Tank Area Research Articles

A mathematical approach to evaluate the extent of groundwater contamination using polynomial approximation

Abstract Groundwater is being contaminated rapidly due to various anthropogenic activities and geogenic sources. In this direction, assessment of water quality analysis is the basic requirement for nurturing the human being and its evolution. The Water Quality Index (WQI) parameter has been widely used in determining water quality globally. The study aims to provide the suitability of groundwater in the specified region using the polynomial approximation method for drinking and irrigation purposes along with the computation of WQI using the conventional method. Weierstrass's polynomial approximation theorem along with longitudinal and latitudinal values has been used to evaluate the polynomial regarding various physicochemical parameters. To validate the obtained results from the present approach, groundwater quality data collected and analyzed from the Pindrawan tank area in Raipur district, Chhattisgarh, India, have been used. The result is obtained, i.e., the intermediate value of the parameters obtained correctly from the mathematical modeling, with an average error of 7%. This polynomial approximation method can also be used as the substitute of inverse modeling to determine the location of the source in the two-dimensional system. The approach output can be beneficial to administrators in making decisions on groundwater quality and gaining insight into the tradeoff between system benefit and environmental requirement.

Enhancing damage localisation in critical areas of storage tanks in floating production storage and offloadings with a guided wave structural health monitoring system

A guided wave monitoring system for storage tanks of floating production storage and offloading units was tested on a panel which is representative of a critical region of such structures. Initially, baseline signals of the undamaged structure were acquired within a representative temperature range. These signals were then processed with the optimal baseline subtraction, optimal stretch and phase-shift compensation algorithms. Two distinct damage indexes were generated from the residual signals in order to verify the detection capability of the system. A delay-and-sum image algorithm was then applied to the residual signals in order to evaluate the defect localisation capabilities of the system. These images were than post-processed with three different methods, one based on a probabilistic approach, another on singular value decomposition and also with a combination of these two methods. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) gain obtained by applying the post-processing strategies was calculated and compared to the original images. Results demonstrate that the system is capable of detecting localised wall loss and indicating its correct position for damage larger than 20% wall thickness loss. Results also show that the post-processing methods helped to improve the SNR, leading to gains of more than 15dB in damage to artefact amplitude ratios.

Negligence of Geological Investigations Site Leading to Slope Failure Incidents: A Case Study From Saih Al Ahmar in Bidbid, Northern Oman

This paper describes and analyzes a recent slope failure alongside Saih Al Ahmar water storage tank in Bidbid, and identifies the natural and induced causes of the landslide. Our analysis demonstrates that the landslide in Bidbid was the result of several combined factors: slope-forming materials, distribution of geological discontinuities and disturbance by human activities. Moreover, field observations, satellite imagery and geology of the study area indicate that the major factors which caused the landslide are the steep slope excavation along the developed tensional faults, the material in the slide ranging from talus deposits to interlayered peridotite and gabbro, cutting perpendicular to slope talus and removal of the toe of the slope. The slope failure and other stability concerns in the subsurface threatening the structural integrity of water storage infrastructure would not have arisen if the geology of the area had been carefully taken into account before the excavation phase. Landslide hazard assessment in the water tank area and its surrounding is necessary to manage the landslide risk. Proper measures should also be adopted to mitigate the impact and to avoid further failure in the slope already on the verge of movement by rainfall.

CFD modelling of a secondary settling tanks: generalization based on database relations

The modelling of a secondary settling tank area using numerical methods has been quite extensively explored and researched by numerous authors and papers. These developed models utilize different approaches, from efforts to create a solely deterministic models to attempts to generalize calibrated empirical models. Nevertheless, the processes are not easy to simulate due to the high complexity of the physics involving multiple phases, bio-chemical reactions and non-Newtonian fluids. Therefore, an additional research effort should be focused on improving these models and to validate and verify them against experimental measurements. This article is focused on creating a numerical model for settling tank optimization, which builds on the previous works and is then extended with newly obtained relations from vast experimental measuring using the database approach. The objective is to create a model, which is based on an obtained relation and could easily be adjusted to different flow scenarios and sludge types at different wastewater treatment plants.

