Development Of Urban Areas Research Articles

The contribution of remote sensing and geographic information systems to the morphometric study of six watersheds in the tindouf region (extreme south-western Algeria)

Understanding the hydrological system and improving water resource management requires a thorough analysis of the morphometric characteristics of watersheds. This study seeks to examine the hydrological and morphometric features of the water drainage network in the Tindouf region's numerous watersheds. A digital elevation model (DEM), which is an essential digital asset in GIS, was created using a 30 m resolution SRTM satellite image. The DEM model was then used to produce a map of the drainage network for the basins in the study area. Additionally, various hydrological and geomorphological features were extracted. This research is significant in promoting economic development and improving the quality of life of residents by establishing better resource allocation and water management, determining appropriate areas for urban development, infrastructure planning, tourism, and entertainment.

Legal Measures for Atmospheric Air Protection in Urban Agglomerations as the Most Important Factor in Maintaining Human Health

Over the past decades, the processes of urbanization in this country have led to the isolation of the population from nature, the aggravation of socio-economic, environmental, transport, engineering problems, an increase in the concentration of the population serving certain areas of urban development, and an increase in the territorial needs. As a result, the pressure on the environment and its components, such as atmospheric air, has increased. The article reveals the essential characteristics of legal measures for the protection of atmospheric air within urban agglomerations. The purity of atmospheric air is a constant of human health, so any measures to preserve it are a priority for any country. The current development of legal regulation in the field of atmospheric air protection indicates attempts to solve environmental problems in urban agglomerations, which should be aimed at improving human life in the city through the creation of the multidimensional comfortable living conditions.

On the issue of finding a balance of private and public interests in establishing a zone of integrated development of the territory

Since 2021, the integrated development of the territory has been a key area of urban development designed to ensure the renewal and efficient use of territories, and represents a unique mechanism that includes many measures aimed at stimulating the activities of investors, citizens and authorities, allowing for a significant acceleration of the construction process, economic development, including through attracting private investment. The effectiveness of the implementation of the CRT is achieved solely by ensuring a balance of private and public interests. The article examines the grounds and consequences of establishing a zone of integrated development of the territory in the absence of the necessary legal regulation of the fact determining the moment of the beginning of the implementation of integrated development of the territory. The establishment of a zone of integrated development of the territory determines the formation of a special urban planning regime, the essence of which is revealed by the author. An analysis of legislation and judicial practice indicates that the establishment of a zone of integrated development of the territory significantly limits the variability of actions of right holders of land plots that fall into the zone of the KRT, and enters into dissonance with the purpose of the KRT, which involves attracting extra-budgetary sources of financing for the renovation of built-up areas. The need to improve the CRT mechanism has been identified, taking into account the needs of all stakeholders in ensuring sustainable and harmonious development of territories.

Site Suitability Analysis for Urban Development: A Case of Ranikhet, Uttrakhand

Identifying potential sites for urban development in hilly regions is a crucial aspect of planning. Conducting site suitability analysis is essential for determining appropriate locations for various developmental projects, particularly in the challenging terrain of hills. Unregulated and disorganized urban expansion, driven by population pressure, is a widespread issue in many cities within developing countries, leading to urban sprawl that encroaches on natural environments. As a result, selecting suitable areas for urban development while maintaining ecological balance has become a critical component of effective urban planning. This work demonstrates the application of Geographic Information System (GIS) and the Multi-Criteria Analysis (MCA) technique for identifying appropriate sites for urban development in Ranikhet, Uttarakhand. The aim is to identify optimal locations for future urban growth that minimize impacts on natural features. The work also calculates the potential transfer of land suitability from various land use and land cover categories, a unique aspect of this research. Eight criteria distance from roads, land use/cover, distance from water bodies, slope, elevation, soil, geological formation, and population density were used for land evaluation. The thematic maps generated for these criteria were standardized using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), which involved creating a pairwise comparison matrix. Each criterion was assigned a weight based on its relative importance, leading to the creation of a final site suitability map with five categories: very high suitable, high suitable, moderately suitable, less suitable, and restricted or not suitable. The study highlights the potential zones within the study area and offers valuable insights for sustainable urban development planning. The results are expected to assist planners, stakeholders, and policymakers in identifying the most suitable locations for future intensive development projects.

