Railway Area Research Articles

Fully Decoupled Residual ConvNet for Real-Time Railway Scene Parsing of UAV Aerial Images

UAV-based automatic railway inspection is expected to have the potential to reform the inspection of railways. In this area, real-time railway scene parsing is quite essential. However, the limited computation resources of the UAV onboard computer pose a huge challenge for the algorithm to juggle a precise prediction with strong timeliness. Concerning this issue, this paper proposes a novel algorithm named deep fully decoupled residual convolutional network, which consists of fully decoupled residual blocks (Non-bottleneck-FDs) to deal with the dilemma between the high demand of real-time and limited resources. The residual block is constructed based on a new convolution which divides the standard convolution into three sequential convolutions to decouple the conventional operational correlations fully. Furthermore, a customized auxiliary line loss (LL) function is proposed to constrain the segmentation of railway and non-railway simultaneously without increasing the computation complexity. The proposed LL can force the predicted railway areas to concentrate in long strip areas precisely and inhibit their appearances in other impossible local areas. Subsequently, an integrated loss backpropagation strategy of the LL and cross-entropy function is presented. A comprehensive set of experiments are conducted for verification. Experiments demonstrate the superior performance of our approach with a more than <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> reduction in parameters and computation cost. Moreover, our approach also has a faster inference speed than the most existing lightweight architectures while providing comparable or higher accuracy. It is proven that our approach can reconcile the precise prediction with strong timeliness for railway scene parsing within the limitation of onboard computers. Besides, the results also imply its highest performance in terms of local details and edges of railway areas.

Assessment of the Impact of Emitted Radiated Interference Generated by a Selected Rail Traction Unit on the Operating Process of Trackside Video Monitoring Systems

The article presents a method for assessing the impact of radiated electromagnetic interference generated by a selected rail traction unit on the operational process of trackside video monitoring systems (VMS). VMSs operated throughout an extensive railway area are responsible for the safety of people and property transport processes. Emissions of radiated electromagnetic interference generated in an unintended manner by traction vehicles within a railway line lead to interference in the VMS operating process. Based on the knowledge of actual VMS operating process data, spectral characteristics and values of individual components of disturbing signals occurring in the emissions of radiated electromagnetic interference, it is possible to determine the parameters of damage intensities for the devices and elements of this system. Using that data enables determining the VMS reliability parameters within its operating system, for an extensive railway area. The article’s authors first discussed the basic issues associated with VMS, followed by analysing the topic’s current status. They also presented issues related to measuring interference radiated within a rail area, developed a selected operational process model, and determined selected operational indicators for the structures in question. The paper ends with conclusions.

AN UP-TO-DATE PROTAGONIST OF RAIL STRUCTURES IN EXPLOITATION OF COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL EFFICIENCY IN AN ECONOMY. A CASE STUDY OF THE NATIONAL RAILWAYS OF ZIMBABWE (NRZ) MUTARE

Transportation structures had been considered as a catalyst to financial improvement the world over. In Zimbabwe, special sorts of delivery modes have contributed to the social and financial improvement of the country, just like in the United States of America. The railway stratagem has been one of the main drivers of commercial productiveness and this research paper sought to set up the connection of those variables, this is the overall performance of the railway area and the economic productiveness of the country. A countries railway network system plays a very significant role in commercialization and industrial proficiency of its economy. The National Railways of Zimbabwe (NRZ) is a wholly State-Owned Enterprise (SOE) is the solitary company in the rail carrier in Zimbabwe. A case of NRZ Mutare became used to perceive the jobs the rail stratagem has performed in using and increasing commercial productiveness. Through an interchange and use of sectional surveys of (four) 4 major special largest rail corporations in the city of Mutare which are Delta Beverages, Green Motor Services (GMS), Manica Timba Boards and Mega Market, these four largest countries in city of Mutare generate 80 % of the city revenue and employ 75 % of the operational workforce in Manicaland province , were targeted as research studies . Interviews and questionnaires had been used to accumulate information, and regression evaluation became used to perceive the shape of a courting among the 2 variables. The findings had been reviewed that rail device has performed a superb position in using Zimbabwe commercial productiveness. Recommendations had been made that the railway device infrastructure with inside the USA be stepped forward and the State-Owned Enterprise to accomplice personal gamers in order that the railway delivery may be completely utilized and run successfully and effectively.

