Exploration Area Research Articles

Fractal dimension and its implication to mineral exploration: a case study from the Jonnagiri and Gadag gold deposits in India

Fractal dimensions characterize the spatial distribution pattern of mineral deposits, allowing the mineralization processes beneath and at the surface to be understood. This study considered a mineralized vein along the fracture/shear zone near the Dona Temple in the Jonnagiri gold deposit and borehole data from the Sangli Block in the Gadag gold deposit. The above-mentioned zones were considered using fractal dimensional analysis to constrain the fluid-flow pathways. The box-counting technique was used to measure the fractal dimension of the mineralized vein along the surface from a detailed to a regional scale. The fractal correlation integral method was used to provide the fractal dimension values from the gold assay (in g t −1 ). The box-counting fractal dimension values obtained varied from 1.07 to 1.36, whilst the fractal dimensions obtained from the fractal correlation integral method ranged from 0.03 to 1.97. Higher fractal values signify a fully matured interlinked fracture/fault network with steep fluid-flow pathways, while lower values indicate the converse condition. Further, the study showed that the fractal analysis of the mineralized vein along the fracture/shear zone appeared to correlate with the fault system rather than with the litho-contact. Economic gold deposition occurs mainly along a structure with a steep fractal gradient, which is the target area for economic gold exploration.

CGJO: a novel complex-valued encoding golden jackal optimization

Golden jackal optimization (GJO) is inspired by mundane characteristics and collaborative hunting behaviour, which mimics foraging, trespassing and encompassing, and capturing prey to refresh a jackal’s position. However, the GJO has several limitations, such as a slow convergence rate, low computational accuracy, premature convergence, poor solution efficiency, and weak exploration and exploitation. To enhance the global detection ability and solution accuracy, this paper proposes a novel complex-valued encoding golden jackal optimization (CGJO) to achieve function optimization and engineering design. The complex-valued encoding strategy deploys a dual-diploid organization to encode the real and imaginary portions of the golden jackal and converts the dual-dimensional encoding region to the single-dimensional manifestation region, which increases population diversity, restricts search stagnation, expands the exploration area, promotes information exchange, fosters collaboration efficiency and improves convergence accuracy. CGJO not only exhibits strong adaptability and robustness to achieve supplementary advantages and enhance optimization efficiency but also balances global exploration and local exploitation to promote computational precision and determine the best solution. The CEC 2022 test suite and six real-world engineering designs are utilized to evaluate the effectiveness and feasibility of CGJO. CGJO is compared with three categories of existing optimization algorithms: (1) WO, HO, NRBO and BKA are recently published algorithms; (2) SCSO, GJO, RGJO and SGJO are highly cited algorithms; and (3) L-SHADE, LSHADE-EpsSin and CMA-ES are highly performing algorithms. The experimental results reveal that the effectiveness and feasibility of CGJO are superior to those of other algorithms. The CGJO has strong superiority and reliability to achieve a quicker convergence rate, greater computation precision, and greater stability and robustness.

Tibial tubercle osteotomy (TTO): A review of impactful papers in the literature

BackgroundTibial tubercle osteotomy (TTO) is a procedure that can be used as an alternative to total knee arthroplasty (TKA) or to address patellar instability in patients experiencing dislocation events. The purpose of this paper is to systematically evaluate the most cited articles pertaining to TTO through bibliometric analysis. MethodsA search using the Web of Science database with keywords pertaining to TTO was conducted in April 2024. Articles with the most citations that met all inclusion criteria were analyzed to determine information such as level of evidence (LoE), article topic, journal of publication, year published, country of origin, and institution of origin. ResultsThe average number of citations was 79 (range of 42–334). The decade with the most publications was from 2010 to 2019 (n = 26; 52%). Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research was the journal with the largest number of published articles (n = 9, 18%). The United States (US) (n = 25; 50%) and France (n = 4; 8%) were the two countries with the most publications. Mayo Clinic (n = 3, 6 %), Ohio State University (n = 3, 6%), and Rush University (n = 3, 6%) were the institutions contributing the most articles. The LoE most reported was level 4 (n = 22; 44%). Topics were primarily related to clinical outcomes (n = 38; 76%). ConclusionThis analysis revealed that most articles were related to clinical outcomes and have been published since 2000. By analyzing the characteristics of the most cited articles, an understanding of current research and identification of areas for further exploration can be determined for TTO. Study DesignCross-sectional study. Level of EvidenceIII.

