Arduino Uno Microcontroller Research Articles

MODEL KONTROL OTOMATIS PENGAIRAN HIDROPONIK DENGAN METODE FUZZY

Recently, many hydroponic farms have emerged. This is due to the increasingly limited agricultural land and also as a way to fill time during the Covid-19 pandemic. In hydroponics, the role of water as a planting medium plays a very dominant role. This is because air is a solvent for the nutrients that plants need. So air is a key factor in poverty in the Hydroponic farming system. That need to be considered when choosing water for hydroponic cultivation is that it is based on the air acidity value. The air acidity value is important as a parameter that influences plant growth in the hydroponic cultivation method. The ideal temperature value ranges between pH 5.5-6.5. In Cangkringsari Village, Sukodono District, Sidoarjo Regency, Karang Taruna Tunas Cangkring has tried to develop hydroponic farming, but because the supply of acidic air with a pH that is not ideal causes plant growth to be poor. Therefore, an automatic control model for hydroponic irrigation is needed. The method developed uses the Fuzzy method. The Fuzzy method applied functions to control the air pump automatically, so that the Arduino Uno microcontroller and the 4502c pH sensor combined can detect the pH of the nutritious air that will be given to hydroponic plants in the range of 5.5 to 6.5. The application of the Fuzzy method can be applied to drive the nutrient pump perfectly so that with its application it can maintain the air pH in the specified range.

Battery Management System Using IoT

Abstract: This study presents an Arduino-based system for advising users of nearby EV stations and tracking the status of their automobile batteries. The MQ-2 gas sensor, DHT11 temperature sensor, and DC voltage sensor are the three main sensors that the system interfaces with through the use of an Arduino Uno microcontroller as the central controller. When the battery temperature rises over safe limits, the DHT11 sensor monitors it and sends out alarms. By detecting gases being released into the atmosphere, the MQ-2 gas sensor warns customers of possible battery problems. Through the use of a Java web application, the DC voltage sensor suggests local EV stations and notifies users when levels are low. The sensor measures voltage and percentage. By delivering timely alerts and making charging facilities easier to use, this integrated solution raises user awareness of battery health and promotes safer driving. By fusing Arduino technology with sensor data and web application capability, it illustrates how IoT can be used practically in the automotive industry.

Multi-Purpose Tracker Robot

Abstract: This paper introduces a multi-purpose tracking robot designed with Arduino, ultrasonic, infrared sensors, and motor drivers. The robot is capable of performing diverse tasks such as obstacle avoidance, line following, and object tracking. Its hardware comprises an Arduino Uno microcontroller, ultrasonic sensors for distance measurement, infrared sensors for line detection and obstacle avoidance, and motor drivers for controlling DC motors. The software, developed using Arduino IDE, includes algorithms for sensor data processing, decision-making logic, and motor control. By implementing PID control algorithms, the robot achieves enhanced stability and accuracy in navigation tasks like motor speed control and line following. Experimental results validate its effectiveness in various scenarios, showcasing its potential for advanced robotics and automation applications through intelligent sensor integration and control strategies.

A System of IoT Devices to Prevent Under-Loading Over-Loading of Cargo Vehicles

Efficient and safe cargo transportation is a cornerstone of modern logistics and the loading of cargo vehicle is a crucial aspect of this process. This project introduces a comprehensive system of IOT Devices designed to prevent both under-loading and overloading of CARGO VEHICLE.The system incorporates an Arduino UNO microcontroller, load cells for load detection, MEMS sensors to act as virtual doors for theft detection, IOT modules for sending SMS alerts and cloud data upload, GPS for location tracking and information sharing and an LCD display for data visualization.

The Solar Tracker Prototype Based on Arduino Uno

The placement of solar panels to capture solar energy is generally installed in a certain and fixed position (static). The dynamic change in the sun's position from east to west at any time means that the solar panels absorb less energy. So, installing an automatic driving device on the solar panel to adjust its perpendicular position to the sun's rays is very necessary. This Solar Tracker tool has 4 light sensors that function to identify the intensity of sunlight as a signal entered by the Arduino Uno microcontroller. This information is then processed to become a signal to drive horizontal and vertical servo motors. The shaft of this motor is connected to the mechanical circuit of the solar panel via a gearbox to carry out movement. A comparator will compare sunlight information and a reference voltage to control the rotation of the servo motor which can determine the time needed for the motor to rotate or stop. The research results on solar panels using a tracker were that the best voltage and current values were obtained between 12.00 – 13.00 WIB with an average voltage value of 11.45 V and an average current value of 0.49A.

