National Park Area Research Articles

The Utilization of Medicinal Plants in the Postpartum Care by Belaban Ella Village's Women of Belaban Resort of Bukit Baka Bukit Raya National Park (TNBBR)

Belaban Ella village is in the Bukit Baka Bukit Raya National Park (TNBBR) area. The Belaban Ella village community still maintains its local wisdom in using plants to care for women after giving birth. This study aims to describe the local knowledge of the women of Belaban Ella village in utilizing plants for postpartum care. Respondents in this study were selected by purposive sampling and we conducted in-depth interviews with the assistance of a questionnaire. The result showed that women in Belaban Ella village used 25 species of plants in 6 treatment groups. Most of these plants are used to reduce abdominal pain and enhance the mother's breast milk. The most widely used plant family is Zingberaceae; the most used part is the leaves (61%). Grinding (40%) was the most used preparation method, with poultices (32%) and eating (28%) being the predominant method of use. Women in Belaban Ella village still using medicinal plants in postpartum care treatment as an effort to preserve their local knowledge.

Diversity of Insects Trapped in Nepenthes at Gunung Kunyit Forest, Jambi Province, Indonesia.

<b>Background and Objective:</b> <i>Nepenthes</i> is a marsupial plant that is a modification of the leaf tip and serves to trap insects. The difference in the position of the pitcher is expected to distinguish the insects that inhabit it. One of the locations <i>Nepenthes</i> was Gunung Kunyit which is included in the Kerinci Seblat National Park Area. Insects trapped in the <i>Nepenthes</i> can be studied through taxonomic studies. The objectives of this study were to determine the diversity of insects trapped in the <i>Nepenthes</i> and to know the species of <i>Nepenthes.</i> <b>Materials and Methods:</b> The research was conducted from February to May, 2022. The study used a survey method by direct observation in the field. <b>Results:</b> The insects found in the <i>Nepenthes</i> consisted of 3 orders, 7 families and 10 species. The most insects found to be <i>Crematogaster</i> sp., (82 individuals) and the least insects <i>Sceliphron</i> sp. and <i>Dasiops</i> sp. (5 individuals). At the research site, three species of <i>Nepenthes</i>, <i>N. bongso</i>, <i>N. gymnamphora</i> and <i>N. inermis</i> at an altitude of 1,768-1,993 meters above sea level (m.a.s.l.). <b>Conclusion:</b> The insect diversity index in the upper pitcher was 1.79 and for the lower pitcher position was 1.31, so it was categorized as a medium level.

Cystic echinococcosis in cattle (Bos taurus) from rural communities of Limpopo National Park, Gaza province, Mozambique: a One Health perspective

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by the larval stage (metacestode) of the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.). It is one of the most widespread zoonoses of veterinary and public health importance and constitutes a sanitary, economic, and socio-cultural concern globally. It is included in the WHO (World Health Organization) list of the most frequent Neglected Zoonotic Diseases (NZDs) and is a major problem in rural areas where hygienic measures are poor. Prevalence of the disease in humans is often underestimated given the challenges in carrying out studies in resource-poor communities in remote and isolated geographic areas. A prevalence and genotyping study was conducted in the Limpopo National Park (LNP) area, Gaza province, to evaluate effects of this parasitic disease on livestock production, wildlife health, and possible public health risks in this human–wildlife interface conservation area. A total of 204 cattle were inspected in the Massingir slaughterhouse which is the focal point for all animals reared in the LNP and its buffer zone. Inspections detected 25 animals with cystic-like lesions in various organs, of which 22 were microscopically confirmed as E. granulosus s.l., representing a prevalence of 10.8%. Subsequent molecular analysis of the PCR samples and sequencing of the cox1 and nad1 genes confirmed that the samples belonged to strain G5, now reclassified as E. ortleppi, one of the known zoonotic Echinococcus species.