Deep learning applications for quantitative and qualitative PET in PET/MR: technical and clinical unmet needs.

We aim to provide an overview of technical and clinical unmet needs in deep learning (DL) applications for quantitative and qualitative PET in PET/MR, with a focus on attenuation correction, image enhancement, motion correction, kinetic modeling, and simulated data generation. (1) DL-based attenuation correction (DLAC) remains an area of limited exploration for pediatric whole-body PET/MR and lung-specific DLAC due to data shortages and technical limitations. (2) DL-based image enhancement approximating MR-guided regularized reconstruction with a high-resolution MR prior has shown promise in enhancing PET image quality. However, its clinical value has not been thoroughly evaluated across various radiotracers, and applications outside the head may pose challenges due to motion artifacts. (3) Robust training for DL-based motion correction requires pairs of motion-corrupted and motion-corrected PET/MR data. However, these pairs are rare. (4) DL-based approaches can address the limitations of dynamic PET, such as long scan durations that may cause patient discomfort and motion, providing new research opportunities. (5) Monte-Carlo simulations using anthropomorphic digital phantoms can provide extensive datasets to address the shortage of clinical data. This summary of technical/clinical challenges and potential solutions may provide research opportunities for the research community towards the clinical translation of DL solutions.

A systematic review of the Narrative Policy Framework: a future research agenda

The Narrative Policy Framework (NPF) has become instrumental in understanding how policy narratives impact public policy processes. This article presents a systematic analysis of the historical development of NPF research, drawing on a review of 189 NPF articles to investigate its evolution. The findings are presented across five temporal stages, examining the use of the NPF’s theoretical elements. The analysis indicates a consistent focus on the core theoretical components, demonstrating the framework’s robustness. Additionally, the article examines whether the NPF’s ambition to bridge positivist and interpretivist approaches has been achieved. The proposed future research agenda highlights areas for further exploration. First, researchers are encouraged to combine the NPF with interpretivist approaches in policy narrative research. Second, our findings show a need for more in-depth analyses of specific narrative components, such as narrative characters, to gain deeper insights into their effects on policy processes. Third, there is a clear need to investigate whether and how practitioners are using NPF research to inform their communication strategies. This systematic analysis highlights patterns and trends in the literature, identifies gaps and proposes future avenues for empirical applications and theory development. Thus, this article offers new insights into the NPF, contributing to existing knowledge in the field.

Origin of porosity in evaporite platform dolostone in the middle Cambrian Shaelek Formation, NW Tarim Basin, China: constraints from petrology, mineralogy and geochemistry

The extensive middle Cambrian evaporite platform dolostone represents a significant area for hydrocarbon exploration in the Tarim Basin with recent advances indicating promising exploration prospects. However, owing to its considerable depth and the limited exploration, the genesis and distribution of evaporite-related dolostone reservoirs from the middle Cambrian remain poorly understood. This study includes detailed field investigations along with petrological, mineralogical and geochemical analyses to characterise the secondary porosity of the middle Cambrian Shaelek Formation evaporite platform dolostone and to explore the origin of the diagenetic fluids responsible for these features. The results show that gypsum dissolution vugs are the main secondary porosity in the evaporite platform dolostone reservoirs, with their development and distribution strongly controlled by sedimentary facies. Meteoric dissolution during the penecontemporaneous period is responsible for this secondary porosity. The frequent fluctuation in sea-levels and the transient exposure of the dolostone reservoirs provide favourable conditions for the dissolution of unstable gypsum. The multiple stages of calcite filling in the vugs result from supersaturated precipitation from fluids during the late stage of meteoric diagenesis. Variations in δ13C, δ18O and rare earth element compositions between the two types of calcite reflect different stages of fluid evolution and varying degrees of water–rock reaction. The vug-filling fluorite is of non-hydrothermal genesis but results from the highly evaporative concentrated seawater and terrigenous input. The highly concentrated F– in evaporative seawater, combined with F– from fluvial input (if any) during subaerial exposure, most likely provides the F– necessary for fluorite precipitation. A model of reservoir formation and evolution has been established that will be beneficial for hydrocarbon exploration and prediction of the deeply buried Cambrian evaporite platform dolostone reservoir.

