Defense Area Research Articles

Systems Engineering Modelling and Simulation to Support Defence Acquisition System

Modelling and Simulations have been applied in various engineering disciplines since the 1990s, especially in the area of defence, being an essential tool in all phases of the cycle of acquisition and in all applications whose main objective are to reduce the time, resources, and risks associated with acquisition, to enable the integrated product and process development, and to improve the quality of the fielded product. One of the main purposes of this research is to demonstrate the importance of Systems Engineering (INCOSE) as part of the defence acquisition system and how this engineering discipline has incorporated the use of Modelling and Simulations into their acquisition-cycle phases and processes.

Официальная помощь в целях развития как аспект австралийско-китайского соперничества в Южно-Тихоокеанском регионе

Due to China's increasing involvement in South Pacific, there is a growing interest on the part of the middle and great powers in providing the Pacific island States with an increasing amount of material assistance. With its unique geographical location, as well as numerous initiatives in the humanitarian, trade, economic and defence areas, Australia's influence is reinforced by its status as the major ODA source in Oceania. At the same time, despite Australia's clear advantage in providing ODA to South Pacific states, the region is attracting an increasing number of countries aimed at providing ODA to South Pacific countries, especially China.

Relationship of Coastline and Mangrove Area in West Rangsang - Indonesia

The coastal zone of West Rangsang is part of the Kepulauan Meranti regency, which directly faces Malacca Strait, which is one of the most crowded channels in the world. However, its shoreline is an open coast, which mostly undergoes local erosion as the defensive areas, encompassing coral rock and mangrove forest, are fragmented by nature and human exploitation. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between the damaged coastline and the mangrove area changes in West Rangsang for the past 20 years. We propose a remote sensing method by satellite imagery to evaluate the coastline changes and the mangrove. Each year, the coastline positions were obtained using data processing involving geometric calibration, image cutting, and extraction. The changes were analyzed by inter-crossing the images of 1997 and 2017, further divided for four periods, i.e., 1997–2002, 2002–2007, 2007–2012, and 2012–2017. The results showed that varying erosion and accretion rates were due to shoreline exposure, strongly associated with the mangrove forests' devastation. However, this caused the physical function loss as an anchor against the coast's wear-out and as a breaker of waves and current approaching the island from the ocean. The stakeholder may use these research results to appropriate measures, such as replanting and creating mangrove-care societies, to conserve and maintain the coast.

Opracowanie zaawansowanego technologicznie systemu informatycznego umożliwiającego zautomatyzowane przetwarzanie informacji zgromadzonych w kryminalistycznych biometrycznych bazach danych w celu zwalczania przestępstw lub identyfikacji osób

Forensic biometric databases are an out of court tool to support the work of law enforcement agencies. They are used to detect the perpetrators of crimes, indicate the connections of a person with previously committed crimes, and allow the identification of living persons and corpses with unknown identity or individuals trying to hide their identity. In police practice, among the methods of identification of living persons and corpses, fingerprint and DNA tests are mainly used. These two forensic areas are supported by such tools such as AFIS (Automatic Fingerprint Identification System) and CODIS (Combined DNA Index System). These are the main police systems operating within two datasets, namely the dactyloscopic dataset and the DNA dataset. The systems are operating in two different locations of the Central Forensic Laboratory of the Police (CFLP). This results in the processing of individual biometric data independently of each other at different times and locations (Fingerprint Examination Department and Biology Department). Currently, there is no comprehensive approach to the collection and processing of biometric data such as fingerprints, DNA or facial images. To improve the exchange of information between police authorities, in July 2019, the Central Forensic Laboratory of the Police submitted a project application, and on 25 November 2019 signed with the National Center for Research and Development the grant agreement no. DOB – BIO10/09/01/2019 for the implementation and financing of the project in the area of state defense and security (competition no. 10/2019) entitled “Development of a technologically advanced information system enabling automated processing of information collected in forensic biometric databases for the purpose of combating crime or identifying people – acronym “BIOMETRIA”.

From a Europe of Bits and Pieces to a Union of Variegated Differentiation

Thirty years after the Europe of bits and pieces of the Maastricht Treaty, the EU legal system has evolved beyond fragmentation to accommodate institutionally structured forms of differentiation. This paper explores several types of new differentiation regimes and argues that they can coexist together without necessarily challenging the unity of the EU legal system. It analyses how the legal system has progressively been adapting to new integration pathways by internalising differentiation and reabsorbing the fragmentation of the Maastricht’s construction. Through the analysis of the Court’s jurisprudence and two case-studies in the areas of economic governance and defence it shows how different strands of differentiation can be blended together in ‘coherent’ differentiated regimes. The paper also considers future differentiation pathways after Brexit and emerging concerns as regards legitimacy and democratic accountability of a differentiated Union.