Design an Earthquake Early Warning System Based on Arduino Uno Microcontroller with Accelerometer-MPU6050 sensor and NodeMCU-ESP8266

Geographically, Indonesia is located in three rings of active plates and surrounded by various active mountains that make Indonesia prone to earthquakes. When the earthquake occurred, there were still many people who were late in getting information to carry out the early evacuation process. This research aims to provide solutions to people who are late in receiving earthquake information by developing a microcontroller-based earthquake early warning system alarm with MPU6050 accelerometer sensors and NodeMCU ESP8266 to minimize possible losses. This research uses the Research and Development method with the ADDIE development model, to develop an Arduino uno-based earthquake alarm from previous research. This research uses a literature study system for analysis of earthquake problems when an earthquake occurs. The results of this study are in the form of a tool equipped with an Arduino Uno microcontroller system, where the earthquake warning system is run according to the system design. The tools developed were validated by three expert lecturers using validation questionnaires. Data analysis was carried out quantitatively to determine the feasibility of Arduino-based earthquake early warning tools using the Likert scale. Based on the average results of validation tests by experts, 91% of earthquake early warning tools developed are in the very decent category. Based on the trials carried out, the tool can provide warnings to the public directly

Solar Powered Air Purification and Cooling

This paper presents a pioneering approach to address indoor air quality challenges in urban residential spaces through the integration of solar power and advanced technology. The developed system leverages dual-axis solar tracker technology for efficient energy harvesting and storage, ensuring continuous operation. Automation driven by energy-efficient algorithms orchestrates indoor air filtration using sensors and advanced filters to remove dust and toxic gases effectively. A key innovation is the integration of renewable energy with air purification, contributing to sustainable urban practices and healthier living environments. Central to this system is an intelligent air quality monitoring framework, based on the Arduino Uno microcontroller, facilitating real-time assessment of indoor air quality. Rigorous testing and residential experiments validated the system's capability in accurately monitoring air quality indicators. The findings highlight the potential impact of this system in mitigating the transmission of airborne viruses and pollutants, thereby enhancing indoor air quality significantly. This project represents a crucial step towards creating sustainable and healthier urban living environments. Key Words: indoor air quality, solar power, air purification, intelligent monitoring, urban sustainability.

IOT Soft Starter Revolutionizes Single-Phase Induction Motor Control

Induction motors often face issues with large initial currents that can disrupt networks and damage the motors. This study designs a soft starter for single-phase induction motors using an IoT-based Arduino Uno system to regulate initial current surges and enable remote monitoring via the Blynk App. The system uses the AC Light Dimmer module controlled by Arduino Uno and Wemos D1 Mini microcontrollers, with the PZEM-004T sensor detecting current and voltage. Experimental results showed a significant reduction in initial current, averaging 0.48 A and 201.90 V within 10 seconds. Additionally, the system allows for monitoring from up to 16 km away using an Android smartphone, providing an effective solution for managing induction motor performance and ensuring reliable operation. Highlight: Renewable technology for controlling single-phase induction motor initial current. Software and system flowcharts illustrate IoT-based motor control. Significant reduction in initial current demonstrated in induction motor testing. Keywoard: Induction Motors, Soft Starter, IOT, Arduino Uno, Remote Monitoring.

Design and Construction of Voice Controlled Home Automation using Arduino

System automation has been widely researched in the twenty-first century due to its essential role in daily life. The fundamental advantage of an automated system is its ability to reduce human stress and minimize errors. Over the past few years, there has been a swift shift from traditional switches to switches equipped with remote controls. Currently, the presence of conventional wall switches distributed around the house poses challenges in terms of use, especially for individuals who are elderly or have physical disabilities. Due to technological advancements, mobile smartphones are now affordable for all individuals. Android devices are becoming equipped with applications that aid in multiple ways. Another new technology is the Google speech recognition APIs, which enable voice-based system command and control. This study demonstrates the implementation of voice-controlled home automation using the Arduino Uno microcontroller. Users of this system will be able to exercise full authority over every domestic device through spoken commands. The control circuit consists of an Arduino Uno microcontroller that receives and interprets voice commands from an Android smartphone equipped with the corresponding application. While the Bluetooth module shares signal data after establishing a wireless link between the microcontroller and the smartphone, the relay regulates device switching.