Systematic Literature Review and Bibliometric Analysis Seafarer Supply and Demand

This study conducts a systematic assessment of the literature and does a bibliometric analysis to investigate the fluctuations in the availability and need for seafarers in the marine sector. The study examines a diverse selection of publications from several subfields within the seafarer workforce domain, analysing significant patterns, difficulties, and opportunities for enhancement. The study provides insights into the scholarly landscape of seafarer workforce research by analyzing highly cited articles, prolific authors, and influential journals. The findings highlight the significant impact of technological advancements, demographic shifts, regulatory changes, and economic factors on seafarer supply and demand dynamics. The systematic review and bibliometric analysis offer valuable information for policymakers, industry stakeholders, researchers, and academicians seeking to understand and address the complexities of the seafarer workforce. The initial review of articles obtained from the pilot search informed the formulation of research questions to understand the current state, trends, impactful studies, influential authors, and areas for future exploration within the seafarer workforce literature. Keywords related to seafarers and workforce were identified and refined through a three-step process to create an optimal set of search terms. This systematic literature review has provided valuable insights into various aspects of the seafarer workforce, including trends, challenges, and potential areas for future research. By employing a rigorous methodology and analyzing relevant literature, this study contributes to the ongoing discourse on seafarer supply and demand dynamics, offering a foundation for informed decision-making and further exploration in this field.

Utilizing traditional knowledge and creatively repurposing mining waste to develop new sustainable products geared toward eco-friendly construction

Mining is a very important activity for civil engineering. Important aggregates are removed from this for civil construction, bridges and roads, development of construction materials and several other applications. However, this activity has negatively impacted both the exploration areas and their surroundings. Associated with this environmental concern, it is possible to enter the context of real estate paints, which emit considerable amounts of volatile organic compounds that harm the atmosphere and the health of workers and users, in addition to reducing the air quality of the environment in which they are located was applied. Furthermore, with technological advances, industrial paints with synthetic pigments began to replace natural products, causing environmental pollution. The volatile organic compounds generated by real estate paints have resulted in health problems for the population. The literature has reported a growing search for renewable paint products, such as environmentally friendly paints and other environmentally friendly products for use in construction. In this way, materials from mining waste have been studied as an alternative for the development of ecological bricks. Studies suggest that mining waste, considered an environmental liability, can be an alternative for the production of soil-cement bricks that meet technical and environmental specifications. In addition to ecological bricks, another aspect that has emerged as a viable alternative for using mining waste is the production of ecological paints and the application of possible natural pigments to diversify the colors of ecological paints. Finally, the manufacture of ecological paints, natural dyes, ecological bricks and cement from mining waste, in addition to being an environmental improvement alternative, can be used in socio-environmental projects, allowing social inclusion, teaching and reproducing environmental education, and increasing environmental awareness. In this review we address the main types of mining waste that are used in the production of bricks and paints ecological.

Metaverse of Heritage Buildings in Jakarta’s Old Town as a Media for Preservation and Historical Education Tourism

The objectives of this article are: 1) Discussing how to utilize the potential of cultural heritage in the form of buildings, sites and areas through the use of Metaverse in the preservation of heritage buildings in the Old City of Jakarta, 2) Exploring the Metaverse content of the Old Town Heritage Building of Jakarta as an interactive learning tool to understand history in the context of historical preservation and educational tourism. This article is limited to only exploring the existence of buildings and historical areas as well as what content is appropriate as material for presenting a metaverse of Jakarta's Old City heritage buildings, without going any further into creating the metaverse. Through previous literature studies, historical and cultural studies of heritage buildings and the Old Town area of Jakarta and physical storytelling exploration, it is hoped that a metaverse can be built that integrates visual 3d models with interesting narratives to tell the history and stories behind buildings, sites and areas.

Expert-driven geothermal play fairway analysis for low to medium temperature hidden systems in northwestern Luzon Island, Philippines