Vertical distribution characteristics and interactions of polycyclic aromatic compounds and bacterial communities in contaminated soil in oil storage tank areas

Polycyclic aromatic compound (PAC) contamination in soil as a result of oil spills is a serious issue because of the huge global demand for fossil energy. This study assessed the vertical variation in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), derivatives of PAHs (dPAHs) and bacterial community structure in deep soil with long-term contamination by oil spillage. Our results suggest that the content of total PACs ranged from 1196.6 μg/kg to 14980.9 μg/kg and decreased with depth at all sites. PAHs were the most abundant PACs, with a mean concentration of 6640.7 μg/kg, followed by oxygenated PAHs (mean 156.3 μg/kg) and nitrated PAHs (mean 33.4 μg/kg). PAHs are mainly low molecular weight PACs such as naphthalene, fluorene and phenanthrene, while derivatives of PAHs are all low molecular weight PACs and mainly oxygenated PAHs. Low molecular weight PAHs were an important source of dPAHs under specific conditions. The bacterial community structure showed higher bacterial diversity and lower bacterial richness in shallow soil (2–6 m in depth) than in deep soil (8–10 m in depth). Spearman's analysis confirmed that dramatic bacterial community shifts are a response to contamination. At the genus level, the presence of PACs highly selected for Pseudomonas, belonging to Proteobacteria. Moreover, functional predictions based on Tax4Fun revealed that soil with long-term contamination had a strong potential for PAC degradation. In addition, statistical analysis showed that oxidation-reduction potential (Eh) was closely related to variations of bacterial community composition and function. Finally, Ramlibacter, Pseudomonas, Pseudonocardia, c_MB-A2-108, f_Amb-16S-1323, and Qipengyuania were identified by cooccurrence network analysis as keystone taxa contributing to the maintenance of bacterial ecological function. Together, our results provide evidence of tight bacterial effects of PAHs and dPAHs and a more complete understanding of the fate of PACs in deep contaminated soils.

Coupling transient behavior of primary frequency regulation of hydropower plant

This paper investigates the coupling transient behavior of primary frequency regulation of hydropower plant. Firstly, the model of hydropower plant with super long diversion tunnel under primary frequency regulation is established. Then, the stability is analyzed based on stable domain. The dynamic response is analyzed based on dynamic response process and indexes. The effects of system characteristics on stability and dynamic response are revealed. Finally, the coupling effect of head loss nonlinearity of super long diversion tunnel and water hammer elasticity of penstock on transient behavior is studied. The results indicate that the coupling effect of head loss nonlinearity of super long diversion tunnel and water hammer elasticity of penstock on transient behavior is influenced by sectional area of surge tank. With the decrease of sectional area of surge tank, the effect of water hammer elasticity of penstock is gradually weakened, while the effect of head loss nonlinearity of super long diversion tunnel is gradually strengthened. When the sectional area of surge tank is greater than critical stable value, the effect of water hammer elasticity of penstock plays a dominant role. The water hammer elasticity of penstock is unfavorable for the stability and dynamic response of primary frequency regulation.

Volatile Organic Compound Emission Characteristics and Influences Assessment of a Petrochemical Industrial Park in the Pearl River Delta Region

The petrochemical industry is one of the major emission sources of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). However, the current studies have mostly focused on the identification of the chemical characteristics of non-methane hydrocarbon (NMHC) VOCs species from the petroleum refining sub-sector. Research on the characteristics of VOCs components in oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs) species and other important sub-sectors is still lacking. Therefore, eight enterprises at a petrochemical industrial park in the Pearl River Delta region were carefully selected to represent three major subsectors, namely petroleum refining, synthetic materials, and organic chemicals, for the petrochemical industry. The VOCs (including 22 OVOCs species) from stack emissions and fugitive emissions, as well as nearby sensitive sites, were sampled, and the source reactivity (SR), the thresholds of malodor, and the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks were assessed. The main results were as follows:① the VOCs concentrations of the stack emissions from the petrochemical industrial park were between 0.2-46.3 mg·m-3. The VOCs species were greatly affected by the type of after-treatment technology. A major VOC species emitted from the combustion-based after treatments was formaldehyde, whereas the species emitted from the non-combustion-based equipment were acetone, 1,3-butadiene, acrylic, and isobutane. ② The fugitive VOCs emissions from the petroleum storage tank area were dominated by alkanes, whereas the other fugitive emission sites and the sensitive sites were dominated by OVOCs such as acetone, formaldehyde, and ethyl acetate. ③ The SRs were mainly contributed by OVOCs, aromatics, and olefins, with average proportions of 43.1%, 24.2%, and 21.1%, respectively, with the major species being formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, m/p-xylene, ethylene, and toluene. ④ The malodor appeared both in fugitive emission areas and the sensitive sites. The main odor components were OVOCs such as n-butyraldehyde, propionaldehyde, hexanal, and valeraldehyde. ⑤ The non-carcinogenic risks occurred in the fugitive emission areas and the sensitive sites of resin, alcohol, and aldehyde production, which were mainly caused by OVOCs such as free acetaldehyde, acrolein, and propionaldehyde. No carcinogenic risk was found in any of the sampled sites. This research can provide scientific support for the formulation of priority VOCs species-based precise control strategies in petrochemical industrial parks.