Exploring the Coupling Relationship and Driving Factors of Land Use Conflicts and Ecosystem Services Supply–Demand Balances in Different Main Functional Areas, Southwest China

ABSTRACTConflicts between different types of land use, driven by rapid urbanization, are altering ecosystem services supply–demand balances (ESDB), and the reduction of ESDB will threaten regional sustainable development and human welfare. However, there are few studies on the interrelationships and their drivers between land use conflicts (LUCs) and ESDB from a coupling perspective, especially in different main functional areas. Therefore, this study focused on Southwest China. Firstly, the coupling coordination degree model was employed to measure the ESDB‐LUCs relationship and analyze its dynamic changes from 1990 to 2020. Then, the RDA method was used to explore the driving factors of the ESDB‐LUCs relationship in different functional areas (i.e., urban development area (UDA), agricultural development area (APA), and ecological protection area (EPA)). The results show that the LUCs index displayed a downward trend in the SW during 1990–2020, with a decreasing distribution pattern from the northeast to the southwest. The ESDB index exhibited a downward and then upward trend, with an increasing distribution mode from the northeast to the southwest. There was a spatial dependence between LUCs and ESDB. The type of coupling coordination between LUCs and ESDB was dominated by moderate coordination, with the index showing a spatial pattern of UDA > APA > EPA. Among these, the proportion of cropland and the proportion of urban land were the main factors influencing the degree of coordination of the UDA (explanation rate > 80%), showing positive and negative effects, respectively. The proportion of forestland and the proportion of cropland were the main factors influencing the APA and EPA (explanation rate > 70%), with negative and positive effects, respectively. Therefore, mitigating the conflict between cropland and urban land, cropland and forest land is essential to achieve ecosystem balance in the SW.

A GIS-Based Approach for Assessing Urban Development Potential in Federal Capital Territory Nigeria

Urban development potential assessment is essential for guiding the spatial expansion of cities, optimizing land use, and ensuring sustainable urban growth. In the context of rapidly urbanizing regions, such as Nigeria, understanding development potential helps mitigate the challenges of urban sprawl, infrastructure strain, and environmental degradation, hence, this study is aimed at a GIS based approach for assessing urban development potential in federal capital territory Nigeria. The objectives of the study are to: identify and categorize the key factors influencing urban development in the Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria; assess the reliability of the identified factors using consistency index and sensitivity analysis; determine the potential areas for urban development in the Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria using analytical hierarchical process; and produce an urban development potential map defining the extent of urban development potential across the urban landscape of the Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria. The study employed the assessment of relative priorities in modelling and mapping urban development potential in Federal Capital Territory Nigeria. This assessment was based on a comprehensive set of criteria, including slope, elevation, proximity to road network, population density and proximity to developed areas. The Analytical Hierarchical Process was utilized to compare and establish the relative importance of these criteria by means of matrix comparisons. Subsequently, these criteria were assigned relative weights. Weighted Overlay technique was applied to generate the final development potential map. The study revealed that Abuja Municipal Area had the highest potential development area, covering an area 851.40 km2, with Bwari and Kuje Area Councils as having the second and third highest development potential with an area coverage of 312.40 km2 and 279.69 km2 respectively. Gwagwalada and Kwali Area Councils were ranked fourth and fifth with a developable area coverage of 180.20 km2 and 127.60 km2 respectively, while Abaji Area Council was ranked the least with developable area coverage of 40.27 km2. The study successfully integrated an approach to investigate development potential within the Federal Capital Territory. This evaluation approach, is hereby recommended to be used as tool for planning and decision making in urban development in the study area.