The Philippines is the third largest geothermal power-producing country in the world. However, additional opportunities exist to expand the geothermal portfolio of the country with the exploitation of low- and moderate- temperature resources, as well as assessment and development of hidden geothermal systems (i.e., those with no active surface manifestations). As part of the Geothermal Development Initiative (GEODE) funded through the U.S. Department of State award to the University of Nevada, Reno, a collaboration between the Philippines Renewable Energy Management Bureau (REMB) of the Department of Energy and the University of Nevada in Reno, Great Basin Center for Geothermal Energy occurred from September 2022 to March 2024. As part of this collaboration, an expert-driven geothermal Play Fairway Analysis (PFA) was conducted in the northwestern portion of Luzon Island of the Philippines utilizing existing data sets available to the REMB. The goal of this PFA is to identify areas with greater relative geothermal favorability, determine where the data gaps are, and assist in the discovery of hidden geothermal systems. A geothermal PFA requires the compilation and transformation of datasets into appropriate formats (e.g., tables, shapefiles, and raster files) and evaluation of each dataset to determine how it can be used as a proxy for the key attributes of a geothermal system (e.g., heat and permeability). Once the data are organized, they are weighted for integration into the GIS software to develop a favorability model for heat and permeability. The attribute models are then combined to produce two PFA models: the conventional hydrothermal low- to moderate- temperature geothermal favorability and the hidden systems favorability. The data difference between the conventional geothermal favorability and hidden systems models is that hot springs are not used for the hidden systems model. The conventional favorability model of northwestern Luzon Island indicates areas of higher geothermal favorability in the central and southern sections of the study area. Many of the favorable areas identified in the conventional model already have active leases for geothermal exploration, lending more confidence to the methodology and model, and suggesting that the areas with no current leases and high geothermal favorability could represent future exploration targets. The hidden systems model shows favorable zones in the north, central and southern sectors, and can serve as a tool to decide the areas for exploration of potential hidden geothermal systems, particularly, in the Ilocos Norte, Apayao, and Nueva Viscaya regions.

Vagus nerve electroneurogram-based detection of acute kainic acid induced seizures.

Seizures produce autonomic symptoms, mainly sympathetic but also parasympathetic in origin. Within this context, the vagus nerve is a key player as it carries information from the different organs to the brain and vice versa. Hence, exploiting vagal neural traffic for seizure detection might be a promising tool to improve the efficacy of closed-loop Vagus Nerve Stimulation. This study developed a VENG detection algorithm that effectively detects seizures by emphasizing the loss of spontaneous rhythmicity associated with respiration in acute intrahippocampal Kainic Acid rat model. Among 20 induced seizures in six anesthetized rats, 13 were detected (sensitivity: 65%, accuracy: 92.86%), with a mean VENG-detection delay of 25.3 ± 13.5 s after EEG-based seizure onset. Despite variations in detection parameters, 7 out of 20 seizures exhibited no ictal VENG modifications and remained undetected. Statistical analysis highlighted a significant difference in Delta, Theta and Beta band evolution between detected and undetected seizures, in addition to variations in the magnitude of HR changes. Binomial logistic regression analysis confirmed that an increase in delta and theta band activity was associated with a decreased likelihood of seizure detection. This results suggest the possibility of distinct seizure spreading patterns between the two groups which may results in differential activation of the autonomic central network. Despite notable progress, limitations, particularly the absence of respiration recording, underscore areas for future exploration and refinement in closed-loop stimulation strategies for epilepsy management. This study constitutes the initial phase of a longitudinal investigation, which will subsequently involve reproducing these experiments in awake conditions with spontaneous recurrent seizures.

Engagement With Conversational Agent-Enabled Interventions in Cardiometabolic Disease Management: Protocol for a Systematic Review.

Cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) are a group of interrelated conditions, including heart failure and diabetes, that increase the risk of cardiovascular and metabolic complications. The rising number of Australians with CMDs has necessitated new strategies for those managing these conditions, such as digital health interventions. The effectiveness of digital health interventions in supporting people with CMDs is dependent on the extent to which users engage with the tools. Augmenting digital health interventions with conversational agents, technologies that interact with people using natural language, may enhance engagement because of their human-like attributes. To date, no systematic review has compiled evidence on how design features influence the engagement of conversational agent-enabled interventions supporting people with CMDs. This review seeks to address this gap, thereby guiding developers in creating more engaging and effective tools for CMD management. The aim of this systematic review is to synthesize evidence pertaining to conversational agent-enabled intervention design features and their impacts on the engagement of people managing CMD. The review is conducted in accordance with the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions and reported in accordance with PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Searches will be conducted in the Ovid (Medline), Web of Science, and Scopus databases, which will be run again prior to manuscript submission. Inclusion criteria will consist of primary research studies reporting on conversational agent-enabled interventions, including measures of engagement, in adults with CMD. Data extraction will seek to capture the perspectives of people with CMD on the use of conversational agent-enabled interventions. Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools will be used to evaluate the overall quality of evidence collected. This review was initiated in May 2023 and was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) in June 2023, prior to title and abstract screening. Full-text screening of articles was completed in July 2023 and data extraction began August 2023. Final searches were conducted in April 2024 prior to finalizing the review and the manuscript was submitted for peer review in July 2024. This review will synthesize diverse observations pertaining to conversational agent-enabled intervention design features and their impacts on engagement among people with CMDs. These observations can be used to guide the development of more engaging conversational agent-enabled interventions, thereby increasing the likelihood of regular intervention use and improved CMD health outcomes. Additionally, this review will identify gaps in the literature in terms of how engagement is reported, thereby highlighting areas for future exploration and supporting researchers in advancing the understanding of conversational agent-enabled interventions. PROSPERO CRD42023431579; https://tinyurl.com/55cxkm26. DERR1-10.2196/52973.