Exploring the future of Kafue National Park, Zambia: Scenario-based land use and land cover modelling to understand drivers and impacts of deforestation

Land use and land cover (LULC) dynamics in tropical forests of sub-Saharan Africa are often difficult to quantify and predict, despite rapid forest losses and increasing human population pressure. As deforestation threatens the biodiversity of both flora and fauna, we used LULC change assessment and scenario modelling to analyse whether policy measures can safeguard the multi-functionality of tropical dry forests in western Zambia from 2010 to 2040. Our data comprised information on deforestation and human encroachment due to i.e., agricultural expansion, charcoal production, infrastructure development in the Kafue National Park (NP) and adjacent Game Management Areas (GMAs) (total area: 7,102,147 ha), which is part of the first Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) focus areas in Zambia. We modelled a business-as-usual scenario (BAU) and four REDD+ policy-screening scenarios with varying levels of protection enforcement and future annual deforestation rates. We quantified scenario impacts on forest cover using three indicators: cropland and forest-related LULC trajectory, forest connectivity, and long-term carbon stock changes in 2040. Scenario results suggested that only under strong enforcement and low demand for agricultural areas, deforestation in Kafue NP and GMAs could be avoided by 93% (40,457 ha) and 1% in carbon stocks could be gained by 2040 in comparison to BAU. Spatial analyses revealed that cropland expansion will continue to encroach protected areas. We highlight that variations in carbon stocks and forest fragmentation were small across scenarios which has implications for land use management and the expected future benefits of REDD+ projects. The combination of GIS, scenario development and LULC modelling helped to identify and locate potential future deforestation and LULC changes. This can support appropriate management pathways of REDD+ induced local and national leakage effects and related decision making.

“Hulun Hyang” Farmer Group Asset Mapping Using Asset-Based Community Development Methode as an Ex-situ Edelweiss Flower Conservation in the Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park Area (Case Study: Edelweiss Park, Wonokitri Village)

One of the endemic flora that has become an icon in the Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park (TNBTS) area is the Edelweiss Flower. The existence of tourism developments makes the demand for Edelweiss flowers as souvenirs even more excellent. It affects the economic value of these commodities. It affects the population decline and threatens its availability for the Tengger indigenous people who use Edelweiss flowers as offerings that other components cannot replace. Since 2017, the Wonokitri Village community has collaborated with Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park (TNBTS) area to form the Hulun Hyang farmer group to conserve Edelweiss Flower ex-situ. The Hulun Hyang Farmer’s Group has also obtained a breeding permit for Edelweiss Flowers from the Ministry of Environment and Forestry regarding wanawiyata widyakarya, which is realized through the development of the Edelweiss Park. It is essential to increase the capacity of managers in Edelweiss Park Development to ensure the sustainability of their activities. In this case, the Asset Based Community Development (ABCD) approach is considered suitable to be applied as a methodology to map assets owned by the Hulun Hyang Farmer Group. This asset mapping is hoped that it can encourage members of the Hulun Hyang Farmer Group to find out detailed information on their capital, which can later be used as a basis for formulating programs to improve skills and collective understanding so that they can develop a sustainable Edelweiss Park agro-ecosystem independently.

New Data on the Neopleistocene Mammal Fauna from the Region of the Natural Park “Lenskie Stolby” (Middle Lena River Basin, Yakutia)

The data on new finds of the remains of Mammoth fauna mammals in the basin of Middle Lena River (Yakutia, the area of natural park “Lenskiye Stolby (Lena Pillars)” and adjacent territories) is represented in the article. Based on these data, the species composition of the mammoth fauna list of large mammalian species from this region was specified. 11 species of large mammals were identified, among which, for the first time for this region, the presence of a cave lion was established. A series of new radiocarbon datings allowing to note that mass burials of the Pleistocene mammalian remains were mainly formed in this region during the Karginian interstadial (60 (55)–24 thousand years ago, MIS-3). The obtained radiocarbon dates and species composition are consistent with the data that the Karginian interstadial was the most favorable for the distribution of the mammoth fauna in the territory of Yakutia. The results of the studies show that in the Late Pleistocene, the ecological preferences of Ovis nivicola differed from the modern ones. For the first time, the distribution of Panthera spelaea is revealed in the region of the middle reaches of the Lena River.