Comparing the impacts of built environment across different objective life neighborhoods on the out-of-home leisure activities of employed people using massive mobile phone data

An adequately-designed built environment can prompt willingness of employed people to carry out out-of-home leisure activities. However, since much of the literature relies on static or perceived residential neighborhoods which may have substantial deviations from realistic environmental exposure, some associations between out-of-home leisure activities and built environment may be biased. In this study, we develop three kinds of objective life neighborhood measurements (residential space, job-housing space, and activity space) using massive mobile phone data, to distinguish the differentiated impacts of built environment across different objective life neighborhoods on the out-of-home leisure activities. According to the results, the activity space makes the exploratory models far more reasonable and persuasive than other life neighborhoods, especially in urban development areas, and the benefits of activity space cannot be attained solely by expanding the distance parameters of residential space or job-housing space. Furthermore, the results demonstrate the relative importance of built environment for out-of-home leisure activities, especially the factors of population density, proportion of urban green space, and metro coverage rate, may be underestimated if the ordinary life neighborhoods are applied. This study provides some references for urban planners to formulate effective environmental intervention strategies to maintain active and healthy lifestyles of employed people.

Flood Vulnerability Index Based on Indicator Approach in Assessing Flood Risk in Selangor, Malaysia

Floods are one of the most common and damaging natural disasters, claiming lives, and causing significant economic damage. Urbanization can increase the risk of flooding due to increased water runoff and volume. This study focuses on a flood vulnerability assessment approach as a planning tool by combining the Flood Vulnerability Index (FVI) with variables available in urban development areas. This index was created by combining the variables of three components: exposure, susceptibility, and resilience. FVI is a critical element in risk management and flood damage assessment. Vulnerability is described in FVI research as the amount of damage that can be predicted under conditions of exposure, susceptibility, and resilience. Vulnerability studies frequently use an indicator-based vulnerability assessment to estimate the complexity and degree of risk. FVI reflects the vulnerability of urban areas. Secondary data were used to obtain variables for the social and economic components. A quantitative method was used to calculate the correlation of each variable with flooding via the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The indicators are categorized as exposure, susceptibility, and resilience, and these indices were created using normalization, weighting, and aggregation of the indicators. To determine the flood vulnerability in Selangor, a small number of indicators were selected to quantitatively assess the flood risk in Selangor. Based on calculated FVI, the vulnerability of the districts in Selangor has been ranked and categorized from high to very low. The result shows Gombak and Klang are the most vulnerable districts in Selangor to flooding because of their high exposure to flooding. The results of this study could serve as a reference tool for future flood risk mitigation efforts in Selangor.

Internal and external spatial analysis of trace elements in local crayfish

ABSTRACT Pollution in urban environments is a major health concern for humans as well as the local wildlife and aquatic species. Anthropogenic waste and discharge from storm drainage accumulate nutrients and environmental contaminants in local water systems. Locating contaminated sites using water samples over the vast landscape is a daunting task. Crayfish thrive in urban environments and have been used for biomonitoring pollutants. This study aimed to use crayfish as sentinels to monitor for elements in local environments. In this study, crayfish were used to measure metals and metalloids in lotic environments using ICP-OES analysis of abdominal and exoskeletal tissue. Using cluster analysis, geographical zones of trace element accumulation were determined. Eighteen total elements were analysed providing baseline data on local genera, biometric data, and element concentrations averaging 267.3 mg/kg Mn in the exoskeleton and with Zn averaging 6.88 mg/kg being significantly higher in the abdomen. Correlations of elements with biometric data allowed for internal analyses of elements. The elements As, Cr, Hg, Ni, and Tl demonstrated equivalent concentrations in both tissues. The crayfish locations with high abundance of elements allowed for the determination of contaminated areas with higher accumulations being areas of active urban development. These analyses gave measurable results of metal and metalloid to pinpoint potential sources of pollutants. Since crayfish are consumed globally as a food source, these methods can be used to determine the risk of toxic metals being passed through the food chain to the public.