Geodynamic controls on clastic-dominated base metal deposits

Abstract. To meet the growing global demand for metal resources, new ore deposit discoveries are required. However, finding new high-grade deposits, particularly those not exposed at the Earth's surface, is very challenging. Therefore, understanding the geodynamic controls on the mineralizing processes can help identify new areas for exploration. Here we focus on clastic-dominated Zn–Pb deposits, the largest global resource of zinc and lead, which formed in sedimentary basins of extensional systems. Using numerical modelling of lithospheric extension coupled with surface erosion and sedimentation, we determine the geodynamic conditions required to generate the rare spatiotemporal window where potential metal source rocks, transport pathways, and host sequences are present. We show that the largest potential metal endowment can be expected in narrow asymmetric rifts, where the mineralization window spans about 1–3 Myr in the upper ∼ 4 km of the sedimentary infill close to shore. The narrow asymmetric rift type is characterized by rift migration, a process that successively generates hyper-extended crust through sequential faulting, resulting in one wide and one narrow conjugate margin. Rift migration also leads to (1) a sufficient life span of the migration-side border fault to accommodate a thick submarine package of sediments, including coarse (permeable) continental sediments that can act as source rock; (2) rising asthenosphere beneath the thinned lithosphere and crust, resulting in elevated temperatures in these overlying sediments that are favourable for leaching metals from the source rock; (3) the deposition of organic-rich sediments that form the host rock at shallower burial depths and lower temperatures; and (4) the generation of smaller faults that cut the major basin created by the border fault and provide additional pathways for focused fluid flow from source to host rock. Wide rifts with rift migration can have similarly favourable configurations, but these occur less frequently and less potential source rock is produced, thereby limiting potential metal endowment. In simulations of narrow symmetric rifts, the conditions to form ore deposits are rarely fulfilled. Based on these insights, exploration programmes should prioritize the narrow margins formed in asymmetric rift systems, in particular regions within several tens of kilometres from the paleo-shoreline, where we predict the highest-value deposits to have formed.

Impact of Instagram on Financial Self-Perception A Study of Pakistani Adolescents

This study investigates the connection between Instagram use and feelings of financial inadequacy among Pakistani adolescents. As digital mediaplatforms progressively permeate daily life, their effect on users' self-perception and financial outlook has turned into a critical area of exploration. Thispaper focuses on Instagram, a platform known for its visual-driven content that frequently exhibits material riches and lavish ways of life.Using a quantitative approach, a survey was conducted and distributed among 50 adolescents from ages 15-19 from different socio-economicbackgrounds living in Lahore, Pakistan. The findings uncover a strong correlation between Instagram use and feeling of financial inadequacy.Adolescents who had lower family income were more likely to feel financially inadequate. Data also showed that adolescents also use Instagram toavoid personal problems and it further explained how content depicting wealth and peer comparison on Instagram worsen these sentiments of financial inadequacy. The research highlights the requirement for mindfulness and potential interventions to moderate the unfavorable mental effects of socialmedia on young users in developing countries.