Silviculture in deteriorated stand conditions and complex societal demands in the area of National Park "Fruska Gora"

The application of silviculture measures on contemporary, rationalized basis in order to sustain and improve forests in the area of the National park ?Fruska Gora?, is the most im?portant segment of forest management, having in mind their anthropogenically deteriorated conditions and their purpose. For the improvement of stand conditions, intensive silvicultural tending measures are necessary in certain phases of development of the stands which is con?trary to the passive protection. The main reasons for the application of these measures are in the coppice origin of the stands on over 82% of the area of National park and the silver lime dominance compared to other edificators (oaks and beech). On the basis of the ecosystem approach in forest management, and especially in conditions of more pronounced climate change, the silvicultural measures need to be rationally synchronized with biological-ecological demands of the main species and dominant processes in forest ecosystems. In other words, there is a need to implement the elements of close-to-nature forest management. This paper points toward the most important determinations of silviculture in order to achieve the goals of special-purpose forests in the National park.

National parks’ management models in Serbia and selected countries of the region: Comparative analysis and improvement possibilities

The management of national parks (NPs) is a challenge because it is necessary to en?sure the conservation, improvement, sustainable use of natural and other values at NP area, as well as the management of NPs? visitors. This paper aims to study the NPs? management models in Serbia, as well as to compare them with selected countries of the Southeast Europe region (Slovenia, Croatia and Montenegro). In the paper were considered the possibilities of improving the NPs management model (institutional framework and organisation of NP management) in Serbia, based on best practice examples from the region and the views of NPs? managers and stakeholders in Serbia. The research used primary data, collected through interviews with representatives of NPs? managers and stakeholders, as well as secondary data, which were used for the analysis of organizational models of NPs? management in selected countries. The management of NPs, as the most important protected areas in Serbia, is entrusted to public enterprises (PE NP). In Slovenia and Croatia, NPs are managed by public institutions, as public services established by the Government. In Montenegro, all NPs are managed by the Public enterprise for national parks of Montenegro, which was established by the Government as a single business entity. Respondents agree that the existing NPs management system in Serbia can be improved by strengthening the institutional framework and establishing a model of public institutions.

Local Economic Development (LED) Strategy in Bromo Tengger Semeru Region (Case Study: Pasuruan Regency)

Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park (TNBTS) area is located on 4 regencies in East Java, Indonesia. One of them is Pasuruan Regency. This area has majestic natural potential that is proposed to be one of Global Geopark. Conservation, education, and economic prosperity become 3 important pillars of Global Geopark that have to be maintained and balanced. Local Economic Development (LED) is part of the 3rd pillar that could enhance the socio-economic development of the people in the TNBTS area. Tosari, Tutur, and Puspo are 3 districts in the Pasuruan regency that are adjacent to one another and produce high-quality coffee commodities. This research aimed to discover problems in the study area based on important factors related to Coffee-based LED and suggest strategies that could address the problems. First, AHP is used to find important factors for Coffee-based LED. Secondly, in-depth interview with stakeholders like government, business, and academics was conducted to find the root cause problems for each important factor. Lastly, triangulation analysis is used to generate the strategies, with 3 main inputs which are the root cause problem, existing regulation in the area, and best practices of LED.

Predicted distribution of ‘ua‘u (Hawaiian petrel Pterodroma sandwichensis) nest sites on Haleakalā, Maui