Assessment of safe exploitability of undermined objects of the Underground Ore Mining Department of the Mine Management of the PJSC “ArcelorMittal Kryvyi Rih”

The article is devoted to monitoring surface displacement and the condition of monitored objects. The object of research is the process of displacement of the earth’s surface and the state of protected objects of the “United” deposit of the mine department for underground mining of ores of PJSC “ArcelorMittal Kryvyi Rih”. The displacement process is monitored based on long-lasting instrumental observations to determine surface deformations and assess the safety of exploitation of the monitored objects within the mining allotment. The study findings enable ascertaining that in the southern and central parts of the minefield, the displacement process has stopped, but in the northern part, it is still developing, and mining will have no impact on the technological objects of the Mine Management in the next two years. Over the recent two years, actual subsidence rates in the railway area have not exceeded 2.7 mm/month, and they are significantly lower than the permissible values (100 mm/month). The road sections shifting and the base for the removal of the road continue to develop. Mining operations at the deposit “Obiednanyi” have no hazardous impact on the “Schistose Rocks” natural geological reserve, the settlement of Karnavatka and the cemetery “Zakhidne”. Displacement on road and road base sections is in progress. In the vicinity of the settlement of Zhukivka, the maximum relative deformations (3.2 mm/m) are still much lower than the permissible one (6 mm/m), and they will not reach their maximum permissible values in the nearest two three years. In the last year, deformation rates decreased and reached the 2018 figure. Therefore, all the monitored objects within the mining allotment can be safely exploited.

Traffic Capacity Assessment of the Selected Track Section on the Slovak Railways Network after the Implementation of ETCS L3 Based on Signaling Principle

In the field of railway operation, it is essential to establish uniform conditions for interconnectivity requirements and compatibility of equipment in the Pan-European railway area to ensure effective interoperability. It also includes, for example, the introduction of a control system with modern and advanced interlocking systems (safety devices). The European Train Control System (ETCS) is a single European train protection system that will increase safety in rail transport. Nevertheless, this system may have an impact on the throughput on those railway lines where it is applied. The main research objective is to determine the impacts and effects of the configuration of track signaling equipment on the operational management of traffic and especially on the creation of a traffic plan. The optimization of transport processes on the railway infrastructure means creating the conditions for achieving higher throughput performance, especially including a higher number of train paths into the train traffic diagram. This paper examines and compares the impacts of ETCS and its levels (in particular ETCS L3) on the practical throughput of the selected national infrastructure manager. A heuristic procedure is used with the application of the analytical methodology of the Railways of the Slovak Republic (ŽSR), which uses the principles of mathematical statistics and probability. Significant comparative indicators are occupancy times and the degree of utilization of practical throughput. These are used in investment decisions in the modernization of line sections to achieve interoperability of the railway system.

Experimental simulation study of rockburst characteristics of Sichuan–Tibet granite: A case study of the Zheduoshan tunnel

Rockburst poses a great threat to the construction safety of deep tunnels under high geostress conditions. Recently, numerous deeply buried tunnels have been constructed in China, especially in the Sichuan–Tibet railway area. In this study, two rockburst experiments (strainbursts and impact-induced rockbursts) were conducted under different initial geostresses using the strainburst experimental apparatus and impact-induced rockburst experimental apparatus equipped with an acoustic emission (AE) monitoring system. A video acquisition system was used to capture the rockburst process. The results demonstrated that the rockburst process is similar under different initial geostresses, including grains ejection, rock plates spalling/buckling, and fragments ejecting violently. Based on the result of the AE characteristics, the large- amplitude AE signals were concentrated in the lower frequency band and the rockburst intensity was increased gradually with increase in the initial geostress. The b-value and βt-value fluctuated slightly at first, subsequently increased steadily, and then decreased abruptly when rockburst occurred. Furthermore, the displacement and divergence fields on the specimen surface were calculated using digital image correlation (DIC) technology. The result shows that the zone of large deformation and high divergence is consistent with the rockburst zone. Moreover, 80%σpeak is a critical stress state where rocks begin experiencing slight damage.

