National Park Area Research Articles

PEMBUATAN RANCANG BANGUN PRASARANA PUBLIK UNTUK PENGEMBANGAN ECO TOURISM BATU KATAK KECAMATAN BAHOROK – LANGKAT

Province of North Sumatra has tremendous potential of tourism. This tourism object can be enjoyed by tourists, both local and foreign. Some of the attractions of North Sumatra that can be visited are Lake Toba, Samosir Island, Sibolga Beach, Berastagi and Bahorok which is located in Langkat Regency. Another tourist destination included in the Gunung Leuser National Park area is Tangkahan. Tangkahan has a unique selling point because it is a habitat for Sumatran elephants. Another choice of place that is no less interesting and can be enjoyed by the beauty of the environment is the ecotourism of Batu Katak which is located in Batu Katak Hamlet, Batujongjong Village, Bahorok District, Langkat. In the tourism sector, two factor: benefits and satisfaction of tourist are related to Tourism Resource and Tourist Service. Tourist objects and attractions are everything that exists in a tourist destination area that has its own charm and is able to invite tourists to visit. To increase the number of local and foreign tourists in North Sumatra, the government of North Sumatra continues making more improvements to facilities of tourism destinations, including the development of human resources. Other infrastructure matters that are not yet complete are rest areas, clean toilets, prayer rooms, halal cuisine, and area pointers (maps, signs, and so on). The purpose of this research is to design public infrastructure that is needed for the development of eco-tourism Batu Frog. The infrastructure includes toilets, tourist interpretation boards, hand washing (sanitation) places, trash cans, and road/way signs. The infrastructure created must meet the requirements of Clean Health Safety Environmental Sustainability (CHSE). With this infrastructure, it is expected to provide better services for tourists so that the number of visits in North Sumatra continues to increase. The success of eco-tourism development in Batu Katak is also expected to increase the income and welfare of the surrounding community. The specific objectives of this research are 1) Designing environmentally friendly supporting infrastructure as an effort to improve services to tourists who meet CHSE requirements, and 2) Making Detailed Engineering Design (DED) or bestek of toilets, tourist interpretation boards, hand washing places. , trash cans and directional/road signs. The stages that will be carried out in this research are problem identification, setting research objectives, literature and field studies conducted by interview and direct observation. The next stage is data processing and designing the initial design proposal.

CURRENT BIODIVERSITY AND THE CHALLENGES FOR BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION IN THE PU MAT NATIONAL PARK

This research synthesizes the most advanced progress on biodiversity in recent decades to develop a set of information about the current condition of biodiversity in the Pu Mat national park. Data was collected from reliable documents nationally, updated statistics, and maps from management committees associated with field surveys in the study area. After implementing data synthesis, analysis, and inheritance from the previous related research and using a geographic information system (GIS), the findings indicated that: 1) Pu Mat National Park protects the rare genetic resources of Vietnam, which include 2600 floral species, 1121 animal species, and four typical ecosystems of evergreen- broadleaf natural forest, mixed wood-bamboo ecosystem, natural bamboo ecosystem and grassshrubs ecosystem; 2) establishing an ecosystem map based on the integration of the forest current maps, forest inventory maps, land use current maps in Pu Mat National Park area, scale 1:50,000; and 3) identifying factors challenging in biodiversity conversation in Pu Mat national park. The main challenging factors present, (1) the need of using biodiversity resources; (2) the urbanization process; (3) the interference with the environment and habitat from human beings; (4) climate change; and (5) the development of tourism. Understanding the current state of the study area and gaining a comprehensive understanding of biodiversity would allow for the most feasible and practical conservation strategies to be suggested for Pu Mat National Park.