Hydro-climatic extremes shift the hydrologic sensitivity regime in a cold basin

Escalating climate extreme events disrupt hydrological processes by affecting both water availability and sediment dynamics. However, the interconnection between hydrological variability and climatic extremes remains underexplored, particularly in cold regions under a changing climate. Here, we develop a yield-based dichotomy framework to examine the impact of shifted climatic extreme patterns on hydrological regimes in the Ishikari River Basin (IRB), Hokkaido, Japan, which is a crucial area for local agriculture and urban development. Utilizing a modified Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) integrated with downscaled CMIP6-GCM climate projections under Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) scenarios, we identified significant annual variability in water and sediment yields associated with extreme climate events. Hot-dry conditions correlate with lower water and sediment yields, whereas increased cold extremes may result in higher sediment yields across the IRB. Our findings also indicate that hotter and drier patterns interact with hydrological processes, potentially establishing new hydrologic regimes and shifting climatic extremes-induced thresholds for yield classification within the IRB. Notably, under SSP585, both water availability and sediment transport are projected to intensify, increasing flood risks and exacerbating sedimentation challenges. Our study highlights the urgent need for adaptive water management strategies to address these anticipated changes in hydrological regimes in response to global climate change.

ASSESSMENT OF THE SPATIAL APPROPRIATENESS OF THE FUTURE URBANIZATION OF THE CITY OF (AIN BEIDA, ALGERIA) USING GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS, THE ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS, AND THE DELPHI METHOD

Spatial adequacy evaluation is a valuable tool for planning land use strategies. It provides planners with data and outcomes that can help them make informed decisions to ensure effective and secure utilization of land in future urbanization processes. The objective of this study is to analyze the urbanization patterns in the city of Ain El Beida to determine the most appropriate areas for urban development. The aim is to create self-sustaining growth centers that effectively support the city, while also helping decision-makers address current expansions and protect agricultural lands. The study utilized spatial analysis methodology to evaluate and map the suitability of expanding the city's future space. It proposed an integration strategy that combined modern methods and techniques of the Delphi methodology to establish criteria for appropriate land use. The influence of these criteria will be analyzed spatially by administering a questionnaire to a sample of specialists in urban planning and city geography, followed by the application of spatial analyst techniques. The user's text is straightforward and precise. within the GIS framework, integrated via the analytic hierarchy approach. The user's text is straightforward and precise. To evaluate the suitability of the spatial location, to determine the significance of the factors influencing the expansion process based on their relative importance, to ensure that the desired goals are achieved in a way that reflects the priority of the decision-making criteria, and to identify the most favorable options for urban development in the study area. The findings indicated that the optimal locations for the urban growth of Ein El-Baida were determined to be 239.57 hectares, which accounts for 26.31 per cent of the entire land area under investigation. These areas are situated on the northern side of the city along National Road 80 (Ain Beida Presh) and on the western side along National Road 10 (Oum el-Bouaghi Ain Beida). These locations have been identified as the most suitable areas for spatial expansion due to their numerous incentives for urban attraction. Firstly, there is a considerable distance from the fertile and generously compensated agricultural areas, which offer unoccupied and level terrain, as well as its proximity to the central area of the pristine city of Ein. The study also determined that integrating GIS with hierarchy is crucial for constructing spatial models that accurately represent physical reality through mathematical means. This integration aids planners in selecting the most appropriate alternatives for urbanization and achieving comprehensive development of the city.

Remote Sensing-Enabled Urban Growth Simulation Overlaid with AHP-GIS-Based Urban Land Suitability for Potential Development in Mersin Metropolitan Area, Türkiye

This study delves into the integration of analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and geographic information system (GIS) techniques to identify suitable areas for urban development in six districts within the Mersin Metropolitan Area of Turkey. The specific aim is to generate an urban land use suitability map, in order to facilitate informed decision-making for urban development. Drawing on open Landsat satellite imagery and employing the random forest (RF) algorithm, the study spans a fifteen-year period, over which land use/land cover (LULC) changes are measured. Furthermore, a novel approach is introduced by incorporating the urban land use suitability map into an urban growth simulation model developed using a logistic regression (LR) algorithm. This simulation forecasts urban growth up to 2027, enabling planners to evaluate potential development areas against suitability criteria. Findings reveal spatial patterns of land suitability and projected urban growth, aiding decision-makers in selecting optimal areas for development while preserving ecological integrity. Notably, the study emphasizes the importance of considering various factors such as topography, accessibility, soil capability, and geology in urban planning processes. The results showcase significant proportions of the study area as being moderately to highly suitable for urban development, alongside notable shifts in LULC classes over the years. Additionally, the overlay analysis of simulated urban growth and land suitability maps highlights areas with contrasting suitability levels, offering valuable insights for sustainable urban growth strategies. By overlaying the urban land suitability map with a simulated LULC map for 2027, it is revealed that 2247.3 hectares of potential new urbanization areas demonstrate very high suitability for settlement, while 7440.12 hectares exhibit very low suitability. By providing a comprehensive framework for assessing urban land suitability and projecting future growth, this research offers practical implications for policymakers, urban planners, and stakeholders involved in Mersin’s development trajectory, ultimately fostering more sustainable and resilient urban landscapes.