The liberalisation of the European Union passenger rail market: New challenges for future public service contracts

The process of European Union(EU) rail market liberalisation is now at a tipping point, with the fourth railway package approved by the European Parliament and Commission and the Member States that have to embed its mandates and provisions into their national legislation. To a large extent, this has already been achieved. The railway package is structured in two main pillars – market pillar and technical pillar – with specific objectives. My paper will focus on the market pillar, particularly on the new challenges that the liberalisation of the EU passenger rail market will generate on public service contracts in effect as of 2023. The establishment of the single European railway area requires common rules on the award of public service contracts in this sector, while taking into account the specific circumstances of each Member State. Public service contracts for public passenger transport services by rail should be awarded on the basis of a competitive tendering procedure. Procedures for competitive tendering of public service contracts should be open to all operators, should be fair and should respect the principles of transparency and non-discrimination. This paper will analyse the new legal challenges that public service contracts in railway transport will encounter and what their impact will be on the process of liberalisation or the EU passenger rail market.

Multiobjective Scheduling for Cooperative Operation of Multiple Gantry Cranes in Railway Area of Container Terminal

Railway station plays an important role in improving the operation efficiency of rail-sea intermodal container terminal. The cooperative scheduling of multiple gantry cranes (GCs) can reduce the production and operation cost of railway station. Most studies look into discarding the conflict schemes of GCs, which may obtain excellent scheduling results. These existing conflict-free strategies can not contribute to enhancing the cooperative scheduling performance of multiple GCs. This study integrates container trucks into multiple GCs scheduling environment to eliminate those conflicts, and proposes a mixed-integer programming model considering cooperation between multiple GCs and trucks. The model aims to simultaneously minimize the makespan of the container handling system in station, the total empty travel time of GCs and the total energy consumption of both cranes and trucks. To solve the proposed model, a conflict-free operation strategy for multiple GCs based on hybrid indirect loading and unloading (CFHI) is proposed. CFHI strategy is implemented according to the cooperation between GCs and trucks. An effective multi-objective artificial bee colony algorithm (EMOABC) based on CFHI and fuzzy correlation entropy (FCE) is developed. Within the developed algorithm, an encoding/decoding method based on CFHI is designed to represent and decode the population solutions. The FCE is adopted to evaluate and select the better solutions for next iteration evolution. The effectiveness of the proposed CFHI strategy is verified by comparing it with two popular equipment allocation strategies. Extensive experimental results show that proposed EMOABC is effective to the proposed model. Our findings here have significant implications for the cooperative operation of multiple GCs considering energy consumption in container terminal.

The Issue of Operating Security Systems in Terms of the Impact of Electromagnetic Interference Generated Unintentionally

This article discusses issues regarding electromagnetic interference generated unintentionally by transport telematics systems and electronic security systems (ESS) located within a railway area. These systems should operate correctly, since they ensure the safety of both vehicles and passengers. The electronic devices they use are exposed to electromagnetic interference that may lead to incorrect ESS functioning. In order to determine the impact of electromagnetic interference on ESS, the authors measured unintentional low-frequency electromagnetic field generated by MV—15 and 30 kV—power lines. This enabled determining the areas with maximum values of electromagnetic interference. The next stage of the research was to develop an ESS operating process model that takes into account the impact of unintentionally generated electromagnetic interference on the operating process. Introducing the electromagnetic interference impact coefficient enables a rational selection of solutions aimed at protecting against electromagnetic interference through the application of technical and organizational measures.

Assessment of the Railroad Transport Impact on Physical and Chemical Soil Properties: The Case Study from Zduńska Wola Karsznice Railway Junction, Central Poland