Haleakalā National Park and montane areas on east Maui, Hawaiian Archipelago, support critical nesting habitat for endangered ‘ua‘u Hawaiian petrel Pterodroma sandwichensis. Habitat loss, non-native predators, and damage by feral ungulates are limiting factors for ground-nesting petrels at Haleakalā and throughout Hawai‘i. Because nesting habitats differ among the Hawaiian Islands, habitat distribution modeling for Hawaiian petrel has been island specific. Based on 2453 known nest site locations, we provide the first landscape-scale predictive model describing relative abundance and habitat available for nesting petrels throughout upper Haleakalā (1830 to 3055 m). We evaluated (principal components analyses and Pearson’s correlation) 13 spatial landscape and climate predictor variables associated with nest sites and the background landscape followed by random forest modeling to predict nest site density. Six variables (elevation, slope, topographic position index at 2 scales, heat load index, presence-absence ash/cinder, and presence-absence vegetation) indicated nest sites occurred non-randomly throughout the central part of the summit and crater; greatest concentrations were predicted along the crater rim and a ridgeline extending southwest from the summit. Moderately high predicted density occurred in the northeastern and northern crater. Lower elevations to the north, west, and south flanks of Haleakalā had relatively fewer predicted nest sites. Although we focused on higher elevations on Haleakalā, there is no reason to suspect that conservation efforts would not be successful at lower elevations, provided nesting petrels were protected from invasive predators, grazing ungulates, and significant land alteration.

Conservation Partnership Strategy for the Tengger Tribe Community in The Management of The Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park Area, East Java Province, Indonesia

This research aims to formulate a conservation partnership strategy for the Tengger tribe community in managing the Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park Area (TNBTS). The method used is quantitative descriptive, with data collection techniques, namely semi-structured interviews, documentation studies, questionnaires, and observations. The data analysis in this research uses SWOT analysis (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, Threat). The technique used to select informants was purposive sampling. The research results showed that based on the scoring value on the internal and external factor matrix, the score for strengths was 1.29 and the score for weaknesses was 1.61. Meanwhile, the scoring results on the external factor matrix obtained a score for opportunities of 2.73 and a score for threats of 0.40. The score value determines the coordinates on the SWOT analysis diagram which are expressed as coordinate values ​​(-0.32; 2.33). Based on the results of the SWOT analysis, the position of the conservation partnership program in the Tengger tribe community is in quadrant III. The strategy that must be implemented in this condition is to overcome weaknesses by taking advantage of existing opportunities to develop a conservation partnership program for the Tengger tribe community in managing the TNBTS area.

Exploration Streptomyces sp. on the Soil of Several Vegetations in the Forest Zone Area of Alas Purwo Banyuwangi National Park and Tests of its Inhibitory on Escherichia coli O157:H7

Problems related to antibiotic resistance are getting higher every time. Therefore, studies related to the exploration of new sources of antibiotics are very important to do. One source of antibiotics that has the potential to be utilized is derived from Streptomyces sp. This bacteria belongs to the Gram-positive bacteria of the Streptomycetaceae family which has the ability to produce enzyme and antibiotic is often found in natural soils. This study aims to explore the bacteria Streptomyces sp. in grassland vegetation and tropical rain forests in the jungle zone in the Alas Purwo National Park Area East Java Indonesia and tested its ability to inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli O157:H7. Sampling in this study was carried out in two different vegetation areas of the Alas Purwo National Park. The first vegetation is Sadengan grassland and the second is forest in the jungle zone. Soil samples were taken for each type of vegetation at five points. To isolate Streptomyces sp. used pour plate method with selective media YEMA (Yeast Extract Malt Agar). Bacterial isolates suspected as Streptomyces sp. and different from one another are separated to be re-isolated and identified macroscopically and microscopically Seung and Good fellow (2002). Twenty Streptomyces sp. isolates were successfully isolated from 2 vegetations. The highest inhibition was Streptomyces sp. O (2.725 cm) against Escherchia coli O157:H7, while the one with the lowest inhibition was Streptomyces sp .G (0.542 cm). In the future, after carrying out molecular tests, Streptomyces sp.O can be used as an alternative new antibiotics to combat pathogenic bacteria.

