Oral Status in Pregnant Women from Post-Industrial Areas of Upper Silesia in Reference to Occurrence of: Preterm Labors, Low Birth Weight and Type of Labor.

Marta Katarzyńska-Konwa,Bartosz Mosler,Izabela Obersztyn,Katarzyna Mocny-Pachońska,Agata Trzcionka,Marta Tanasiewicz

doi:10.3390/healthcare8040528

Marta Katarzyńska-Konwa, Bartosz Mosler + Show 4 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare8040528

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Abstract

Increased levels of steroid hormones, action of local irritants and the lack of proper hygiene measures are of great importance in the development of dental caries, gingivitis and inflammation of the periodontal area in pregnant women. The aim of the study was to evaluate the state of oral hygiene and the periodontal area is such a population and assess the effectiveness of performed hygiene treatments and analyse changes in hygiene habits after oral hygiene instructions. The study was performed in two parts on a group of 50 pregnant women. The first part took place between the 14th and 17th week of pregnancy. The control study was conducted between the 27th and 30th week of pregnancy. Patients were subjected to a dental examination. Poor oral hygiene was observed among the examined patients. After the first examination, oral hygiene instruction was provided to 25 randomly selected pregnant patients. The effect of periodontal diseases on the time of labor was observed. Oral hygiene instructions significantly affected the state of the periodontal area of pregnant women for whom it was performed. It was confirmed that the advancement of pregnancy influences deterioration of the periodontium and also term of childbirth. Undoubtedly, pregnant women receive insufficient dental care. Priority should be given to dental care education of for pregnant women and alleviating the impact of oral diseases on the organism of a pregnant woman.

Highlights

Pregnancy is a special time in a woman’s life, during which a number of physiological changes take place in order for the woman to accommodate the developing and growing fetus
The results indicated that in women who developed gingivitis and periodontitis, the delivery occurred earlier than the planned date of childbirth
Our study proves that the status of oral hygiene in Polish pregnant women is unsatisfactory

Summary

Introduction

Pregnancy is a special time in a woman’s life, during which a number of physiological changes take place in order for the woman to accommodate the developing and growing fetus. Contemporary literature emphasizes the multifactorial nature of pathogenesis of developing periodontitis in pregnant women, for which the mechanism of origin is mainly related to the hormonal, genetic and behavioral changes [1,2]. Fluctuations in the level of steroid hormones, their effects on periodontal cells and the composition of biofilm are considered the basic factor modulating changes in the oral cavity. The specific changes in the biofilm, which becomes richer in anaerobic Gram (–) Prevotella bacteria is an important causative factor in gingivitis. Their growth may be associated with the fact that steroid hormones are substitutes for vitamin K, which is an important growth factor for these bacteria

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