Ambiguous Policy on Securing the Vital Objects of The Indonesian Armed Forces in East Java

The World Maritime Axis Policy President of the Republic of Indonesia, places the defense sector as one of the main pillars that must be prepared optimally to secure the territory of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. Safeguarding vital objects of the Indonesian National Army (TNI) is a priority to anticipate potential threats. The biggest strength of the Navy is at the East Java 2nd Fleet Command which is very strategic in securing Indonesia's territory, where most of its territory is sea. On this basis, researchers carry out research aimed at analyzing how the security of vital TNI objects, especially in their territorial waters at the 2nd Fleet Command Headquarters, East Java . supporting and inhibiting factors for implementation and formulating the best policy models for securing vital objects. The research method used was descriptive qualitative with a phenomenological approach. The theory used is the theory of implementation of public policy George Edward III. The results showed that the communication variables, dispositions and bureaucratic structures were relatively well run, while the resource variables found inhibiting factors related to the budget, human resources and facilities / infrastructure. As a theoretical criticism in this study, the existence of policy ambiguity in determining the Defense Area Plan (RWP) and the Detailed Defense Area Plan (RRWP) which became the operational basis for securing vital objects, especially the TNI until this research was implemented, did not yet exist. This is due to the strong interests of stake holders related to defense, economic and environmental interests. So in conclusion this research is that the implementation of the policy of securing vital objects of the TNI cannot be realized optimally if there is still policy ambiguity. So that the recommendation of this study is that an independent institution is needed which can be a driving force of policies in the field of national vita object security. Keywords: Vital Object, Indonesian National Armed Forces, Ambiguity DOI : 10.7176/PPAR/10-1-08 Publication date: January 31 st 2020

Propagation of Flood Wave in River and Construction Riverbanks – Example of River Velika Morava

In hydraulics area there is an open space for apply of numerical methods, instead of frequently used empirical formulas. At first place numerical methods may be used in river flow hydraulics and ground water flow. Application of numerical methods is given enough correct results and prediction for all parameters in river flow, that is presented in this paper. Natural phenomenon of flood wave is researched and original numerical method is shown, having calculation of water depth as primary goal. There are different amount of flooding in river in correspondence with event frequency which are monitored through numerical calculation and measuring. Numerical calculation of water depth in huge amount of flooding is important for defined defense areas. In this paper is researched flood wave in river Velika Morava, propagated from city Naissus to measuring station Bagrdan, continuing to city Smederevo where is merged with Danube. Flooding is unsteady flow with dominant part of kinetic energy. Propagation of flood wave is analyzed as plane problem and through numerical procedure are calculated values of water depth. Calculation results of propagated flood wave is treated with measured data water depth H and discharge Q. Presented calculated and measured data are compared and they have small differences, therefor results are acceptable as correct. Whole volume of flooded water in river is analyzed for calculation results correction and average cross section of flow is got.

The 346 Clause of TFEU Regulation in Different EU Member States

The article discloses the fixed exclusion regulation of Clause 346 in the Treaty of Function of the European Union in different EU member states. A further assessment of different relevant judicial approaches to regulation are disclosed and evaluated in accordance with the European Court of Justice case law and procurement in the defense area doctrine.

Review of Normative Documents Applicable in Polish Navy in the Field of Measurement and Minimalization of Ships Physical Fields

Abstract The article presents the general organization and operating principles of the national departmental standardization system. The characteristics of the tasks carried out in the area of defense and security, in the new formal, legal, and organizational conditions related to the passive defense of the Polish Navy ships are presented. In addition, the article contains a brief description of standardization documents in the area of national defense applied in the Armed Forces of Poland. One of the areas related to the passive defense and measurements of physical fields in the Polish Navy was also indicated. Normalization is a way by which the Polish Navy can support the development of the military potential through the introduction of new equipment and weapons, which also contributes to the development of scientific research.

The Level of Psychomotor Abilities as a Factor Differentiating Handball Goalkeepers’ Actions in Saves from the Wing Position

Abstract Introduction. The aim of the study was to determine whether the level of psychomotor skills differentiates the actions of hand-ball goalkeepers in the situation of throws from the wing position. Material and methods. The research material was a video recording of goalkeepers’ saves during throws from wing positions. The research covered 11 goalkeepers who play in PGNiG Men’s Superleague (Poland). Psychomotor skills tests were conducted based on the Vienna Test System. The RT test version S.1 was used to measure simple reaction time, while the RT test version S.3 was used to measure choice reaction time. The ZBA test version S.3 in the linear form was used to measure time-space anticipation. The analysis of saves was carried out according to Norkowski’s concept. Results. We showed a difference in the number of throws after reducing the defensive area between the goalkeepers with higher and lower reaction time values. A high correlation was found rs = 0.62 p < 0.05 between reaction time (RT) and saves after reducing the defensive area with a step out/dive. There is a strong relationship between DT motor time and saves after reducing the defensive area with a step out/dive rs = 0.74, p < 0.05. There is a high correlation between a fast-paced save after a delay and time anticipation rs = 0.64, p < 0.05. Conclusions. The level of psychomotor abilities is a factor that differentiates handball goalkeepers’ actions in saves from the wing position. The level of psychomotor skills and the actions of handball goalkeepers are interconnected.