Investigation of User Trends and Recreational Service Relations in the Sample of Kadınçayırı Natural Park

With the increasing interest in outdoor recreation activities, the demand for national parks and natural parks also increases. Natural parks are natural parts with vegetation and wildlife features, suitable for public recreation and entertainment in the integrity of the landscape. Unlike National Parks, they are natural parts that have protection, recreation and tourism areas with only natural resource values that are rare nationally and internationally. Today, natural park areas are visited by many people who come for recreation activities. For this reason, recreational activities in natural parks gain importance and take an important place in tourism activities. Kadınçayırı Natural Park, which is the research area, is located between Çankırı and Kastamonu provinces. It has aimed to reveal the recreational potential by evaluating user trends and expert preferences with the surveys conducted in the field. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) analysis has been applied to the obtained data arranged in line with Gülez Method features and it has been determined that the recreational service and potential of the Kadınçayırı Natural Park showed enrichment and there are some criteria that affect the recreational activities in the area and in this context, suggestions have been developed in terms of the Landscape Architecture professional discipline.

Lore Lindu National Park Forest Fire Control Strategy

Forest fire is one of disturbances of the Lore Lindu National Park (LLNP) area caused by the people who live around LLNP. The purposes of this study were to develop a fire control strategy in LLNP area. The research was conducted through survey and interview activities which were completed with a list of questions (questionnaires). Respondents were selected by purposive sampling. Moreover, data analysis used descriptive analysis and SWOT analysis. The results showed that the types is surface forest fires with socio-cultural caused by the community around the LLNP area. Furthemore, the strategy for control forest fire is by empowering local communities in controling forest fires in LLNP.

Strategi Penyelesaian Konflik Tenurial Melalui Kemitraan Konservasi Di Taman Nasional Bunaken (Studi Kasus Pulau Mantehage)

This research aims to analyze stakeholders for the implementation of conservation partnerships on Mantehage Island and formulate strategies for implementing conservation partnerships on Mantehage Island. This research was conducted from April to July 2022. The research method used a qualitative and quantitative descriptive approach. Primary data were obtained through direct interviews with managers of the Bunaken National Park area, village governments and community leaders on Mantehage Island. The questionnaire was conducted on the people on Mantehage Island with a total of 30 respondents who have plantation land on Mantehage Island. Secondary data was obtained from the Bunaken National Park Management Plan document for 2019-2028 as well as village monograph data. The results showed that there were seven stakeholders with the implementation of conservation partnerships on Mantehage Island, namely the Bunaken National Park Office, Local Communities, Village Governments and Non-Governmental Organizations as Key Players; Farmer's Group is located as Subject; Academics/Universities are located as Context Setters and Investors are located as Crowd. The results of the analysis related to the strategy of implementing conservation partnerships on Mantehage Island using the SWOT method show a position in quadrant I, namely supporting an aggressive strategy in which the implementation of conservation partnerships on Mantehage Island is supported by great strengths and opportunities.

Strategi Penanggulangan Gangguan Kawasan Konservasi Di Taman Nasional Bunaken (Studi Kasus Di Pulau Mantehage)

This research aims to explore the factors that cause disturbances in conservation areas and determine strategies for dealing with disturbances in Conservation Areas on Mantehage Island, Bunaken National Park, using a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. The factors causing the disturbance were obtained through observation, questionnaires and in-depth interviews. Furthermore, a SWOT analysis is used to formulate a strategy for overcoming disturbances based on the factors that cause disturbances that have been identified. It was found that the factors causing disturbances in the Bunaken National Park area were: weak law enforcement; lack of trained human resources (Forest Police); limited facilities and supporting infrastructure; and the economic limitations of the local population. Based on the results of the research, the strategy that can be used is the SO Strategy, which uses all the strengths of the organization to take advantage of opportunities. The strategy that can be used is the development of conservation through the protection and enhancement of the conservation of the TNB area by coordinating with communities, groups, institutions and government and developing a conservation partnership program on Mantehage Island through tourism development.

UPAYA ADAPTASI MASYARAKAT MUSLIM DENGAN BUDAYA TRADISIONAL DIKAWASAN SUKU TENGGER

The Tengger Tribe community who lives in the Argosari area in the Tengger Semeru National Park area with all its uniqueness that is able to attract public attention from domestic and foreign tourists. It can not be separated by the local culture of indigenous peoples who persist with all the uniqueness of culture as a characteristic of their personality. The various traditional activities or traditional cultures that develop in the area create unrest for the Muslim minority living in the argosari area. These cultures bring belief in the spirits of the ancestors with the form of offerings, which means they believe in gods other than Allah. The series of customs carried out by the Tengger tribe mostly use elements of Hindu religious culture. So, Muslim minorities are required to be tolerant and broad-minded. The Muslim minority must be selective in taking the positive and negative sides from various existing points of view, and be able to select negative and positive things that can be applied in life.