Diversity of spice plants in the MADAPI Forest, Kerinci Seblat National Park, Rejang Lebong Bengkulu

A study of the potential of spice plants in the Kerinci Seblat National Park area particularly in the MADAPI Forest was conducted to find out the types of the plants as well as their number and abundance. The method used in this research was a survey using a proportionate stratified random sampling technique. The size of the observation plot was 20mx20m. The total number of observation plots was 80 plots. Based on the observations, it was found 13 types of spice plants from 10 families, mostly dominated by the Zingiberaceae. The abundance value of the plants was low (small). Most types of spice plants in the MADAPI Forest grew in a clumped distribution pattern. The most spice plant species were found in the Pinus merkusii area and the least was in the Aleurites moluccana area.

Characteristics of coral reef fisheries in the Wakatobi islands

Wakatobi National Park has a diverse fish population, and its conservation potential for reef fish resources is quite large. As a result, to be sustainable, the exploitation of these resources must be properly managed. This study aims to look into the characteristics of reef fish fisheries, such as species composition, catch, fishing ground, and fish length. The outcomes are hoped to be beneficial in monitoring the management of the resources. This research was conducted in April-November 2018 in Wakatobi, Indonesia. Analytical methods process the data. The results showed that gold spotted rabbitfish (Siganus punctatus), parrotfish (Hipposcarus longiceps), emperor (Lethrinus lentjan), grouper (Epinephelus sp), and trevallies (Caranx sp) dominated the total catch from muroami, speargun, and hand line. Muroami boats have a higher average CPUE (212 kg/trip/month) than speargun (29.0 kg/trip/month) and handlines (13.0 kg/trip/ship). Some of the reef fish caught in Wakatobi National Park is small and immature. Muroami net, speargun, and handline fishing are mostly done in the southern part of the Wakatobi National Park area, around Binongko Island. One of the management actions undertaken by Wakatobi fishermen is fishing inside the management zone that has been established, namely the local use zone.

Considerations of Local Wisdom from Sabu Raijua Regency (Indonesia) for Coral Reef Conservation for Responsible Management Measures

Coral reefs have economic benefits economic, ecological, and socio-cultural benefits, providing vital climate change mitigation and adaptation ecosystem services that require conservation efforts but are increasingly under threat. The strategy for managing coral reef ecosystems, among others, is prepared by taking into account the sustainability of the ecosystem and considering the wise values of the local community. using secondary data the study aims to identify and explain local wisdom in maintaining the conservation of coral reef ecosystems and sustainable coastal planning whose results can help local governments, and communities in the development of coral reef tourism as well as helping to provide a frame of reference for policymakers to consider in coral reef conservation in Sabu Raijua district, part of the Savu Sea Marine National Park area Local Wisdom in maintaining the conservation of coral reef ecosystems includes Ruju Peluru, Kati Dana, Kowa Hole, Panadahi. Local Wisdom Kowa Hole and Panadahi are in active status. Revitalization efforts are necessary to revive local content based on culture and policies that involve the community in a participatory manner so that the implementation process for coral reef ecosystem preservation can grow and develop again in the pattern of community life, especially in the Savu Sea Marine National Park area

The Diversity of Nepenthes Species and Their Rhizosphere Soil Properties Around The Lore Lindu National Park Area, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia

The Diversity of Nepenthes Species and Their Rhizosphere Soil Properties Around The Lore Lindu National Park Area, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia

QGIS를 활용한 월악산국립공원 민속문화 분포 분석

This study proceeded an actual on-site investigation of folk cultures that are distributed around the area of Weolaksan National Park and nearby living cultural area, and, found out the details of tangible and intangible folk cultures including transmission through generations, changes by times, current existence and continuance, conservation status, etc. The folk cultures in Weolaksan National Park area is well conserved until now in a variety of traditional cultures such as village beliefs, traditional ritual rites, prayers' beliefs, tales and legends, etc. Those folk cultures found out by the on-site investigation was measured of their accurate locations using GPS and visually presented of their distributions on a map utilizing QGIS program. The study displayed folk cultures based on spatial analysis data and tried to utilize the data as material for conservation and protection of the cultural properties in the area of Weolaksan National Park living culture.