Implementation Study of Public Policies, Synergity of Policy for Defense Area and National Area Spatial in Grati Pasuruan

The development of a global, regional and national strategic environment has led to the development of factual and potential threats that must be faced by Indonesia. A strong defense is needed that is supported by all available resources, one of which is related to the area of defense. This research will analyze the implementation of defense areas, especially military training areas in Grati Pasuruan. Problems arise in several regions of Indonesia related to defense areas, even to the point of causing fatalities as happened in the TNI AL Grati Pasuruan training area. For this reason, this research is aimed at analyzing how the spatial planning of defense policy is currently implemented. The theory used is the theory of Van Matter and Van Horn policy implementation. The method used in this research is a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. The results showed that the implementation of the defense area policy could not be carried out, due to the finding of inhibiting factors, namely the lack of coordination from the regional government and the Ministry of Home Affairs in planning and ratifying the regional spatial planning, resulting in overlapping in the utilization of an area. The supporting factors are that all policies related to regional spatial regulation already exist. So that in this research suggestion is to bring back an independent government agency, whose task is to coordinate and make decisions regarding spatial planning, this independent institution will act as a policy force driver in national spatial planning. As a recommendation, the Pasuruan Regency regional regulation related to spatial planning to be evaluated and an independent institution be formed immediately by strengthening policies to the operational level. Keywords: Defense Area, Spatial Planning, Implementation DOI : 10.7176/PPAR/9-11-04 Publication date: November 30 th 2019

Diagnostic and Design Approach: Preparation Masterplan Policies of Agroforestry Development in Madiun, Java, Indonesia

Deforestation and degraded forest land will continue to affect climate patterns in various places and trigger an increase in the frequency and intensity of weather events and extreme climate. The impacts felt by the community are quite a lot both in the social, economic, infrastructure, fishery, agriculture, health, tourism sectors, even in the areas of defence and security. Various anticipatory steps need to do by raising awareness of the community and relevant stakeholders to this issue of climate change. One of the actions of climate change adaptation in the capacity building is to encourage the emergence of national and local policies that address the concerns and readiness mitigation to cope with the impacts of climate change on various fronts, particularly in agriculture and food security. This study aims to encourage the preparation of the policy masterplan of agroforestry development as an effort to mitigate climate change in Madiun, East Java, Indonesia. With a Diagnostic and Design approach (D&D), a policy recommendation for agroforestry development in the medium and long-term developed. The result of a D&D approach by the available resource potential, the agroforestry model that is feasible to be developed is agro-silviculture and agro-silvopastoral.

The Role of the Constitutional Regulations in the Area of Security and Defense of the Republic of Poland

The Role of the Constitutional Regulations in the Area of Security and Defense of the Republic of Poland

TRANSVERSALIZAÇÃO DE GÊNERO NAS FORÇAS ARMADAS BRASILEIRAS

Este estudo aborda a temática da transversalização de gênero nas Forças Armadasbrasileiras e as implicações na área da defesa nacional com foco na mulher militar.O tema ganha importância no momento em que as Forças Armadas têm-seempenhado em implementar políticas e ações positivas em reconhecimento àigualdade de gêneros. Nosso objetivo é verificar até que ponto a transversalizaçãode gênero tem sido incorporada pelas Forças Armadas brasileiras e seu impactona segurança, defesa e desenvolvimento nacionais. O referencial teórico quebalizou o estudo foi o multiculturalismo articulado à transversalização de gênero,e a metodologia adotada conjugou pesquisas teórica e documental para desvelarcomo essa questão tem sido tratada por organismos internacionais e nacionaise pelos documentos de defesa brasileiros. A conclusão evidencia a progressivaincorporação da transversalização de gênero nas Forças Armadas brasileiras,enfatizando potenciais, limites e desafios para a construção de uma sociedadelivre de preconceitos e discriminações, contribuindo para a segurança, defesa edesenvolvimento do Brasil.