UPAYA ADAPTASI MASYARAKAT MUSLIM DENGAN BUDAYA TRADISIONAL DIKAWASAN SUKU TENGGER

The Tengger Tribe community who lives in the Argosari area in the Tengger Semeru National Park area with all its uniqueness that is able to attract public attention from domestic and foreign tourists. It can not be separated by the local culture of indigenous peoples who persist with all the uniqueness of culture as a characteristic of their personality. The various traditional activities or traditional cultures that develop in the area create unrest for the Muslim minority living in the argosari area. These cultures bring belief in the spirits of the ancestors with the form of offerings, which means they believe in gods other than Allah. The series of customs carried out by the Tengger tribe mostly use elements of Hindu religious culture. So, Muslim minorities are required to be tolerant and broad-minded. The Muslim minority must be selective in taking the positive and negative sides from various existing points of view, and be able to select negative and positive things that can be applied in life.

The dark side of the Common Agricultural Policy

The dark side of the Common Agricultural Policy

The Level of Beef Cattle Farmers’ Readiness for Livestock Intensification Program Surrounding Baluran National Park Area

Wild grazing is the main problem faced by Baluran National Park (BNP) management. Sidomulyo Hamlet contributed to wild grazing by the cattle number of 2,220 heads. The research aims to assess the community readiness for the intensification program to reduce wild grazing in BNP and formulate alternative strategies to program successfully. The study was conducted in Sidomulyo Hamlet, Sumberwaru Village, Situbondo Regency, from June to October 2021. The location was chosen purposively, considering that it is one of the hamlets directly adjacent to the BNP. The method used a qualitative approach using Community Readiness Model by interviewing 12 key informants, consisting of the representative of BNP management, local government, and local farmers. Data were collected through interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire under Community Readiness Model Handbook. Data were analyzed using Community Readiness Assessment. The results showed that the community readiness score related to the livestock intensification program was 4.43. The level of beef cattle community readiness at the preplanning stage, the program is still in the initial planning stage, aiming to increase awareness of the farmer community with ideas that can reduce the problem. Alternative strategies that should be carried out are: introducing information about the problem, communicating with community leaders, reviewing the efforts made to determine targets and success rates, conducting focus group discussions to discuss the problem and develop strategies, and increasing media exposure. Keywords: Baluran National Park, Community Readiness Model, conservation, wild grazing

Environmental Assessment Of Public Recreation Spaces Of Public Parks In The City Of Knoxville, TN

Public parks provide places and amenities encouraging people to be physically active (PA). The City of Knoxville, TN, a mid-sized city in the Appalachian region, maintains 94 public parks, ranging from pocket parks to larger community parks, in which people can be active. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to profile the physical environmental attributes of this park system relative to infrastructure, aesthetics, and amenities. METHODS: An abbreviated version of the Environmental Assessment of Public Recreation Spaces (EAPRS) tool was used to measure three elements of each park (N = 94). An overall ParkScore (PS), with a possible total of 65 points, was composed of ‘Physical Activity Infrastructure’ in the park across 7 categories: trails, open spaces, pools, beaches, sidewalks, playsets, and athletic fields/courts; ‘Amenities’ captured data on quality items related to seating, restrooms, eating/drinking facilities, bike racks, parking, and signage, etc.; and ‘Aesthetics’ based on items such as the presence of meadows, streams, landscaping. EAPRS scores were compared across the types of parks and access (e.g. greenway links, WalkScore) using SAS 9.4. RESULTS: The overall PS was 15.4 (SD = 7.0). The PA infrastructure score was 5.2 (2.7), aesthetics was 2.9 (1.9), and amenities was 7.3 (3.7). Larger community parks, compared to all other parks, scored significantly higher across all EAPRS elements (p < .0001), but had the lowest access by walking or via public transportation. Natural park areas had significantly fewer elements of PA infrastructure. Amenity scores were significantly higher for community and special use parks. 25.8% of the parks were connected to greenways. These greenway-linked parks had significantly higher PS (20.9 vs. 13.4; p < .0001), PA infrastructure (6.6 vs. 4.7; p < .0039), aesthetics (4.5 vs. 2.3; p < .0001), and amenity (9.9 vs. 6.3; p < .0001) scores. CONCLUSIONS: The attributes of larger community parks are much more likely to attract people for active visits. However, as parks increase in size, fewer people may be able to access them through active transport or public transportation. Smaller neighborhood parks, which are more accessible through active transportation, could be excellent targets for park enhancement, including increases in the physical activity infrastructure.

