Area Of Pregnant Women Research Articles

Assessment of sonographic measurement of the median nerve cross-sectional area in pregnant women with hypertensive disorders

Assessment of sonographic measurement of the median nerve cross-sectional area in pregnant women with hypertensive disorders

Оптическая когерентная томография-ангиография в исследовании ретинального кровотока у беременных с сахарным диабетом

Purpose. To study retinal blood flow in pregnant women with diabetes using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Material and methods. 60 pregnant women were examined: 24 women had type 1 and 2 diabetes (T1D and T2D) and 36 healthy women with physiological pregnancy consisted the control group. Pregnant women with diabetes were examined in three trimesters of pregnancy, the control group – in the third trimester. OCTA imaging was performed using the RTVue XR Avanti OCT 6×6 mm Angio Retina scan protocols (Optovue, USA). The vascular density (VD), vascular density in the fovea (VDF), and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area in the superficial capillary plexus were studied. Results. In the third trimester, VDF in pregnant women with diabetes was significantly less than in the control group, in the absence of differences in VD and FAZ area. VD was significantly lower, and FAZ area was significantly higher in pregnant women with diabetic retinopathy (DR) than in pregnant women with diabetes without DR. There were no significant differences in the values of blood flow parameters in the groups of pregnant women with diabetes, regardless of underwent them the laser coagulation of the retina. At analyzing the values of VD, VDF, FAZ area in pregnant women with diabetes in different trimesters of pregnancy, statistically significant differences were not observed. In 11 pregnant women with DR areas of retinal nonperfusion were revealed, which in 6 patients tended to expand during pregnancy. In 2 patients with T1D without DR in the third trimester areas of nonperfusion were identified. Conclusion. Obtained data have practical importance for the diagnosis of DR manifestations during pregnancy. OCTA is a valuable diagnostic method that allows non-invasive diagnostics of the presence of areas of retinal nonperfusion in the absence of ophthalmoscopic signs of DR in pregnant women with diabetes, as well as assess the state of areas of retinal nonperfusion during pregnancy in patients with DR. Key words: optical coherence tomography angiography, diabetic retinopathy, pregnancy.

Oral Status in Pregnant Women from Post-Industrial Areas of Upper Silesia in Reference to Occurrence of: Preterm Labors, Low Birth Weight and Type of Labor.

Increased levels of steroid hormones, action of local irritants and the lack of proper hygiene measures are of great importance in the development of dental caries, gingivitis and inflammation of the periodontal area in pregnant women. The aim of the study was to evaluate the state of oral hygiene and the periodontal area is such a population and assess the effectiveness of performed hygiene treatments and analyse changes in hygiene habits after oral hygiene instructions. The study was performed in two parts on a group of 50 pregnant women. The first part took place between the 14th and 17th week of pregnancy. The control study was conducted between the 27th and 30th week of pregnancy. Patients were subjected to a dental examination. Poor oral hygiene was observed among the examined patients. After the first examination, oral hygiene instruction was provided to 25 randomly selected pregnant patients. The effect of periodontal diseases on the time of labor was observed. Oral hygiene instructions significantly affected the state of the periodontal area of pregnant women for whom it was performed. It was confirmed that the advancement of pregnancy influences deterioration of the periodontium and also term of childbirth. Undoubtedly, pregnant women receive insufficient dental care. Priority should be given to dental care education of for pregnant women and alleviating the impact of oral diseases on the organism of a pregnant woman.

Group B Streptococcus colonization rate and serotype distribution among pregnant women and their newborns at Adama Hospital Medical College, Ethiopia

Rectovaginal area of pregnant women can be colonized transiently with group B Streptococcus (GBS) without causing disease. The bacteria can be transmitted to the newborn before and during birth and cause early-onset neonatal disease. In this study, we aimed to determine the GBS colonization rate among pregnant women before delivery and their newborns and serotypes distribution of GBS. Two hundred-eighty pregnant women along with their newborns were screened for GBS colonization from June 2014 to October 2014 at Adama Hospital Medical College. Rectovaginal swabs from pregnant women before delivery and specimen from nasal area, external ear, umbilical cord and throat of newborns were collected and cultured. The serotyping of GBS was performed by using serotype-specific antisera. To collect sociodemographic and clinical data we employed a structured questionnaire. GBS colonization among pregnant women and their newborns were 13.2% 95% CI (8.9–17.5) and 7.4% 95% CI (4.6–10.6). Out of 37 GBS strains recovered from pregnant women, the prevalent serotypes were Ia 6(16.2%), Ib 8(21.6%), II 10(27%), III 3(8.1%), and V 8(21.6%). Out of 21 GBS strains recovered from newborns, prevalent serotypes were Ia 3(14.3%), Ib 6(28.6%), II 6(28.6%), III 4(19%), and V 1(4.8%). This study indicated the existence of primary risk factors for neonatal disease in Adama area. Serotype II was the common serotype detected in this study which is followed by serotype Ib, Ia, and V. As colonizing GBS serotypes could cause invasive disease among newborns, vaccine formulation which includes serotype II, Ia, V, Ib, and III can prevent of invasive disease caused by GBS in the study area.