Control measure prioritization in Fine - Kinney-based risk assessment: a Bayesian BWM-Fuzzy VIKOR combined approach in an oil station.

The Fine − Kinney is a risk assessment method widely used in many industries due to its ease of use and quantitative risk evaluation. As in other methods, it is a method that recommends taking a series of control measures for operational safety. However, it is not always possible to implement control measures based on the determined priorities of the risks. It is considered that determining the priorities of these measures depends on many criteria such as applicability, functionality, performance, and integrity. Therefore, this study has studied the prioritization of control measures in Fine − Kinney-based risk assessment. The criteria affecting the prioritization of control measures are hierarchically structured, and the importance weights of the criteria are determined by the Bayesian Best–Worst Method (BBWM). The priorities of control measures were determined with the fuzzy VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (FVIKOR) method. The proposed model has been applied to the risk assessment process in a petrol station’s liquid fuel tank area. According to the results obtained with BBWM, the most important criterion affecting the prioritization of control measures is the applicability criterion. It has an importance weight of about 42%. It is followed by performance with 31%, functionality with 18%, and integrity with 10%, respectively. FVIKOR results show that the “Periodic control of the ventilation device” measure is the top priority for Fine − Kinney risk assessment. “The absence of any ducts or sewer pits that may cause gas accumulation in the tank area and near the dispenser; Yellow line marking of entry and exit and vehicle roads; Placing of speed limit warning signs” has been determined as a secondary priority. On conclusion, this proposed model is expected to bring a new perspective to the work of occupational health and safety analysts, since the priority suggested by Fine − Kinney risk analysis methods is not always in the same order as the one in the stage of taking action, and the source, budget, and cost/benefit ratio of the measure affect this situation in practice.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11356-022-19454-x.

Change of the form of the vertical elastic tank with a liquid

The kind of a hydrostatic equation for the vertical elastic tank, for example, a fuel tank of a rocket on a starting table is proved. The hydrostatic equation is received on the basis of specified Bernoullis equation. The substantiation is lead with the help of Laplaces formula for pressure under an elastic surface of a liquid which can arise both due to forces of a superficial tension, and due to an elastic thin-walled shell as in the present task. The form of the vertical elastic tank with a rigid bottom and the rigid top band, filled with a lied liquid is received. It is shown that it is necessary to use special record of the Gooks law for reception of the form of the tank. The analysis of this form is carried out. Distribution on height of the tank of hydrostatic pressure, volumetric density of energy of the stretched elastic wall, and also the sum of these sizes is shown. Hydrostatic pressure at which level there is a maximal increase in the area of the elastic tank is found.

Generalized energy model of the open thermodynamic system “vehicle fuel tank”. Processes of non-stationary heat transfer with a variable fuel mass

Introduction (statement of the problem and relevance). While gasoline-powered vehicles generate a significant amount of hydrocarbons in the form of the fuel system emitted vapors, the main element of the system being the fuel tank, modern requirements for evaporative emission limits are significantly tightened. At the same time, the vaporization process parameters and the fuel vapor amount are determined by the dynamics of fuel heating in the tank under various modes of vehicle operation.The purpose of the research was to develop a “vehicle fuel tank” energy model, seeking to create an open thermodynamic system which can exchange matter and energy with the environment depending on the variable amount of fuel in the tank.Methodology and research methods. The analysis of heat flush connected to the fuel tank and taken away from it was being carried out. As a result of solving equations for open and closed thermodynamic systems, the parameters characterizing the thermal properties of the fuel tank were obtained.Scientific novelty and results. Additional complex parameters have been proposed, the main of which are: heat transfer of the tank; tank heat capacity; supplied heat flux; the rate of heat capacity change; tank emptying time; fuel heating acceleration factor; the maximum rate of change in temperature difference. To assess the heat and power properties of the fuel tank, an additional parameter of the sphere surface area ratio to the surface area of the same volume tank has been proposed, which allowed estimating the fuel tank heat transfer to the environment.Practical significance. Equations have been obtained that allow estimating the level of fuel temperature depending on the thermal properties and shape of the fuel tank in the absence and presence of fuel pump control.