Contamination of the soil and water environment with harmful substances can be associated with many activities carried out on the railway. The problem is particularly relevant to liquid fuel loading and refueling facilities as well as to increased traffic at railway junctions. Studies were conducted in the area of railway junction Zduńska Wola Karsznice in central Poland (Łódź Voivodeship). Soil samples were collected from specific research points: from the inter-railway (A), 5 m from the main track (B), from the embankment—10 m from the main track (C), and from the side track (D), at the depth of 0–5 cm (1) and 20 cm (2). The following analyses were made: granulometric composition, pH in H2O, and percent content of carbonates (CaCO3). PHEs were determined in the fractions: 0.25 ≤ 0.5 mm, 0.1 ≤ 0.25 mm, and 0.05 ≤ 0.1 mm: Pb, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Ni, Zn, Sr by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry technique (ICP-MS/TOF OPTIMass 9500). The objectives of the study were (1) to assess PHEs (potentially harmful elements) contamination of the topsoil level of railway area, (2) to determine the correlation between the concentration of PHEs and the size of the fraction, and (3) to identify the areas (places) where the highest concentrations of PHEs were recorded. Based on the studied parameters, significant differentiation in soil properties of the areas in Zduńska Wola Karsznice was found. The analyses carried out showed that the accumulation of potentially harmful elements was as follows: Cu > Zn > Sr > Pb > Ni > Cr > Co > Cd. The average concentrations of Cu, Zn, Sr, Pb, Ni, Cr, Co and Cd were 216.0; 152.1; 97.8; 64.6; 15.2; 14.4; 3.1 and 0.2 mg·kg−1 d.w., respectively. These contaminations occur in the topsoil layer of the railway embankment, which suggests a railway transport origin. The highest concentrations of PHEs were recorded in samples collected from close to the rails (inter-railway, side track), and in the embankment (10 m from the track) in the very fine sand fraction (0.05 ≤ 0.1 mm). The high accumulation index of copper, cadmium and lead in the surface layer of soil indicate their anthropogenic origin. The results presented in the paper can be used in local planning and spatial development of this area, taking into account all future decisions about ensuring environmental protection, including groundwater and soils.

Single European Railway Area and the Problem of Rail Infrastructure Charges - Case Studies in V4 Countries

This paper deals with the charging system and rail infrastructure fees use in V4 countries. The goal was to find out how the charges differ in terms of the train type, weight and distance traveled on different track categories. The charging principle for minimum access packages and for the access and services supplied in service facilities was investigated. Due to different technical, technological and other conditions for the rail infrastructure capacity utilization, the modeled situation was compared to the real one. This research shows differences between individual countries, both in the charging system and in the price for the rail infrastructure use (the prices were recalculated to € and in the PPP-purchasing power parity). It is interesting that the differences are not only significant with regard to the category of track used and the train's weight (especially in the freight transport), but with regard to other factors, as well, in particular the type of train and price for the use of railway stations.

Effects of Wheel-Rail Impact on the Fatigue Performance of Fastening Clips in Rail Joint Area of High-Speed Railway

In order to study the effects of wheel-rail impacts on the fatigue damage of the fastening clips at the rail joints of a high-speed railway, field tests were carried out on the wheel-rail impacts at the rail joints of a high-speed railway in China. On the basis of the track irregularities at the rail joints obtained from field measurements, a nonlinear vehicle-track coupling dynamics three-dimensional (3D) model with consideration of Timoshenko beam elements and a refined finite element model of WJ-8 fastening system were constructed. And combined with the theory of cumulative damage and the method of fatigue analysis, the effects of wheel-rail impact at the rail joints on the fatigue life of fastening clips were analyzed. The results showed that the impacts of the wheel-rail in the joint area caused high-frequency fluctuations in the stress-time curves of the clips, which significantly increased the amplitude of stress cycle and increased a lot of stress cycles, of which the amplitudes were reached at a large level; the clips in the area where a rail joint was located suffered the most serious fatigue damage and had the shortest fatigue life; in the actual operation line, besides the clips in the rail joint area, it is also necessary to be concerned about the fatigue performance of fastening clips near the rail joint area.

SOCIAL BEHAVIOR OF EARLY CHILDREN IN THE NUSUKAN RAILWAY ENVIRONMENT, SURAKARTA

Children's social development is how early childhood interacts with peers, adults, and the broader community to adapt. Parents and the environments are figures or models closest to children and become role models for children. This study aimed to determine children's social behavior and the role of the environment on the social behavior of children aged 5-6 years in the Nusukan Surakarta railway environment. This type of research uses descriptive qualitative methods—sampling using a purposive sampling technique. The data analysis technique used the Milles and Huberman model with three stages: data reduction, presentation, and conclusion. The results show that children's social behavior in the Nusukan railway area tends to be active, but some behaviors still need guidance so that children have good social behavior. It is inseparable from family environmental factors, both parents, siblings, peers, or other adults through their environment. Child development is strongly influenced by treatment or parental guidance for children in recognizing various aspects of social life or norms of social life. Social behavior is closely related to children's behavior in adjusting to the rules of society in the surrounding environment. Children obtain social behavior through maturity and learning opportunities from various stimuli provided by their environment.