Flooding and planting density shape forests in an experimental Everglades landscape: Lessons for forest restoration

AbstractTree islands, a prominent feature of wetland landscapes worldwide, are patches of forest scattered throughout a matrix of herbaceous marsh. In the Florida Everglades, their development over millennia as elevated, relatively well‐drained features above the wetland surface has made them cultural centers for indigenous people and refugia for a rich assortment of plants and animals. However, since the early years of the twentieth century, the number and area of tree islands have been roughly halved in Everglades National Park and Water Conservation Areas due to scarce or excessive water levels, leading to fires or persistent flooding, respectively. This loss has prompted a need for tree island rehabilitation or reconstruction within the ongoing state–federal partnership to bring about Everglades restoration. In this paper, we present results of a field‐scale experiment that examined the effects of flooding, planting density, and the size and proximity of neighbors on the performance of native tree species on constructed tree islands. Hypotheses derived using the stress‐gradient hypothesis as a framework were tested at the neighborhood level. Flooding reduced survival and mean tree size 7–8 years after initial planting, while planting seedlings at spacings as close as 1 m apart resulted in higher total biomass, with no significant cost in tree survival. Flood‐tolerant species increased in relative abundance during the study period along the entire hydrologic gradient, while flood‐intolerant species were able to survive only at higher elevations. Crowding effects within neighborhoods varied across the flooding gradient. Survival increased or remained stable as neighbor effects increased in high‐flooding zones, while declining sharply as crowding increased under low‐flooding conditions. Similar results were obtained for the growth of flood‐tolerant species under close spacing, with most showing an increment in growth where flooding was high. These data suggest that tree island restoration can benefit from targeted mixed‐species plantings at variable densities, as the compositional and structural heterogeneity promoted by these measures may increase adaptability and resilience to future uncertainties.

Focus Group Discussion Kualitas Air Danau Toba dalam Penentuan Status Trofik Danau Toba

Lake Toba is a tecto-volcanic lake located in the province of North Sumatra, Indonesia. This lake is the largest lake in Indonesia and Southeast Asia (disbudpar, 2019). Lake Toba has ecotourism, namely Leuser National Park and Forest Area with Special Purpose Aek Nauli, Kawasan Strategi Pariwisata Nasional (KSPN)/Kawasan Pengembangan Pariwisata Nasional (KKPN), namely Lake Toba and its surroundings, and Geopark consisting of Toba Caldera Geopark. This is what makes Lake Toba a tourism potential and a direction of development that needs attention. Currently, the Lake Toba Water Quality Standard is set to Class One as contained in the Governor of North Sumatra Regulation Number 1 of 2009 and the trophic status of Lake Toba is Oligotrophic as contained in the Decree of the Governor of North Sumatra Number 188.44/209/KPTS/2017. The determination of the water quality standard of Lake Toba to be Class One as contained in the Governor of North Sumatra Regulation Number 1 of 2009 and the trophic status of Lake Toba is Oligotrophic as contained in the Decree of the Governor of North Sumatra Number 188.44/209/KPTS/2017 currently does not meet. The purpose of this Focus Group Discussion (FGD) is to get input from FGD participants regarding the water quality and trophic status of Lake Toba. The method implemented is in the form of discussion that discusses the quality of water in Lake Toba. Based on the results of the Focus Group Discussion (FGD), the water quality of Lake Toba leads to the Class Two quality standard and the Trophic Status of Lake Toba leads to Mesotrophs. This is influenced by human activities around the Lake Toba area and natural factors. The impact of decreasing water quality of Lake Toba will be increasingly influenced by the determination of Lake Toba as a Kawasan Strategi Pariwisata Nasional super prioritas. The decline in the water quality of Lake Toba can be managed with the cooperation of all parties, namely the community, businessmen and the government, such as the use of technology, environmental conservation, compliance with permits and others.