Peningkatan Keterampilan Komunikasi bagi Pemandu Wisata lokal di Desa Penyanggah Taman Nasional Bromo Tengger Semeru (TNBTS) Wonokitri Pasuruan Jawa Timur

This service activity aims to improve the capability of local tour guides in buffer villages in the Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park (TNBTS) area. One of the locations chosen by the Service team is Wonokitri Village, which is located close to the tourist destination of Mount Bromo. Based on the results of field observations, there are several problems why Wonokitri Village is only able to survive as a 'transit village' which is indicated by the low occupancy of tourists staying at local guest houses. This is due to the low communication skills of local tour guides to attract both domestic and foreign tourists to stay longer in Wonokitri Village. In fact, based on the narrative of local residents, they are trying to develop other tourist objects that are expected to be able to support the local economy. Through this service activity, the Proposing Team arranged a series of mentoring and training activities for members of the Tourism Awareness Group (Pokdarwis) in Wonokitri Village, Tosari District, Pasuruan Regency. The service activities consist of first, training in communication skills for tour guides and tourism actors (owners of guest houses, stalls, and souvenir sellers). Second, assistance in making social media as a promotional media, branding as well as local tourism marketing. Finally, thirdly, English language skills training in the context of tourism for tour guides and other tourism actors. The outputs of this activity are publications in the mass media, activity documentation, scientific articles presented at national seminars, and scientific articles published in accredited national journals.

Pelatihan Perbanyakan Pupuk Hayati Mikoriza Kepada Kelompok Tani Desa Karangsari Kecamatan Darma Kabupaten Kuningan

Problems in agricultural, plantation and forestry cultivation that are often faced by farmers in Karangsari Village include high dependence on subsidized fertilizers, pests and diseases, climate/weather uncertainty, and market prices. To overcome this problem, various potential bioprospectives available in nature can be used, both acting as soil enhancers, biological fertilizers, organic fertilizers, controlling pests and diseases, and others. One of the bioprospecting materials in the Gunung Ciremai National Park area is Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF). The purpose of this service is to provide understanding and skills of farmers in the use of natural resources for plant cultivation activities, especially in terms of propagation of mycorrhizal fertilizers. the method of devotion is carried out by means of lectures and practices. The lecture method is used to deliver material about natural ingredients that can be used as fertilizer and pest and disease control, while the practice/training method is used to train mycorrhizal biofertilizer propagation techniques. The results of the service show that farmers are very enthusiastic in responding to this activity, as can be seen from the many mycorrhizal discussions which are new knowledge for them. The participants tried to multiply mycorrhizae in a simple way and maintain the plants until harvest time. Farmer groups are also trying to use mycorrhizae in their fields.

Satisfaction of Tourism Communities in World Heritage Sites Based on Residents’ Perceptions—Study Area of Mount Sanqingshan National Park, PRC

Tourist communities have enjoyed the benefits of tourist development in various regions and have paid the associated costs, resulting in different attitudes towards tourism development in World Heritage Sites. On this basis, this study takes the Mount Sanqingshan National Park, a World Natural Heritage site, collects 330 examples of perceptions of residents of tourism communities, relies on social exchange theory and community participation theory, uses structural equation modeling as a technical methodology, and constructs a conceptual model, including perceived benefits and costs, community satisfaction, and place attachment as mediating variables from the view of tourism’s social, economic, environmental, and heritage protection impacts. The study shows that: first, the perceptions of benefits have a significant positive influence on place attachment and community satisfaction; second, the perceived cost has a significant negative influence on place attachment, and a negative influence on community satisfaction does not hold true; third, place attachment has a full mediating effect on tourist cost perception and satisfaction, a partial mediating effect on tourist benefit perception and satisfaction, and a significant positive effect on community satisfaction. Finally, we propose the ‘SHE-ABC’ framework of WHS tourist community satisfaction based on the perspectives of heritage tourism impact perception and place attachment. The results of the study have theoretical value and practical guidance to sustainable development, tourist industry, and community management of World Heritage Sites.