ABOUT THE REASONS FOR THE RETURN OF N. V. USTRYALOV TO HIS HOMELAND (BASED ON HIS EPISTOLARY HERITAGE)

The article considers the problem of taking the decision by the publicist and political thinker N. V. Ustryalov to return to his homeland from Far East. Based on the analysis of the materials of his correspondence with his friend N. G. Dikii, which happened in 1930-1935, the author reveals the influence of the unstable economic and political situation in the area of Chinese Eastern railway on various aspects of the life of a well-known “smenovekhovets” in Harbin. Also the author analyzes the escalating of difficulties and problems that he faced in service, teaching, publicistic, socio-political and other spheres of activity; reveals the reasons for the compilation and break up of the relationship with his colleagues and recent associates, which became conditions and circumstances that caused this choice. But the defining role in N. V. Ustryalov’s decision to return home was a factor of his personal motivation - a deep yearning for his homeland, sense of duty to the state and the people, the desire to help his homeland in conditions of its large-scale transformation. The author also highlights the fact that the thinker’s reflections about coming back are permeated not only with nostalgia for his homeland and patriotic thoughts, but also with painful worrying, anxiety and concern for his family and possible lack of demand in the USSR. An irresistible desire to return to his homeland faced in his mind the premonition of the irreversible tragic consequences of his choice.

Pattern of Urban Flora in Intra-City Railway Habitats (Alexandria, Egypt): A Conservation Perspective.

Simple SummaryIntra-city railway areas can play a role in enhancing the diversity and dynamics of urban flora. The current study sheds the light on the role that overlooked railway habitats can provide in the conservation of biodiversity through surveying the floristic composition and diversity along intra-city railway and tram tracks in Alexandria. The plant communities were identified using multivariate analysis techniques. Spontaneous flora in intra-city railway areas represent distinct adaptations to unique urban–industrial ecosystems with different levels of anthropogenic disturbance. Despite the high level of disturbance, native species dominated the investigated habitats, including rare and endemic species. The study emphasizes the role that these ruderal habitats provide as valuable refuge areas for rare and endangered species worthy of proper management and conservation action.Intra-city railway areas are deemed large greenspaces and are believed to be key in enhancing the diversity and dynamics of urban flora. In the current study, the floristic composition and diversity along intra-city railway and tram tracks in Alexandria were surveyed. The floristic composition of the plant communities in relation to environmental factors, ecological indicators, and level of human impact was analyzed using multivariate analysis (two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN) for classification and detrended correspondence analysis (DECORANA) for ordination. The multivariate ordination techniques (CCA) revealed differences in the environmental factors and climatic factors influencing the floristic composition of the railway and tram track habitats. Tram tracks suffered higher human impact while maintaining higher vitality and cover compared to train tracks. Species recorded were mainly therophytes, followed by phanerophytes and hemicryptophytes dominated by native species; however, invasive species’ contribution was higher compared to surrounding regions. The number of invasive species was greater in railway areas compared to tram track areas (19 and 15, respectively). The occurrence of two endemic species (Sinapis allionii and Sonchus macrocarpus) with limited national distribution highlights the importance of these habitats as valuable refuge areas for rare and endangered species worthy of conservation action.

Evaluation of rail terminals in container ports using simulation: A case study

The purpose of this research is to define the bottlenecks in a port’s rail container transport process and simulate the proposed scenarios in a real port using the lean-railroading approach. After visiting the selected port and holding several meetings with the authorities, all functions relating to containers have been identified. Each section’s arrival and departure times were used in this analysis for all containers shipped by rail in 2017, including 19,000 records. The data was accomplished by the processing time of transferring the containers between the railway areas and the port berth. The value stream map (VSM) related to the processes was prepared using the lean approach, the current port situation and proposed scenarios were simulated using the AnyLogic software. The results showed that the two proposed solutions effectively reduced time and costs by up to 20%. The research port also could increase the rail share to 8% without spending on infrastructure. Nevertheless, the rail container terminal warehouse will be a significant bottleneck for the port by growing the load operations. Reducing the turnover of the wagon will also halve the required number of wagons in the network. Therefore, it is recommended that a framework be established to direct freight to rail transport through the Ports Organization by meeting the infrastructure and operational requirements of the port and through the Railroad Company by launching the scheduled freight train and providing the required fleets.