Evaluation of the Carbon Sink Capacity of the Proposed Kunlun Mountain National Park.

National parks, as an important type of nature protected areas, are the cornerstone that can effectively maintain biodiversity and mitigate global climate change. At present, China is making every effort to build a nature-protection system, with national parks as the main body, and this approach considers China′s urgent goals of obtaining carbon neutrality and mitigating climate change. It is of great significance to the national carbon-neutralization strategy to accurately predict the carbon sink capacity of national park ecosystems under the background of global change. To evaluate and predict the dynamics of the carbon sink capacity of national parks under climate change and different management measures, we combined remote-sensing observations, model simulations and scenario analyses to simulate the change in the carbon sink capacity of the proposed Kunlun Mountain National Park ecosystem over the past two decades (2000–2020) and the change in the carbon sink capacity under different zoning controls and various climate change scenarios from 2020 to 2060. Our results show that the carbon sink capacity of the proposed Kunlun Mountain National Park area is increasing. Simultaneously, the carbon sink capacity will be improved with the implementation of park management and control measures; which will be increased by 2.04% to 2.13% by 2060 in the research area under multiple climate change scenarios. The research results provide a scientific basis for the establishment and final boundary determination of the proposed Kunlun Mountain National Park.

Polarization among Stakeholders Perception on the Interpretation of Ecotourism Resources in Gunung Halimun Salak National Park

The study of polarization of stakeholder perceptions is important to consider the policies that must be taken by area managers related to the development of interpretation programs in national park areas. This study was aimed to analyze and evaluate the characteristics of the subject of interpretation that are considered important by stakeholders, to analyze the differences in perceptions among stakeholders of the attractiveness of the subject of interpretation and to determine the polarization of perceptions of the subject of interpretation among stakeholders in relation to the management of Gunung Halimun Salak National Park (TNGHS). Stakeholder perception data was obtained by distributing a closed pattern questionnaire. Cluster analysis was used to determine the variety of stakeholder perception in interpretation subjects within the TNGHS area. As for knowing the direction and scale of the polarization of stakeholder perceptions, it was analyzed by Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney test. The results showed that the largest polarization among stakeholders occurred in the cultural subjects, and the direction of polarization was negative. This indicates the weak attractiveness of the subject of cultural interpretation to stakeholders. The greater commonality of perception between the community and managers forms the basis for the development of cultural interpretations. This development is expected to bridge the community's needs for the TNGHS area as well as provide stronger support for the management of the national park area.

Pengembangan Ekonomi Masyarakat Asli Berbasis Komoditi Kayu Putih di Kawasan Taman Nasional

The purpose of this study is to determine determine the cluster of local community comodity development areas, namely eucalyptus oil, development policies and the constraints faced by indigenous people eucalyptus oil business actors. The type of research used is a desciptive qualitative approach. Tehniques of obtaining data are observation, interview and library research. The results of this study indicate that eucalyptus oil has prospect for indigenous people in 4 villages, in the Wasur National Park Area. Wasur Village, Rawa Biru Village, Yangandur Village and Sota Village as cluster of eucalyptus oil business oil development, the obstacles faced are the work spirit and mindset that is not yet oriented to a wider market, the long distance from the source of the leaves to the place of processing, the level of productivity labor force is still low, seasonal dependence, management and competitiveness still low. So that the management development policies adopted are partnership policy, creating of a healty business atmosphere policy and increasing competitivness policy.&#x0D; Keywords: local economy, comodity, eucalyptus oil, policy

IMPLEMENTATION OF AN ONLINE CONCERVATION AREA ENTRY PERMIT (SIMAKSI) SYSTEM IN THE GUNUNG GEDE PANGRANGO NATIONAL PARK AREA 2021