Petroleum exploration and production in Brazil: From onshore to ultra-deepwaters

The Santos Basin in Brazil has witnessed significant oil and gas discoveries in deepwater pre-salt since the 21st century. Currently, the waters in eastern Brazil stand out as a hot area of deepwater exploration and production worldwide. Based on a review of the petroleum exploration and production history in Brazil, the challenges, researches and practices, strategic transformation, significant breakthroughs, and key theories and technologies for exploration from onshore to offshore and from shallow waters to deep–ultra-deep waters and then to pre-salt strata are systematically elaborated. Within 15 years since its establishment in 1953, Petrobras explored onshore Paleozoic cratonic and marginal rift basins, and obtained some small to medium petroleum discoveries in fault-block traps. In the 1970s, Petrobras developed seismic exploration technologies and several hydrocarbon accumulation models, for example, turbidite sandstones, allowing important discoveries in shallow waters, e.g. the Namorado Field and Enchova fields. Guided by these models/technologies, significant discoveries, e.g. the Marlim and Roncador fields, were made in deepwater post-salt in the Campos Basin. In the early 21st century, the advancements in theories and technologies for pre-salt petroleum system, carbonate reservoirs, hydrocarbon accumulation and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) logging stimulated a succession of valuable discoveries in the Lower Cretaceous lacustrine carbonates in the Santos Basin, including the world-class ultra-deepwater super giant fields such as Tupi (Lula), Mero and Buzios. Petroleum development in complex deep water environments is extremely challenging. By establishing the Technological Capacitation Program in Deep Waters (PROCAP), Petrobras developed and implemented key technologies including managed pressure drilling (MPD) with narrow pressure window, pressurized mud cap drilling (PMCD), multi-stage intelligent completion, development with Floating Production Storage and Offloading units (FPSO), and flow assurance, which remarkably improved the drilling, completion, field development and transportation efficiency and safety. Additionally, under the limited FPSO capacity, Petrobras promoted the world-largest CCUS-EOR project, which contributed effectively to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and the enhancement of oil recovery. Development and application of these technologies provide valuable reference for deep and ultra-deepwater petroleum exploration and production worldwide. The petroleum exploration in Brazil will consistently focus on ultra-deep water pre-salt carbonates and post-salt turbidites, and seek new opportunities in Paleozoic gas. Technical innovation and strategic cooperation will be held to promote the sustainable development of Brazil's oil and gas industry.

GABA(A) Receptor Subunit (γ2, δ, β1-3) Variants in Genetic Epilepsy: A Comprehensive Summary of 206 Clinical Cases.

Epilepsy is identified in individuals who experienced 2 or more unprovoked seizures occurring over 24 hours apart, which can have a profound impact on a person's neurobiological, cognitive, psychological, and social well-being. Epilepsy is considerably diverse, with classifications such as genetic epilepsy that result directly from a known or presumed genetic variant with the core symptoms of seizures. The GABAA receptor primarily functions as a heteropentamer, containing 3 of 8 subunit types: α, β, γ, δ, ε, π, θ, and ρ. In the adult brain, the GABAA receptor is the primary inhibitory component in neural networks. The involvement of GABAA receptors in the pathogenesis of epilepsy has been proposed. We extensively reviewed all relevant clinical data of previously published cases of GABAA receptor subunit γ2, δ, β1-3 variants included in PubMed up to February 2024, including the variant types, loci, postulated mechanisms, their relevant regions, first onset ages, and phenotypes. We summarized the postulated mechanisms of epileptic pathogenesis. We also divided the collected 206 cases of epilepsy into 4 epileptic phenotypes: genetic generalized epilepsies, focal epilepsy, developmental and epileptic encephalopathies, and epilepsy with fever sensibility. We showed that there were significant differences in the likelihood of the γ2, β2, and β3 subunit variants causing genetic generalized epilepsies, focal epilepsy, developmental and epileptic encephalopathies, and epilepsy with fever sensibility. Patients with the β3 subunit variant seemed related to an earlier first onset age. Our review supports that GABAA receptor subunit variants are a crucial area of epilepsy research and treatment exploration.

A Petri nets-based modeling method for multi robot path planning

The construction of lunar bases is one of the core enabling technologies in current lunar exploration and development plans of various countries. However, to eliminate the constraints of high transportation costs and limited manned space technology, a new research plan is to employ multi robot teams to build lunar bases. The key to this solution is how to achieve path planning for complex tasks for multiple robots. Therefore, this article takes the exploration and collection area, lunar soil collection, and lunar soil transportation in the lunar base construction scene as complex task inputs, and studies a multi robot path planning modeling method based on Petri net model. Firstly, a Petri net model for multi robot motion was constructed. Meanwhile, linear temporal logic(LTL) language was used to describe the related tasks of lunar base construction. Finally, simulation validation was conducted in Matlab software and compared with the modeling method using switching systems. The results show that the total modeling time required for using the Petri net model is reduced by two orders of magnitude compared to the modeling time for a single task switching system model, indicating that the established Petri net multi robot model has advantages such as avoiding dimension explosion and computational efficiency.