The Linkage Between Economic Growth and Ecology of Urban Area Development in Indonesia: A Systematic Review

In this decade there are often disasters and other things of natural damage that have an impact on the lives of the global community. Pollution and disasters are the reasons for the difficulty of realizing sustainable development goals indicators. Rapid economic growth accompanied by large population growth and energy fulfilment needs every year causes a surge in global-scale crises. The industrial area that was formed is also increasingly expanding which cannot be ignored that land use has also changed. In this study, we will examine the relationship between economic growth and ecological conditions in urban development areas in Indonesia. This study uses a qualitative description method with a systematic literature review approach. The findings of this study are that economic growth is a major cause of environmental damage by industrial activity and the expansion of urban development areas. Even so, prevention efforts by examining more deeply each aspect by involving every party, including architecture, to be able to realize sustainable development.

Industrial chimneys – as a potential art object

Industrial chimneys – as a potential art object

Intelligent Early Warning and Decision Platform for Long-Term Ground Subsidence in High-Density Areas for Sustainable Urban Development

Long-term ground subsidence (LTGS) is a relatively slow process. However, the accumulation of long-term subsidence has an adverse impact on the normal operation and safety of a subway, hindering sustainable urban development. A wide gap exists between early warning theory and its application in the control of LTGS during subway operation due to time span limitation. Providing decision support for LTGS in high-density urban areas during subway operation is difficult, and a collaborative decision system for real-time early warning and intelligent control is currently lacking. This study establishes the functional components of an intelligent early warning and decision platform, proposes a software system module, constructs an overall software framework structure, and develops a mobile intelligent early warning and decision platform. Moreover, this study introduces an early warning method for LTGS in high-density urban areas during subway operation. This method integrates an intelligent early warning decision-making platform, namely Differential Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (DInSAR), land subsidence monitoring, operation tunnel subsidence monitoring, and other multisource data coupling. The method is applied to sections of the Hangzhou Metro Line 4 Phase I Project (Chengxing Road Station (CRS)–Civic Center Station (CCS)–Jiangjin Road Station (JRS) and Xinfeng Station (XS)–East Railway Station (ERS)–Pengbu Station (PS)). This work can serve as a reference for ensuring urban safety and promoting sustainable development.

Integrated Planning of Thematic Green Open Spaces with Goals of Urban Detailed Spatial Planning

This research aims to generate the theme of urban parks by developing urban areas towards livable cities. Qualitative and quantitative descriptive methods are operated to identify the availability of urban parks, discover the characteristics of urban development areas, and arrange the theme of a park. Eight themes could be adopted: history and culture, entertainment, hobbies, health, conservation, hazard mitigation, branding, and education. The objective of urban development areas, structure plan, land use, and specific characteristics of an area are considered when selecting the theme of the urban parks. As a primer area in development, WP I has more variety in urban park themes than the others.

