Campus Area Research Articles

PAVING BLOK K-200 UNTUK AREA PARKIR MOBIL RECYCLE LIMBAH PAVING LAMA

Students use private vehicles with the aim of making it easier to mobilize from their residence to the University Campus environment. This influences the intensity of motorists in the university area to be high, so quality road infrastructure is needed so that students can drive comfortably and safely. One way to develop quality road infrastructure is by installing paving blocks. Generally, apart from installation on university roads, paving blocks are installed on sidewalks, pedestrians, parking areas, even in hotel and factory areas. Apart from roads, parking areas also need to be planned using paving. The ease of installation and costs required are considered cheaper and meet the aesthetic aspect because they have various shapes, making the use of paving blocks increasingly popular. The use of paving blocks as road pavement and parking areas is also needed in the Tunas Pembangunan Surakarata University environment. The conventional method of making paving blocks is done using a block tool with a compaction load that affects the energy of the person doing the work. The materials used in making paving blocks are Portland Cement, sand (old/paving waste), and water. In this research, 6 samples were made, with a ratio of 1:3. After 14 days, a press test of the paving was carried out and it was discovered that the new paving (recycled) had a strength of more than K-200 , so it could be used for roads and parking in the UTP Surakarta campus area.. Keyword: recycle paving, pressure test, old paving, K-200, parking

Effect of Blue–Green Infrastructure in Mitigating Microenvironmental Heat Islands: Field- and Simulation-Based Insights

Urban heat island (UHI) effects, intensified by urbanization and environmental changes, are critical challenges to urban thermal comfort and sustainability. This study investigates the combined role of water bodies and vegetation in mitigating microclimatic heat island effects within a campus area, focusing on their cooling impacts and interactions. Using field measurements and numerical simulations, the research evaluates the cooling effects and wind flow modifications induced by greenery and water bodies in the surrounding environment. The findings demonstrate that both vegetation and water bodies provide a significant cooling effect, reducing temperatures by 0–6 K in downstream regions, with the impact being more pronounced closer to the blue–green spaces. Furthermore, the combined application of water bodies and vegetation offers enhanced cooling effects; however, their influence on the thermal environment exhibits a nonlinear relationship. These results underscore the importance of strategic blue–green infrastructure planning in mitigating UHI effects and optimizing urban thermal environments.

Gatekeeper readiness in suicide risk prevention behavior in higher education nursing

<b>Objectives:</b> The purpose of this study was to assess gatekeepers’ readiness regarding their knowledge, skills, and preparedness for managing suicide risk prevention on campus.<br /> <b>Methods:</b> This research employs a cross-sectional approach through a web-based survey to analyze the implementation of a digital-based suicide risk prevention program model. A random sample of 192 gatekeepers, who are involved in both educational and non-educational services, was selected. Inclusion criteria consisted of gatekeepers who consented to participate and were registered as academic members at Politeknik Kesehatan Surakarta. Data were collected via a survey using a self-developed and validated questionnaire/tool. Statistical analyses to assess gatekeepers’ readiness for handling suicide risk included descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, and t-tests with a 95% significance level.<br /> <b>Results:</b> A total of 192 gatekeepers completed the survey. The average scores for readiness in suicide threat prevention, post-trauma recovery ability, and victim evaluation were 5.00, 5.00, and 5.18, respectively. Overall, the surveyed gatekeepers were inadequately prepared for suicide risk prevention and did not fully understand their roles during both the preparedness phase for suicide prevention and post-trauma situations.<br /> <b>Conclusion:</b> Gatekeepers’ readiness and understanding of their role in responding to the threat of suicide is still low in Indonesia. Therefore, their capacity needs to be improved through ongoing training programs in the form of suicide management simulations and gatekeeper placement in campus areas with cross-sector collaboration with the government, private sector, and community.