Integrating Dimensions in Predictive Risk Models for Construction Projects

Abstract This review explores the evolution of predictive risk models in construction, emphasizing the integration of key dimensions—quality, safety, schedule delay, cost overrun, and environmental risk. Synthesizing diverse literature, it highlights findings, methodologies, and implications. From a historical perspective, it outlines criteria and search strategies, addressing limitations. Thematic sections delve into individual risk dimensions, and cross-theme analysis identifies overarching trends. Methodological approaches are scrutinized, challenges and controversies are discussed, and future directions suggest areas for exploration. In conclusion, the paper advances holistic risk management, aiding researchers, practitioners, and stakeholders in construction project risk assessment.

Detailed oil-source correlation within the sequence and sedimentary framework in the Fushan Depression, Beibuwan Basin, South China Sea

The Fushan Depression is one of the petroliferous depressions in the Beibuwan Basin, South China Sea. Previous studies have preliminarily explored the origin and source of crude oils in some areas of this depression. Nevertheless, no systematic investigations on the classification and origin of oils and hydrocarbon migration processes have been made for the entire petroleum system in this depression, which has significantly hindered the hydrocarbon exploration in the region. A total of 32 mudstone and 58 oil samples from the Fushan Depression were analyzed to definite the detailed oil-source correlation within the sequence and sedimentary framework. The organic matter of third member of Paleogene Liushagang Formation (Els3) source rocks, both deltaic and lacustrine mudstone, are algal-dominated with high abundance of C23 tricyclic terpane and C30 4-methylsteranes. The deltaic source rocks occurring in the first member (Els1) and second member (Els2) of the Paleogene Liushagang Formation are characterized by high abundance of C19+20 tricyclic terpane and oleanane, reflecting a more terrestrial plants contribution. While lacustrine source rocks of Els1 and Els2 display the reduced input of terrigenous organic matter with relatively low abundance of C19+20 tricyclic terpane and oleanane. Three types of oils were identified by their biomarker compositions in this study. Most of the oils discovered in the Huachang and Bailian Els1 reservoir belong to group A and were derived from lacustrine source rocks of Els1 and Els2. Group B oils are found within the Els1 and Els2 reservoirs, showing a close relation to the deltaic source rocks of Els1 and Els2, respectively. Group C oils, occurring in the Els3 reservoirs, have a good affinity with the Els3 source rocks. The spatial distribution and accumulation of different groups of oils are mainly controlled by the sedimentary facies and specific structural conditions. The Els2 reservoir in the Yong’an area belonging to Group B oil, are adjacent to the source kitchen and could be considered as the favorable exploration area in the future.

Characteristics and Deep Mineralization Prediction of the Langmuri Copper–Nickel Sulfide Deposit in the Eastern Kunlun Orogenic Belt, China

The discovery of a Cu-Ni sulfide deposit in Langmuri of the Eastern Kunlun Orogenic Belt holds significant geological implications. This study, based on the examination of the metallogenic geological body, metallogenic structure, and metallogenic process characteristics, suggests that the deposit is a magmatic Cu-Ni sulfide deposit formed in the collision of orogenic and post-extension processes of the Late Ordovician. The early mineralization of the deposit was primarily derived from the differentiation of sulfides in the mafic–ultramafic rock (450–439 Ma) of the Late Ordovician, while the late-stage mineralization underwent significant superimposed modification by the magmatic–hydrothermal activity of crustal-contaminated biotite granite (415 Ma). In addition, this article analyzes the measurements of the geochemical studies of sediments, and the magnetic and gravity measurements carried out in the area, focusing on the geochemical and geophysical anomaly characteristics in the study area, and selects favorable exploration areas, which have been confirmed to have multiple mineral bodies. By integrating comprehensive gravity, magnetic, induced polarization, and audio-frequency magnetotelluric profile measurements, this study analyzes delineated mineralized zones and the deep extensions of surface mineral bodies to assess deep mineralization potential and identify deep ore-finding targets. It suggests that diverse and scattered mafic–ultramafic complexes in the Langmuri mining area have a large-scale distribution of ore-bearing rocks in the deep. Through the analysis and inverse of the geophysical data, a deep mineralization predictive model was established in the basic–ultrabasic rock mass. The study presents prospects for the delineation of the deep-seated mineralization in the Langmuri deposit.