning methods for 12 major categories of Korean culture education published by the National Institute of Korean Language. As a result of the survey, two areas of history and science that foreign learners responded with insufficient learning experience were excluded. And among the remaining 10 areas, values, politics, economy, education, and society were the areas where learning methods generally coincide between learners and teachers. On the other hand, there were differences in life, customs, geography, art, and cultural heritage areas. These differences need to be actively reflected in the design of Korean culture education in the future.

Novel Model Based on Artificial Neural Networks to Predict Short-Term Temperature Evolution in Museum Environment.

The environmental microclimatic characteristics are often subject to fluctuations of considerable importance, which can cause irreparable damage to art works. We explored the applicability of Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques to the Cultural Heritage area, with the aim of predicting short-term microclimatic values based on data collected at Rosenborg Castle (Copenhagen), housing the Royal Danish Collection. Specifically, this study applied the NAR (Nonlinear Autoregressive) and NARX (Nonlinear Autoregressive with Exogenous) models to the Rosenborg microclimate time series. Even if the two models were applied to small datasets, they have shown a good adaptive capacity predicting short-time future values. This work explores the use of AI in very short forecasting of microclimate variables in museums as a potential tool for decision-support systems to limit the climate-induced damages of artworks within the scope of their preventive conservation. The proposed model could be a useful support tool for the management of the museums.

Peningkatan Partisipasi Relawan dan Pelaku Pariwisata dalam Pengelolaan Risiko Bencana di Kompleks Candi Borobudur

Disaster Risk Management Plan in cultural heritage areas such as the Borobudur Temple Complex, should be the joint responsibility of all stakeholders. In fact, disaster management at the Borobudur Temple Complex, especially the preservation of the site against disasters, is only the responsibility of the Borobudur Conservation Center. Therefore, in September-November 2021 through the research activities funded by UNESCO, UAJY and BKB have formulated a draft Disaster Risk Management Plan in the form of the borobudur-drr.id digital platform. However, due to the limited implementation time, this platform has not been fully socialized by all stakeholders. Based on the stakeholder meeting, it is known that there are differences in understanding among stakeholders in understanding the comprehensive approach contained in the Disaster Risk Management Plan Action Plan for the Borobudur Temple Complex. The diversity of educational backgrounds, experiences and exposure of stakeholders to disasters and their management requires a forum for equalizing perceptions that supports the synergy of stakeholders in supporting, supervising and implementing the action plans that have been prepared. Conservationists, volunteers and tourism actors are three of the fifty-three stakeholders that have been mapped in the Borobudur Temple Compounds Disaster Risk Management Plan, which has a vital role in realizing the action plan in the Borobudur Temple Area.