Observations on the Composition and Diversity of Ant Communities in Different Habitats in a Campus Ecosystem

Ants are more sensitive to ecosystem changes and their fast response to habitat alterations enable them as a useful tool for natural areas restoration efforts. A preliminary investigation was conducted to determine the diversity and distribution of ants from various habitats selected across the campus of Sree Narayana College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala State. A total of seventeen species belonging to four subfamilies, fourteen genera and 234 individuals were collected. The subfamily Myrmicinae is the most diverse followed by Formicinae, Ponerinae and Dolichoderinae. In the present study, Diversity Index, Dominance index and Evenness index of ant species were determined. Diversity varied from 0.49 to 0.82 indicating low diversity. Dominance index value ranged from 0.17 to 0.47 while Evenness index value from 0.63 to 0.92. The results showed low diversity and dominance of ant species in the campus area indicating the severity of human interference in the campus ecosystem.

Evaluation of Aquifer Protective Capacity Using Electrical Resistivity Method

This study investigates the groundwater potential of Osun State University, Osogbo campus, through an electrical resistivity survey. Using 30 Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) points and the Schlumberger array method, geoelectric parameters such as longitudinal conductance, reflection coefficient, and overburden thickness were analyzed. The resistivity data revealed ten distinct curve types with the H curve type being the most prevalent, representing 30% of the total. The subsurface was characterized by 3 to 5 distinct layers, including topsoil, weathered layers (sandy, clayey, or lateritic), fractured basement, and fresh basement. Results showed a wide range of aquifer protective capacities. Approximately 30% of the VES points exhibited poor protective capacity, while 16.66% showed weak protection. Moderate protection was observed in 6.66% of the points, and fairly good protection in 16.67%. The remaining 13.33% had good protection, with only 3.3% rated as very good. Longitudinal unit conductance values ranged from 0.0563 to 1.1427, confirming the predominance of weak to moderate aquifer protection. Aquifers with low reflection coefficient values (r < 0.8) indicated a favourable groundwater potential but increased vulnerability to contamination. This suggests that while certain areas of the campus are vulnerable to contamination, others may offer better protection for long-term groundwater storage and use. The study underscores the importance of tailored groundwater management strategies, particularly given the rapid population growth and industrial expansion in the region, which could introduce future contamination risks. These findings are crucial for sustainable groundwater management in the campus area, ensuring protection against future contamination threats.

Water–energy–carbon nexus among different functional areas of campus: pattern, flow, and efficiency

Water, energy, and carbon, integral to human activities on Earth, directly influence ecosystems and social development through interactions and utilization efficiency. Campuses, as special societal communities, boast diverse functional areas and dense populations with substantial water–energy consumption and carbon emissions. Taking campus as special case allows effective exploration of water–energy–carbon (WEC) nexus at the micro–community scale, which can promote sustainable development on a wider scale. This study calculated the WEC footprints of a campus to reveal the underlying patterns and flows among different functional areas. The efficiency of WEC utilization was evaluated and key areas of the campus suitable for carbon reduction were identified. Results indicated that the water, energy, and carbon footprints of the campus in 2021 were 2.7925 million t, 582.8 thousand GJ, and 56,315.77 t, respectively. The WEC system exhibited intricate nexuses, and the correlations increased annually with direct nexuses proving stronger. The correlations for the WEC, energy–carbon, and energy–water systems were 0.7462, 0.9227, and 0.6436, respectively. Residential areas exhibited higher totals/intensities and the lower utilization efficiency of WEC. The findings provide a new perspective for optimizing regional human–environment systems with multielement nexuses that could transform campuses into efficient, water–saving, energy–conserving, low–carbon communities adapted to and supporting mitigation of the effects of climate change.