Spatial accessibility and equity of residential care facilities in Beijing from 2010 to 2020

In recent years, the aging population in Beijing has rapidly increased and the demand for residential care facilities (RCFs) has also risen. As RCFs have quickly developed, the question of whether residential care resources dynamically match the changes in the demand of the elderly population is an urgent issue that must be addressed. This study analyzes the spatiotemporal variation in the supply and demand of RCFs, applies a Gaussian two-step floating catchment area method with a multi-level search radius to measure the spatial accessibility of RCFs in Beijing in 2010 and 2020, and evaluates the equity of spatial accessibility. The results show that the elderly population was decentralized from the central urban area to New Urban Development Area. However, the distribution of RCF beds shows further agglomeration towards the central urban area. The accessibility of residential care resources in the central urban area and New Urban Development Area has increased, while accessibility in Ecological Protection Area has decreased. The spatial disparities in accessibility have been reduced and the spatial equity in accessibility has been improved over the past decade. The findings provide policy recommendations for the future allocation of RCFs by considering the spatiotemporal changes in the distribution of the supply and demand of residential care resources.

Assessment of Earthquake Risk in Urban Development Areas

Bu çalışmanın amacı planlama ve jeoloji ilişkisinin göz önünde bulundurularak, makro ölçekli verilerin mikro ölçekli verilerle entegre edilmesi ve depreme karşı yerele özgü bir risk modelinin ortaya konmasıdır. Ayrıca deprem riskine yönelik planlama sisteminde eşgüdümsel bir bakış açısının geliştirilmesi hedeflenmiştir. Türkiye’de deprem riski yüksek kentlerden biri olan Erzurum’da, özellikle yeni gelişme alanlarında ve kentsel mekânın şekillenmesi sürecinde afetin ne kadar göz önünde bulundurulduğu araştırılmıştır. Çalışmanın yöntemini kentsel deprem risklerinin belirlenmesinde sıklıkla kullanılan çok ölçütlü karar verme yöntemine bağlı literatür çalışmaları oluşturmuştur. Özellikle Japonya tarafından kullanılan “Birleşik Risk Modeli” kriterleri temel alınarak, Erzurum’da gelişimi imar faaliyetleriyle devam eden Osmangazi Mahallesi için Bina Çökme Riski Derecelendirme Haritası oluşturulmuştur. Bu haritaya göre çalışma alanında toplam imar ada sayının %1.39’unun çok düşük riskli, %48.59’unun düşük riskli, %41.25’inin orta riskli, %6.29’unun yüksek riskli ve %2.09’unun çok yüksek riskli olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu doğrultuda Erzurum’da yeni gelişme alanlarındaki imar koşulları ve yapılaşma faaliyetlerinin deprem riskini artırdığı belirlenmiştir.

Precise pollution control in new urban development areas: a case study from China

Precise pollution control in new urban development areas: a case study from China

Adapting the compact city model in planning new areas of medium-sized cities. From competition concepts to local development plans, on the examples of Tczew and Stargard

The article presents the possibilities of concretizing the idea of the compact city for new urban development areas in medium-sized cities in Poland, on the basis of author’s experience with winning competition concepts and local development plans developed on their basis. The presented examples are: New Urban Centre in Tczew, on a post-military site, and residential areas in Stargard. The work presents a reflective examination of one’s own design and planning practice. The methodology used is research by design – linking design and research processes in order to obtain new knowledge about a given space. The underlying methodological model assumes a cycle of analysis, design and synthesis. The starting point was an analysis of conditions on the basis of background materials, maps and field observations, which made it possible to specify the key elements for shaping the new structure. Analyses made it possible to concretize design assumptions and develop concepts; the synthesis and verification of which was the development of local plans, in accordance with the possibilities available under the planning technique. The analysis indicates that the compact city model, key in context of sustainable development, nevertheless requires an individual approach when adapting to local conditions. The presented initiatives from medium-sized cities in Poland offer a number of practical tips, including: the use of competitions to determine the future development vision and the verification of competition assumptions within a wide range of conditions. Planning provisions should take into account the diversity of public spaces, securing green spaces, and promoting sustainable mobility. In the context of recent amendments to the Polish Law on Spatial Planning (2023), although there is no formal strengthening of urban design in the planning process, there is a growing popularity of the idea of the compact city. Therefore, there is a need to improve methods of shaping urban structure, especially using pre-design studies and during design. The findings presented here can contribute to improving planning practices and effectively implementing the idea of the compact city in locations in medium-sized cities.