Ultrassom de antro gástrico em gestantes a termo antes de cesariana eletiva

Background and objectivesPregnant women are considered patients at risk for pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents. The study aim was to evaluate the gastric antral cross‐sectional area using ultrasound. MethodIn this prospective study, 85 scheduled term pregnant women underwent gastric ultrasound. The outcomes were the measurement of the gastric antral cross‐sectional area (main outcome), the estimated gastric volume, the incidence of pregnant women at risk for pulmonary aspiration, and the association between gastric antral cross‐sectional area and clinical‐demographic characteristics. Gastric antral cross‐sectional area and gastric volume were compared according to body mass index <30 or ≥ 30. ResultsThe median (IIQ) for gastric antral cross‐sectional area was 4cm2 (2.8‐6.3), for the estimated gastric volume it was 49.8mL (33.7‐87.2), and for the gastric volume estimated in mL.kg−1 it was 0.62mL.kg−1 (0.39‐0.95). The 95th percentile [95% confidence interval (CI)] of the gastric antral cross‐sectional area and the estimated gastric volume were ≤ 10.3cm2 (95% CI: 7.6‐15.6) and 1.42mL.kg−1 (95% CI: 1.20‐2.64), respectively. The incidence of pregnant women at risk for pulmonary aspiration was 3.5% (CI: 3.5 (1.2‐9.8). There was a positive correlation between gastric antral cross‐sectional area and weight, p <0.001 and body mass index <0.001. Patients with a body mass index ≥ 30 had a gastric antral cross‐sectional area and an estimated gastric volume greater than those with a body mass index <30, respectively, p <0.01 and p <0.02. ConclusionMeasuring the gastric antral cross‐sectional area of pregnant women is feasible and easy. There was positive correlation between gastric antral cross‐sectional area, body weight and body mass index. The estimation of gastric volume by measuring the gastric antral cross‐sectional area can identify patients at risk for pulmonary aspiration. Obese patients had a gastric antral cross‐sectional area and an estimated gastric volume greater than non‐obese patients.

Ultrasonographic measurement of antral area for estimating gastric fluid volume in pregnant women

Study objectiveTo calculate the stomach volume according to the antral area in pregnant women. DesignProspective observational study. SettingOne of the maternity units in our hospital. Patients24 singleton pregnancy women, over 18-year-old, non-laboring, gestational age ≥ 36 weeks, ASA physical status I to II were involved in our study. Interventions and measurementsAn ultrasound assessment of the antrum was performed to the pregnant women after 8 hours fasting for the first time. Those lacking of visualization of any gastric contents in the antrum in both the supine and the right lateral decubitus positions were included in our study. Thereafter 50 ml of water was ingested, 4 times, 200 ml in total. The antrum area was examined 2mins after each 50 ml ingest of water. Main resultsA high correlation between CSA and volume of liquid ingested (r = 0.90,P < 0.01) was found. We can construct a formula for the prediction of volume values based on the measured CSA values and demographic variables. The equation is: Volumeml=270.76+13.68∗CSA−1.20∗gestationalage ConclusionsBedside antrum area examination by ultrasonography can provide quantitative information for the assessment of the gastric content and volume in the pregnant women. We can calculate the actual stomach capacity according to the CSA of the gastric antrum.

Application of osteopathic manipulative technique in the treatment of back pain during pregnancy.

Changes in body posture, musculoskeletal disorders and somatic dysfunctions are frequently observed during pregnancy especially ligament, joint and myofascial impairment. The aim of the paper is to present the use of osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) for back and pelvic pain in pregnancy on the basis of a review of the available literature. MEDLINE and Cochrane Library were searched in January 2014 for relevant reports, randomized controlled trials, clinical and case studies of OMT use in pregnant women. Each eligible source was verified and analyzed by two independent reviewers. OMT procedures appear to be effective and safe for pelvic and spinal pain management in the lumbosacral area in pregnant women.

Antenatal comorbidity of mental health and substance use: Assessment and engagement

It is acknowledged that women who use substances in a problematic way are more likely to have co-existing mental health problems ( Grella, 1996 ; Kelly et al, 2001 ; Neale, 2004 ; Teesson et al, 2012). Likewise, there is evidence that women are more likely to experience certain mental health problems such as depression ( Melville et al, 2010 ). Given that both substance misuse and mental illness have an increased incidence during the childbearing years ( Kelly et al, 2001 ), there is a paucity of research in the area of pregnant women who have comorbid mental health and substance use problems. This paper explores the ways in which this group of women can be engaged and assessed in practice.

Chemical analysis of Magnolia liliflora essential oil and its pharmacological function in nursing pregnant women suffering from decubitus ulcer

The composition of the essential oil of Magnolia liliflora has been analyzed by GC-MS. The main components identified were: β-Pinene (21.16%), eucalyptol (16.59%), bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one, 1,7,7-trimethyl-, (1S)- (9.86%), 3-Cyclohexene-1-methanol, a,a,4-trimethyl-, (S)- (7.13%), 3-cyclohexen-1-ol, 4-methyl-1-(1-methylethyl)-, (R)- (6.51%), α-pinene (6.31%), camphene (6.03%). Pharmacological function of M. liliflora essential oil was evaluated by examing its effect on serum IL-4, IFN-γ and decubitus ulcer area in pregnant women suffering from decubitus ulcer. Results showed that M. liliflora essential oil could reduced serum IL-4 level and decubitus ulcer area. This indicated that M. lilifloraessential oil is effective for nursing pregnant women suffering from decubitus ulcer. Key words: M. liliflora essential oil, pregnant women, nursing, ulcer.