The Relationship Between Knowledge and Personal Safety Skills As A Efforts to Prevent Sexual Harassment in College Students

Sexual harassment ranks first among the cases of sexual violence in educational institutions. The college has become one of the educational institutions with a high case rate. Given that sexual harassment can harm a person as it can have a physical, psychological, and social impact, it is necessary to prevent sexual abuse with personal safety skills consisting of recognize, resist, and report. One of the factors that influences the prevention of sexual harassment is knowledge. The aim of this study is to look at the relationship between knowledge and personal safety skills as behavioral efforts to prevent sexual harassment in students. This research is a quantitative analysis of the type of observational analytics with cross sectional design. Respondents to this study were active students of Airlangga University in the academic year 2023/2024 and a total of 420 respondents were obtained using accidental sampling method. The data collection uses questionnaires and is processed with Spearman's analysis that shows the strength of the relationship. The results show a very strong relationshiip (r=0.824) between knowledge and personal safety skills as an attempt to prevent sexual harassment in students. It is hoped that the campus will maximize its efforts to prevent sexual harassment by increasing the knowledge of students and citizens of the campus about sexual abuse, facilitating training in personal safety or self-care skills, expanding media information and access services for reporting sexual assault, as well as monitoring and periodically evaluating programmes that have been conducted in the campus area.

Contextualizing Co-Working Spaces: User Participatory Approach in Architectural Design Studio

The evolution in our understanding of the notion of 'working' has evolved into a spatially diverse spectrum over the last decades. The era of increasing new definition of working enabling collaboration, knowledge sharing and socializing among users is worth of attention in terms of contextual use. Since the popularity of coworking spaces has increased over years, the variation of use contexts is gradually increasing. Thus, it becomes clearly important for designers to take the phenomenon of target users in specific co-working places into account throughout the design process. This study explores the effects of user participation and limits of actor diversity, with an approach focusing spesifically on the university campus area within the new emerging contextual diversity. User participation design method has been tested in the bachelor degree architectural design studio in the Department of Architecture in Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University. The purpose of this study is providing the understanding of the relationship between design process and behavioral patterns with the knowledge obtained through data collection based on user preferences and final versions of the projects.

The Financial Implications of E-Payment, E-Commerce, and E-Service Quality on Revenue Growth

The rapid growth of financial technology (fintech) has transformed various sectors, including micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in the culinary industry, particularly in the campus area of Jember City. This study explores whether fintech adoption—through e-payment, e-commerce, and e-service quality—impacts the income levels of culinary MSMEs. Using a quantitative descriptive approach and non-probability sampling, the research surveyed 80 culinary MSMEs in the region. The findings reveal that not all aspects of fintech yield the same results. While the adoption of e-payment showed no significant effect on income, as indicated by t-statistics (-1.920 < 1.66515), both e-commerce and e-service quality demonstrated a significant positive impact, with t-statistics of 7.205 and 9.620, respectively (both > 1.66515). These results underscore the importance of focusing on e-commerce strategies and improving service quality as key drivers for enhancing the financial performance of MSMEs in the culinary sector.

Escherichia coli O157:H7 Bacteria Antibiotic Resistant Isolated from Flies at Food Courts in IPB Dramaga Campus

Several human and animal pathogens transmit into the food chain through houseflies as mechanical vectors, one of which is E. coli O157:H7. E. coli O157:H7 can express Shiga toxin (Stx) which can cause diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis, and potentially fatal hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) in humans. Some pathogen strains show resistance against various antibiotics, causing complex health problems. This study aims to analyze the presence of antibiotic-resistant E. coli O157:H7 bacteria carried by houseflies (M. domestica) in the food court IPB Dramaga campus area. Detection of E. coli O157:H7 on fly legs using qPCR method based on MU 7.2.3.32-8. E. coli O157:H7 isolates were tested for sensitivity to the antibiotic’s ciprofloxacin, ampicillin, tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, cefepime, chloramphenicol, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, and ceftriaxone using the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. This study isolated 5 E. coli isolates (5/40; 12.5%), and 2 of them were confirmed as E. coli O157:H7. One isolate of E. coli O157:H7 was resistant against ampicillin and tetracycline, and one isolate was resistant against ampicillin, tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and ceftazidime. The multi-drug resistance was identified only in 1 isolate of E. coli O157:H7.Houseflies collected from the food court have the potential to transmit antibiotic-resistant E. coli O157:H7 around the IPB campus.