Surge wave characteristics for hydropower plant with upstream double surge tanks connected in series under small load disturbance

The surge tanks play a crucial role in moderating the oscillation in hydropower plants after load disturbance. Due to the immense flow inertia in extra-long headrace tunnels, hydropower plants with upstream double surge tanks connected in series (UDSTS) are put forward. This paper aims to study surge wave characteristics in surge tanks, which is of great significance for safe operation. Firstly, the mathematic model of UDSTS system coupled with turbine-governor-penstock (TGP) system is established. Then, the analytical formulas for the frequencies of surge waves are derived, and their rationality is verified as well. The generation mechanism and influencing factors of surge waves are investigated. Finally, the guiding suggestions for actual design are proposed. The results indicate that the formulas have great accuracy. The surge waves in double surge tanks are the superposition of two subwaves (i.e. fundamental wave and interharmonic). The fundamental wave is mainly affected by the long headrace tunnel, cross-sectional areas of both surge tanks. The dominant factors of the interharmonic are the short headrace tunnel length, the cross-sectional area of the surge tank near the turbine. The proposed conclusions for surge wave characteristics can provide theoretical reference for practical applications.

Consequence modeling and domino effects analysis of synergistic effect for pool fires based on computational fluid dynamic

Synergistic effects of pool fires in fire-induced domino accidents can result in greater damage than single pool fire. Existing research mainly adopts a superposition method based on simplified assumptions to analyze the contribution of synergistic effect of pool fires for domino effects. Therefore, the synergistic effect of pool fires has not been well understood. In this study, a new CFD-based method is developed to model the synergistic effect of pool fires. Case studies were carried out taking double pool fires as an example. The influence of key factors, including wind speed, vertical fire location, fuel type, and separation distance has been investigated quantitatively. The results demonstrated that the proposed CFD based approach can model the consequences of pool fires more comprehensively and assess the domino effects under synergistic effect more precisely than the traditional superposition method. Compared with the single pool fire, the synergistic effect of double pool fires can increase the probability of domino accidents for the adjacent tanks at the downwind by six orders of magnitude. In addition, it is observed that the received maximum radiation heat flux and escalation probability of the target tank in the downwind direction rise with increased wind speed. While the maximum radiation heat flux received by target tanks and escalation probability reduced with increased separation distance and vertical fire location. Moreover, according to the minimum safety distance recommended by present design standards, the synergistic effect of double pool fires in diesel storage tank farms will lead to a higher escalation probability of near equipment than gasoline storage tank farms. This study can be used to predict accident consequences and assess the domino effect under the synergistic effect of pool fires, and guide the layout optimization of the chemical storage tank area.

Micro-macro modelling of laminated composite rectangular reservoir

This article has a multidisciplinary character. It combines the scientific field of micro-macro modelling of reinforced polymer composite laminates applied in the seismic response area of a rectangular composite tank filled with liquid. The calculation of the seismic response of the laminate composite rectangular tank is carried out at three levels. Within the micro-level, the material characteristics are calculated using a fictitious periodic microstructure model. A classical theory of laminates is used to obtain effective material characteristics by using a representative laminate volume element at the meso-level. At the macro level, a seismic response of a laminate composite rectangular tank filled with liquid is solved for the region of Slovakia.