This research is motivated by a problem phenomenon, namely illegal climbers who enter the Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park area without a permit to enter the conservation area (SIMAKSI). In this study using a qualitative research methodology. Data collection techniques used in this study were observation and field studies, interviews, literature studies and qualitative and audio and visual documents. In this study, researchers used triangulation to validate the data, namely source triangulation and technical triangulation. The data analysis used is data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. Based on the results of this study, it shows that the National Park Center has conducted socialization related to the application of the Online Conservation Area Entry Permit (SIMAKSI) policy in the Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park area, so that climbers and the public already know about the application of the Conservation Area Entry Permit (SIMAKSI) policy. Online in the Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park Area. The resources at the Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park Center are sufficient with qualified employees and staff in their respective fields, as well as adequate facilities and infrastructure, such as information&#x0D; Keyword : Implementation, Public Policy, SIMAKSI

First camera trap record of Striped Hyena Hyaena hyaena (Linnaeus, 1758) (Mammalia: Carnivora: Hyaenidae) in Parsa National Park, Nepal

The Striped Hyena occurs in the Tarai and midhill regions of Nepal, where limited information is available on species distribution. A camera trap survey was conducted in Parsa National Park in 2016 (Feb–May) and 2016–2017 (Nov–Feb) to monitor tigers at 158 locations for 21 days (6,615 trap efforts in total). This study successfully captured the 15 hyena images in 5 grids of eastern part (named as extension area) of national park. A total of 17 mammal species were captured simultaneously in hyena captured grid during the survey period. The presence of hyenas in Parsa National Park indicates the collective efforts of the government, conservation organizations and local communities in hyena conservation. A detailed ecological study of this species has been recommended for designing hyena conservation plan in the region.

An Evaluation of National Park System Pilot Area Using the AHP-Delphi Approach: A Case Study of the Qianjiangyuan National Park System Pilot Area, China

With the national park as an important measure of ecological protection, China has started 10 national park system pilot areas. However, the research on the comprehensive evaluation of national park construction and development is insufficient. The main purpose of this study was to establish a comprehensive evaluation index system for the pilot area of the national park system. The method of the Analytic Hierarchy Process combined with the Delphi method by ten relevant experts was used. The comprehensive evaluation index system for the national park system pilot areas was composed of the objective level and the criteria level which includes three items: natural resource conditions; research, education and recreation functions; and protection and management conditions. The indicator level involved seven items and the factor level included 31 items. Furthermore, the weight of each item in these levels was obtained through the Delphi method by the judgement of selected experts. The Qianjiangyuan National Park System Pilot Area (QNPSPA) was selected as the study case for empirical research. The score of the comprehensive evaluation of the QNPSPA was 90.801, which belongs to Grade I in the five catalogues, indicating its comprehensive construction level was very high and its protection and management measures were efficient. However, significant deficiencies also existed in the area suitability, recreation facilities and production, natural resource property rights, human landscape value and ecosystem integrity. To address these problems, five suggestions were proposed. For example, strengthening cross-administrative cooperation and communication, improving the construction of recreational facilities, etc. The evaluation framework proposed in this study could play a positive role in the construction evaluation of the pilot areas of national parks in China and is conducive to promoting the evaluation research of national parks in China and promoting the development of conservation and construction.

Corridor Talk: Conservation Humanities and the Future of Europe’s National Parks

Corridor Talk: Conservation Humanities and the Future of Europe’s National Parks is a DFG-AHRC funded project at the Rachel Carson Center for Environment and Society at LMU Munich (Germany), and the University of Leeds (UK). The project focuses on three European transboundary national park areas: the Pyrenees, the Bavarian Forest and Šumava, and the Wadden Sea Biosphere Reserve. It uses comparative literature, visual ethnography and environmental history methodologies to connect insights into human culture, values, history, and behaviour that are central to humanities and social sciences research to nature conservation science and practice. It aims to foster a conservation that is more culturally aware, more aware of human behaviour and values, and more aware of the ethical complexities of its work by applying the “corridor talk” metaphor in three ways: to address and support the material ecological corridors that link protected sites; to address and support the symbolic corridors that connect governance and cultural perspectives on protected sites; and to bring humanities research into discussions on nature conservation.