MÉTODO TREZENTOS: IMPACTO NO APRENDIZADO DE IMUNOLOGIA – UMA DISCIPLINA DA ÁREA DA SAÚDE

The Three Hundred Method is an active teaching-learning methodology that advocates the construction of learning through peer discussion, from the focus on errors, in a collaborative and mutually advantageous way. Both win in the process: helpers and helped. The work was developed from September/2022 (related to the 2022/1 semester) to June/2024 (related to the 2023/2 semester) for students enrolled in the Immunology discipline of three courses in the health area of the main campus of a federal university in the interior of the state of Minas Gerais, and in the academic semesters of 2022/1 and 2022/2 all students from the three courses participated in the Trezentos Method as a procedural recovery strategy in the discipline. In the following academic semesters (2023/1 and 2023/2) the discipline took place, in the three courses, without the use of the method. The results showed a statistically significant difference between the performance of those who participated in relation to those who did not participate in the method. It is concluded, therefore, that the Trezentos Method is an excellent tool to work on procedural recovery in disciplines in the health area, contributing to the reduction of retention (and consequently dropout) rates that link the various higher education courses in the country.

Diversity of butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) in Universitas Samudra, Langsa

Butterflies are one of the animals that have an important role in human life which is currently recorded totaling around 19,022 species in the world and 1,900 species found in Indonesia. Research on butterflies in the campus area in Aceh has not been done too much, so there is a need for research on butterfly diversity in the campus area, especially in Langsa, Aceh. The purpose of this study was to record the species and to analyze ecological factor of butterflies at Universitas Samudra. Sampling was conducted for 5 times once a week from December 2023-January 2024 by purposive random sampling using sweeping techniques and exploring method in 5 observation locations. The results found 30 species from 5 families with a total of 413 individuals. The most common family is family Nymphalidae as many as 15 species (50%) and the most common species found was Appias olferna with a total of 56 individuals. The data found were analyzed for ecological assessment. The result showed the diversity index with H' value of 2.17-2.82 classified as a medium, an evenness index with E value of 0.87-0.94 classified as high, and a dominance index with D value of 0.07-0.19 classified as low.

An Assessment of the Presence of Clostridium tetani in the Soil and on Other Surfaces.

Standard emergency medicine practice includes tetanus vaccine administration as part of wound care management for patients who are not fully immunized. Since there have been no available studies in the United States reaffirming the prevalence of Clostridium tetani (C tetani) since 1926, we sought to identify its prevalence in a major urban county in the US. We sampled soil, rusted metal, concrete, and dog feces to determine the prevalence of C tetani in a single metropolitan county in the United States. Soil samples and swabs were collected from four locations: the soil of a public park and an elementary school; dog feces from a single public dog park; and rusted surfaces (metal and concrete) in common student areas of a university campus. The presence of C tetani in each sample was determined using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In total, 200 samples were collected, of which 37 (18.5%) tested positive for C tetani DNA. Among the 140 samples taken from the soil, just one (0.7%) tested positive for C tetani DNA. Of the 40 samples of rusted metal and concrete surfaces, 30 (75%) tested positive for C tetani, and six (30%) of the 20 samples from dog feces tested positive for C tetani. We found that C tetani is frequently present on rusted metal and concrete surfaces but rarely in soil samples. Minor wounds contaminated with soil may be considered low risk for tetanus. However, future studies should assess the burden of C tetani in other similar urban, suburban, and rural environments to help determine the threat of C tetani more exactly.