Survival on railway tracks of Geranium robertianum\u2014a glyphosate-tolerant plant

Geranium robertianum is a herbaceous plant that prefers shady and fertile forest habitats. However, it also occurs on railway tracks, where there are difficult conditions for plant growth and regular herbicide spraying (in high concentrations, twice a year). One of the most commonly used herbicides in railway areas is glyphosate. The effect of the glyphosate on the G. robertianum plants found on railway tracks and in nearby forests in north-eastern Poland was checked. The aim of the study was to explain how G. robertianum can survive on railway tracks despite spraying with the glyphosate. Increased tolerance to the glyphosate of the G. robertianum plants from track populations was demonstrated compared to the plants from forest populations that had not previously been in contact with the herbicide. After 35 days after treatment with the herbicide, 75% of the plants from the observed forest populations withered, while only 38% did from the track populations. Ultrastructure of plant leaf cells from forest populations was strongly disturbed, which was not observed in plants from track populations. It was also shown that plants from track populations accumulated more glyphosate and AMPA in their tissues than plants from forest populations. The obtained results indicate that long-term use of herbicides may cause formation of biotypes of plants resistant to a given herbicide. This fact explains the possibility of G. robertianum occurring on railway tracks, despite spraying with the glyphosate. It is also a manifestation of microevolutionary processes.

Rail Transport Corridors of the Organisation for Co-operation of Railways

International transport corridors are part of the global transport system and are an important part of the activities of the Organisation for Co-operation of Railways2. The development activities in the Eurasian space are aimed at modernising and developing rail transport by upgrading the technical and operational parameters of the corridors in order to improve the competitiveness of railways in freight transport in Asia and Europe. These corridors are widely used to plan and organise the routing of container trains in international traffic between the OSJD member states. Today, nearly 300 container trains are in continuous operation. The aim of the article is to present the activities to date in the development of corridors, their role and importance in rail transport in the area of the member states of the Organisation for Co-operation of Railways. The article presents issues related to the development and freight transport on 13 international rail transport corridors from the Eurasian railway area. New corridor solutions were highlighted, as well as the New Silk Road3 which is part of China’s broader so-called One Belt, One Road Initiative concept. It is a global infrastructure plan developed in China and implemented in more than 100 countries, mainly in countries referred to as emerging markets. Keywords: international transport corridor, rail transport corridor, indicators for transport corridors, New Silk Road

COAL MINING COMPLEX IN THE BAIKAL-AMUR RAILWAY AREA: STATE AND PROSPECTS FOR DEVELOPMENT

The analysis of the state, prospects and problems for the development of the coal mining complex in the area of the Baikal-Amur railway is carried out. The information on the developed and planned for the development of coal deposits in the region is presented. The market requirements for the quality of solid fuel are considered. It is shown that the current documents of the federal and regional levels, which determine the strategy of the enterprises that carry out or plan their work in the field of mining, enrichment and supply of coal to consumers, require additional approval and clarification. The systematic approach used allows us to identify such inconsistencies and consider the possibilities of correction. Measures are proposed to improve the efficiency of the coal complex enterprises. The problem of improving the efficiency and competitiveness of coal supply chains is considered. The role and place of quality management of coal products in order to achieve planned goals are indicated.

The unbundling project applied to the Açailândia – Barcarena rail link in Brazil: Why didn’t it work?

The objectives of this paper were to assess whether the specific conditions of the Açailândia – Barcarena rail link tendering would have contributed to the abandonment of the first attempt to introduce an unbundling model for Brazilian railways and to examine some prospective contexts in which it might have become viable. The project was evaluated from a financial point of view, within the conditions imposed by the tender notice and considering the peculiarities of the local rail transport market. In this sense, different scenarios were outlined, for which the economic potential of the railway's area of influence, the required demand and the required collection tariffs for the viability of the corridor were estimated. The results indicated that there were mistakes in the tender process design and assembly, which, if corrected, would expand the prospects of success in making the project viable.