ENVIRONMENTAL AND HYDRAULIC MONITORING USING CATIONIC DYES TO INVESTIGATE THE BARRIERS EFFECT ON KAOLIN DEPOSITION

Dyes are used in hydraulic fields such as hydraulic tracking to show the flow path, monitor flow lines within a ground dam, or track the spread of contaminated water within horizontal pipes and environmental fields as environmental indicators in titrations, such as titration of precipitate composition. Some environmental experiments dispense with the dye's use because it interferes with other compounds, such as interfering with the turbidity readings even if non-reactive dyes, but the present study transformed this problem into a positive phenomenon to benefits from the dye in both fields. The research methodology includes a laboratory analysis using different parameters such as discharge of suspension, the volume of dye, and the percentage of initial water depth at maximum water depth also theoretical analysis of the previous research methodology. The experimental results show that cationic dyes' absorption (methylene blue dye, MB and crystal violet, CV) is directly proportional to the percentage of kaolin deposition in the sedimentation tank areas. Finally, MB and CV dyes are used in both fields in one trial (such as tracking flow movement, monitoring the vortices formed using baffles, and inter between the amount of kaolin precipitated in each zone the sedimentation). However, MB is the best compare to CV.

Experimental study on detonation propagation in industrial scale pipelines used in petrochemical plants

Based on the lack of systematic research on flame propagation in large-diameter and long-distance pipelines in the tank area of petrochemical plants, an experimental device for flame propagation in DN50-DN500 industrial-scale pipelines was designed and built. In this paper, effects of concentration of gas mixture for propagation characteristics of steady gaseous detonation waves in ethylene-air mixtures with DN50 pipeline were studied experimentally. The volume concentration of gas mixture was 5.6%, 5.93%, 6.6%, 7.15%, 8.0% ethylene in air. Homogeneous C2H4/air (6.6%) and C3H8/air (4.2%) mixtures were used with 9 kinds of pipelines which were from DN50 to DN500 to study the effects of pipeline diameter for propagation characteristics of steady gaseous detonation. The experimental results show that the concentration of combustible gas has an effect on flame propagation and detonation. The detonation runup distance is short and steady detonation is more likely to be formed when it is close to chemical equivalent concentration, when the combustible mixture is poorer or richer, the steady detonation will need more runup distance. The detonation flame speed and pressure are more affected by the type of combustible gas instead of pipe diameter. The detonation pressure of the mixture of 6.6% C2H4/air and the mixture of 4.2% C3H8/air is 15.17 and 14.47 times of the initial pressure, respectively, which is different from the reference value given by the ISO16852 standard where the ratio pm/p0 (the average value of the detonation pressure to initial pressure) increases with pipe diameter. The detonation pressure of pipeline below DN150 is far higher than the reference value which is 10 and 12. It’s suggested that in the design of pipelines and selection and installation of flame arresters for connecting pipelines in the tank areas, detonation pressure requires careful consideration and appropriate arresters should be selected in combination with the installation position.

The Impact of Groundwater Irrigation Development on Cropping Intensity and Crop Productivity in Krishnagiri District

Aims: The study is done with the objective of assessing the impact of groundwater irrigation development on cropping intensity and crop productivity in Krishnagiri, Tamil Nadu, India.
 Study Design: Purposive random sampling
 Place and Duration of Study: Krishnagiri district, Tamil Nadu, India during 2019-20.
 Methodology: The data on irrigation sources and area under various irrigation sources in Krishnagiri, Tamil Nadu and India is subjected to growth analysis using trend studies and CAGR (Compound Annual Growth rate) to study the ground water irrigation development. Whereas, regression analysis was done with the primary data collected from 120 farming households in Krishnagiri on agricultural land use and irrigation to study the impact of groundwater irrigation on cropping intensity and crop productivity.
 Results: As the net tube wells and other well irrigated area to net sown area (GWA) increases, there has been a corresponding increase in cropping intensity and crop productivity. The rise in percent of net tank and canal irrigated area to net sown area and percent of fertilizer applied area to net sown area have also increased cropping intensity and crop productivity whereas the increase in percent of net rainfed area to net sown area have decreased the cropping intensity and crop productivity.
 Conclusion: The ground water utilization through tube well construction have increased the cropping intensity and crop productivity.