Electrical Resistivity Tomography and Boreholes Data to Investigate the Near-Surface Structure under the Campus Area of Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey (Türkiye)

We study the soil foundation underneath the Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University (ÇOMU) campus, Çanakkale, Türkiye by employing the electrical resistivity tomography – ERT supported by 27 boreholes data. The studied area taking place in southwest Marmara region was historically affected by large earthquakes () created by the North Anatolian Fault system. The boreholes data show that the near surface structure beneath the ÇOMU campus is made of mostly silty sands and marls. A high sensitivity resistivity instrument is used to collect the field data in which nine ERT profiles reaching lengths as long as 315 m are utilized. The current geoelectrical measurements are simulated by using two numerical models to estimate the inversion depth sensitivity from which it is found satisfactory in the depth range 0-30 m and then somewhat decreasing. The observed electrical resistivity values are in the range 2-160 W m. The geoelectrical structure corresponding to the silty sands are represented by low resistivities (<20 W m) while the high resistivity (>40 W m) depth sections are associated with the marl units. The resistivity structure beneath the ÇOMU campus is complex where both low and high resistivity depth sections reside side by side. The groundwater and clay mineralogy contribute to the broad changes in the subsurface resistivities. The groundwater flow below the steep terrain of the ÇOMU campus causes low resistivities (<10 W m) deeper than 10-m depth. The boreholes data superimposed on the two-dimensional (2-D) ERT profiles show consistency with the resistivity-depth distributions at corresponding depths.

Using simulated human comfort matrix to measure urban campus gender-based thermal performances

The study proposes incorporating human bodily comfort performance through a simulation method to assess the impact of urban microclimate conditions in an urban campus area. A human comfort performance matrix is used based on PET value and gender’s thermal stress conditions. The investigation serves as a way to evaluate open spaces’ climatic performance quantitatively through energy simulation. The method shows a way to measure urban comfort regarding gender perspectives early in the urban decision-making process. The findings of this research have practical implications for urban decision-makers to use robust simulation tools to optimize open space configurations based on gender’s thermal performances.

Exploring the Impact of School-Based Physical and Perceived Environments on Students’ Physical Activity During Recess: A Case Study of Four Schools in Xi’an, China

In the context of high academic pressure and inadequate physical activity (PA) among adolescents, it is important to study how the physical environment and students’ perceptions affect their physical activity during school recess. An empirical study was conducted in four secondary schools in Xi’an to gather data on students’ physical activity using DJI Mini Drone recordings and self-reported questionnaires. Three physical activity indices—concentration, type richness and intensity—were visualized and quantified for intercomparison. This study found that physical environmental factors such as the building shape complexity and green space proportion significantly affected the PA concentration and intensity indices, whereas the campus area per student, the average distance to PA facilities and the number of PA facilities indicated a strong correlation with the PA richness index at the school level. Additionally, perceived environmental factors like space safety, facilities enjoyment and visual accessibility exerted influence on the PA intensity and frequency at the individual level. The study’s results confirmed previous findings from a social–ecological perspective and provide a comprehensive assessment framework that includes the spatial organization/spatial quality of the school and the perceived variables of safety, comfort, aesthetics, accessibility and functionality. By incorporating spatial, perceptual and behavioral aspects, this approach provides an efficient and integrated analytical methodology to promote adolescents’ health in school.

Accuracy Investigation on Orthophotos Produced from Digital Aerial Imagery Recorded from Different Altitudes

A digital orthophoto is a topographic image that has a fixed scale like a map and on which values such as coordinates and lengths can be read, which is obtained by eliminating the errors caused by tilts and rotations in aerial images and minimizing the point shifts caused by height differences in the terrain. Digital orthophotos offer more flexible, cost-effective, and higher-quality outputs than classical methods. There is no decrease in the quality of the image as in the analog technique, and it can also be presented quickly and easily in the digital environment. The geometrical accuracy of orthophoto maps used in geomatics applications is of even greater importance. This study compared the orthophoto maps, that have a fixed scale like maps, obtained from digital aerial photographs at a ground sample distance of 7, 15 and 25 cm in 2011 in the campus area of Aksaray University, in terms of their positional accuracy. Orthophoto mosaic images were created using “Erdas LPS” software. When the accuracy are compared, it was found that digital orthophoto maps produced at three different ground sample distances gave us similar results for standard techniques. It was also concluded that the positional accuracy of orthophoto maps for all three ground sample distances was suitable for use as reference and as a base in all application areas, except for those requiring very high accuracy.