Towards German leadership? Germany’s Evolving Role and the EU’s Common Security and Defence Policy

In the context of the Eurozone crisis, Germany is widely seen to have emerged as the EU’s most influential member state. More is now expected of Germany also in the area of security and defence, where its ability and willingness to provide leadership have traditionally been highly circumscribed. Currently, Germany’s role in this policy area is evolving. Germany has since 2014 underscored its readiness to assume more responsibility in its foreign and security policy. Against this background, this article assesses German leadership in the EU’s Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP). The article emphasises that leadership in the EU can only be exercised jointly, therefore concentrating on Germany’s ability to act as a ‘co-leader’ or to provide, together with France, ‘shared leadership’. We argue that apart from a short period in the early years of the CSDP, Germany has not been a co-leader in this area. However, the Brexit vote and the dynamics set in motion by Donald Trump’s presidency have spurred Franco-German shared leadership in the CSDP. This shared leadership has then been ‘Europeanised’, leading to some significant steps in the CSDP. The endurance of this leadership remains unclear and depends crucially on the compatibility of French and German strategic views.

Differentiated (Dis)integration in Practice: The Diplomacy of Brexit and the Low Politics of High Politics

AbstractThis article advances a practice approach to differentiated (dis)integration in European security and defence in light of Brexit. We propose that understanding how differentiation in the area of security and defence is given meaning on the ground requires examining the everyday social practices of officials and military professionals. Therefore, we focus on the ‘low politics’ of security and defence cooperation in Europe. We do so by entering the diplomatic engine room in the EU's Political and Security Committee (PSC). We show how arguments that Brexit will either be the ultimate death blow to the EU's Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) or that it will be the catalyst for deeper military cooperation fail to take account of the social dynamics and the historical path of security and military cooperation in Europe. Future research on differentiation should pay particular attention to how such dynamics play out in the everyday social negotiation of meaning among practitioners.

Use of virtual reality simulators for training programs in the areas of security and defense: a systematic review

Virtual Reality (VR) has been applied in training programs in the areas of security and defense, with simulators evolving from basic shooting systems into more immersive situations. In spite of all the efforts that have already been invested into research and development initiatives for such simulators, there are further challenges yet to be overcome. These include new devices of interaction and training modules that enable the recreation of security routines situations, as well as the creation of educational methods using simulation. The main contribution of this paper is mapping the state-of-the-art of VR simulators used on training of security agents and identifying which of them presents some kind of automated or semi-automated performance analysis, as well as research studies with simulators based on different techniques (immersive and non-immersive system). Upon completion of a systematic literature review, the authors detected certain gaps and challenges, such as the complete absence of information about educational methods used in simulation training and the lack of automatic users’ assessments. The assessment systems detected were mainly for gunshot, while a posture assessment system has not been detected. So, it is possible to conclude that the creation of automated evaluation systems with the use of VR simulators remains as a challenge yet to be tackled.

Argentine´s Defense Policy: The “New Threats” and the Presidential Decree 683/2018

This article seeks to analyze the current situation of the Armed Forces (AF) of the Argentine Republic in the face of developments in the global, regional and local context, produced mainly from the end of the twentieth century up to the Present, having profound implications referring to the current legal plexus concerning the topic, defense area budget, its primary and subsidiary functions, as well as the scope of application and the permanent dichotomy (not only in Argentina) that is generated between the concepts of security and defense.

Construction of gradient structure in polyetherimide/carbon nanotube nanocomposite foam and its thermal/mechanical property

MWNTs-COOH@Fe3O4 hybrid with ferromagnetism was prepared and polyetherimide (PEI)/MWNTs-COOH@Fe3O4 nanocomposite foams with continuously gradient structure were fabricated via water vapor-induced phase separation (WVIPS) method under a magnetic field. Along the magnetic field direction, a continuously gradient distribution of MWNTs-COOH@Fe3O4 formed in PEI matrix, while the average cell size gradually decreased, the cell wall thickness and apparent density increased, forming gradient cell structure for the foam. Both mechanical property and thermal stability of the foam were improved by introducing MWNTs-COOH@Fe3O4. For the composite foam, the tensile strength, elongation at break and storage modulus decreased along magnetic field direction, due to enrichment and aggregation of MWNTs-COOH@Fe3O4 in strong magnetic field. Meanwhile, tanδ decreased and thermal degradation temperature increased, revealing formation of gradient distribution of thermal and mechanical property in the foam, which showed potential application prospective in aerospace and defense area.

Mitigation of Blackhole Attack on MANETs using ABC and ANN Algorithm

Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is an important field of research that comprises of moveable nodes. These nodes communicate with each other through wireless links. Therefore, it becomes essential to design a secure network as it finds applications in different fields where data and communication are important like that in defense areas and disaster rescue operations. This paper focuses on detecting Blackhole nodes in MANETs and preventing it from the same. In this work, Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) is employed as a routing mechanism and a secure network is established using Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm as an optimization technique in combination with Artificial Neural Network (ANN) as a classification algorithm to identify the Blackhole nodes. Simulations are carried out in MATLAB and the efficiency of the network in terms of Throughput, Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), End-to-End Delay and Energy Consumption are measured. Throughput and PDR have been increased by 11.11%, 4.9 %, whereas end- to- end delay has been reduced by 4.93% as compared to existing work proposed by Ashish et al.[6].