Strontium adsorption characteristics of natural Zeolites for permeable reactive barrier in Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station

ABSTRACT Laboratory experiments and model estimates were carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of sorbent for construction of the Permeable Reactive Barrier (PRB) at downstream of H4 tank area in Fukushima-Daiichi Nuclear Power Station in September 2014. Measurement of cation exchange capacity and X-ray diffraction analyses of crystal structures were carried out for natural zeolites. The Sr adsorption isotherms were measured for these zeolites contacted with water containing Sr or the simulated groundwater containing Na, K, Ma, Ca, and Sr. According to these equilibrium characteristics, Akita-Futastui zeolite was selected as candidate. The zeolite was served for the column tests to obtain Sr breakthrough curves with different conditions such as particle size of zeolite, Darcy Flux, Sr concentration in the simulated groundwater, and mixed bed with gravel. From the breakthrough curves, kinetic properties such as the film mass transfer coefficient and the effective intraparticle diffusivity were derived by fitting with adsorption model. Based on these kinetic properties, Sr breakthrough curves were estimated for the simulated groundwater containing 0.3 ppm Sr passed at 10 cm∙day-1 through 1.5 m thick PRB with zeolite and gravel. The breakthrough points for the PRB with 33 wt.% zeolite was evaluated as more than 70 years.

Increased agitation reliability for slurry suspension in mineral processing

Regular maintenance shutdowns are required for mineral processing tanks to clean sedimentation and scale. The labour cost and loss of production during maintenance negatively impact on the economics of the operation. Swirl Flow (SF) technology was developed to improve the reliability of agitation and to maximise tank online time between maintenance intervals. This technology simplifies the engineering in agitator mechanical design with reduced shaft length and removal of baffles. Tests showed that swirling flow could provide more energy efficient suspension compared with draft tubes or multiple impeller designs. It is demonstrated that SF is capable of suspending solids at very high concentration, which is impractical with a conventional agitator. A more uniform velocity over the tank wall surface is generated under SF, free of stagnant zones in the upper corner of the tank and other areas commonly encountered in conventional agitator designs. This feature reduces the formation of large lumpy scale that could form in the stagnant zones. Compared with a conventional agitator designs, SF provides mixing homogeneity with slightly longer mixing time.

The study of burning behaviors and quantitative risk assessment for 0# diesel oil pool fires

The liquid fuel safety issues on fuel storage, transportation and processing have gained most attention because of the high fire risk. In this paper, some 0# diesel pool fire experiments with different diameters (0.2–1 m) were conducted with initial fuel thicknesses of 2 cm and 4 cm, respectively, to obtain liquid fuel combustion characteristics. Some key parameters including mass burning rate, flame height and the flame radiative heat flux, associated with fire risk, were investigated and determined. Subsequently, a detail quantitative risk assessment framework for 0# diesel pool fire is proposed based on the 0# diesel burning characteristics. In the framework, the probability of personal dead and the facility failure are calculated by the vulnerability models, respectively. In the end, 10 special tank fire scenarios were selected to show the whole risk calculation process. The tank diameter and the distance to pool fires were paid more attention in the cases. The safety distances in the cases are provided for the persons and nearby facilities, respectively. The paper enriches the basic experimental data and the provided framework is useful to the management of 0# diesel tank areas.

Study of the situation deduction of a domino accident caused by overpressure in LPG storage tank area

The production and storage of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is gradually becoming larger and more intensive, which greatly increases the risk of the domino effect of an explosion accident in a storage tank area while improving production and management efficiency. This paper describes the construction of the domino effect scene of an explosion accident in an LPG storage tank area, the analysis of the characteristics of the LPG tank explosion shock wave and the target storage tank failure, and the creation of an ANSYS numerical model to derive the development trend and expansion law of the domino accident in the LPG storage tank area. The research showed that: 400 m3 tank T1 explosion shock waves spread to T2, T4, T5, T3, and T6, and the tank overpressures of 303 kPa, 303 kPa, 172 kPa, 81 kPa, and 61 kPa respectively. The critical values of the target storage tank failure overpressure-range threshold were 70 kPa and 60 m. After the explosion of the initial unit T1 tank, at 38 ms, the T2 and T4 storage tanks failed and exploded; at 56 ms, the T5 storage tank exploded for the third time; at 82 ms, the T3 storage tank exploded for the fourth time; and at 102 ms, the T6 storage tank exploded for the fifth time. With the increase of explosion sources, the failure overpressure of the target storage tank increased, and the interval between explosions continuously shortened, which reflected the expansion effect of the domino accident. The domino accident situation deduction in the LPG storage tank area provided a scientific basis for the safety layout, accident prevention and control, emergency rescue, and management of a chemical industry park.