Performance and PV benefits analysis of multi-source renewable energy systems for different types of buildings on university campus

Due to the large campus area and high personnel density, universities experience significant building energy consumption. The comprehensive utilization of renewable energy can greatly alleviate energy consumption in higher education institutions. To explore the application prospects of renewable energy systems in universities, this study takes a university in Wuhan as a case example, investigating the performance and potential of various types of Photovoltaic-assisted Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (PV-HVAC) systems. First, the building load was calculated using DeST software. Subsequently, the potential for solar energy application on campus was assessed using a combination of QGIS, Labelme, and Python. Moreover, three types of PV-HVAC systems were designed for five categories of buildings based on their distinct characteristics, and TRNSYS software was utilized for performance simulation and analysis. The results indicate that the annual performance coefficients of the three systems are 3.8, 3.2, and 4.5, with corresponding annual energy self-sufficiency rates of 114 %, 72 %, and 32 %, respectively. Finally, the overall energy self-sufficiency rate of the PV-HVAC system across the campus is 65 %. This research provides valuable insights for achieving nearly zero-energy HVAC systems in university campuses.

Study of pleasantness maps and perceived predominant sound sources in a university campus soundscape analysis

The soundscape within a University campus is very complex, covering different environments, such as quiet areas to enhance focus during work and study sessions, parking lots, internal road networks, but also vibrant spaces for leisure purposes. These aspects depict University campuses as a perfect example for exploring complex soundscape analyses, and innovative methodologies for its assessment and mapping. This study presents and explores field data regarding the soundscape in selected points of the Fisciano campus of the University of Salerno (Italy) collected during a soundwalk, as well as pleasantness data obtained in crowdsourcing mode during NoiseCapture parties in the campus area. The soundwalk has been performed according to the ISO 12913, while the crowdsourced data was gathered using the NoiseCapture app. Maps of the soundscape pleasantness have been obtained using an interpolation approach on the crowdsourced data, validated on the soundwalk results and merged with the land use and facility map, to investigate the main role of sound sources in the soundscape's pleasantness rating. The results have been also compared with the predominance rated during the soundwalk. By comparing physical parameters, pleasantness data, and perceptual aspects, this study offers interesting insights on the complex soundscape of the university setting.

Looking at the Audial Quality of the Auditorium in the Campus Area: Auditorium of the Faculty of Economics and Business Education, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia

Abstract An auditorium, a fairly large room, can do many things, especially in higher education. It can help both academic and non-academic activities. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the noise level that can affect the hearing comfort of people using the auditorium room in the campus area. The main purpose of this study is to determine the quality of sound that is considered comfortable in the Auditorium Room from the influence of noise generated by motorized vehicles and tools that are in the process of construction around Building A of the Faculty of Economics and Business Education. The prominent noise comes from passing vehicles and the sound of carpentry tools that are building or repairing buildings around it. To determine the sound quality in the auditorium, this research uses a case study with quantitative descriptive analysis. To collect data, this study used the Decibel X Sound Meter application. The noise level around the Auditorium outbuildings was analyzed with NoiseTools and IBANA-Calc. Based on the Decree of the Minister of Environment Number KEP-48/MENLH/11/1996 on environmental noise. The simulation results of Noise Quality at the Auditorium of the Faculty of Economics and Business Education showed results at -8 dB which means very good and comfortable.