Fire Fighting Robot with SMS and Call Alert

In emergency situations such as fire outbreaks, timely intervention is crucial to minimize damage and ensure safety. Traditional fire-fighting methods often face challenges in reaching remote or hazardous locations promptly. To address this gap, we present a pioneering solution in the form of a "Fire Fighting Robot with SMS Alert." Our project integrates advanced hardware and software components to develop a robust system capable of autonomously detecting smoke and fire, and alerting the relevant authorities through SMS. The hardware design involves equipping a mobile platform with hit-sensing sensors for detecting impacts and smoke. Software development utilizes the Arduino IDE to program the Arduino UNO microcontroller, enabling efficient control and communication. Through meticulous implementation and rigorous testing, our project demonstrates promising results. The robot effectively senses fire and smoke, triggering immediate SMS alerts to designated recipients. Additionally, upon completion of its tasks, the robot initiates a call to the owner for further instructions, ensuring comprehensive response capabilities. This paper highlights the significance of our contribution to the field of emergency response systems, offering a practical and innovative solution to enhance safety and mitigate risks in fire incidents. The outcomes of our project provide valuable insights for future developments in Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, with potential applications in various domains beyond fire-fighting scenarios. Key Words: Fire Fighting Robot, SMS Alert, Emergency Response, Robotics, Arduino, Hardware Design, Software Development, etc.

Automated Solar Grass Cutter

These days the computerization assumes vital part in the field of creations and furthermore mechanization is becoming quickly. Along these lines, it assumes vital part in the existence of people. Previously, the grass cutter was dealt with physically that is by human contact and furthermore, they require fuel or energy for working, Due to this there is parcel of loss of fuel and energy and it causes contamination as fuel is utilized for running the gadget The necessity of electrical energy is developing at exceptionally quicker rate as the utilization of electrical gadgets is expanding and the huge measure of ventures and the apparatuses. Solar energy is a best free wellspring of the energy, we are likewise running out of energizes. The traditional grass cutter is expensive and its support cost is extremely high. In this way, we need to supplant the ordinary grass cutter to the new computerized solar force based grass cutter to stay away from the above downsides. This model is prudent as contrast with the traditional one. The fundamental witticism of this gadget is to make a grass cutter that sudden spike in demand for solar force energy, hence to save the electrical energy and to decrease the human interface. In this undertaking we use Arduino UNO microcontroller for controlling the activities of a grass cutter, the grass cutter has given Ultrasonic sensor for hindrance location, an edge for cutting the grass, and DC motors for the wheels of the Robot. It is completely computerized and sustainable power based venture. Grass cutter works consequently in this manner it doesn't need any talented individual to work the gadget.

ALAT PERAGA ELEKTRONIK BERBASIS ARDUINO DENGAN KELUARAN CAHAYA DAN SUARA UNTUK PENGENALAN WARNA BAGI BALITA

Recognizing the color of an object is a basic thing that must be taught to toddlers. This research aims to design and realize a color recognition teaching aids for toddlers, designed using an electronic device based on an Arduino Uno microcontroller with output in the form of audio sound and light. This tool consists of: an object in the form of a colorful plastic ball, an input device in the form of a TCS230 color sensor, a processing and controlling device in the form of an Arduino Uno microcontroller, and output devices in the form of a DC servo motor, RGB LED strip, and loudspeaker. Based on the results of measurements and tests that have been carried out, the Arduino Uno microcontroller can function to control all input and output devices. The TCS230 color sensor successfully detected the color pixel value (RGB) of the object, and issued wavelength information in the form of frequency quantities. The DC servo motor can move to direct the object to the mouth of the slide pipe. The loudspeaker can produce audio sounds according to the name of the object's color. RGB LED strips can emit light according to the color of the object. Overall, the results of the design and realization, measurement and testing of color recognition teaching aids for toddlers are in accordance with what was planned.

Wired Fingerprint-Based Classroom Attendance System for Secured Student Attendance Archiving Using Arduino UNO Microcontroller

This study, which successfully addresses the shortcomings of traditional attendance-checking methods, such as human error, that are inevitable in manual attendance systems given the fact that it is time-consuming. Paper-based systems can be susceptible to forgery, as students may attempt to sign in on behalf of absent classmates. This undermines the integrity of attendance records. Introduces a fingerprint-based classroom attendance system designed using the Arduino Uno microcontroller. The research explores the feasibility of fingerprint biometrics for identity verification in educational settings. Using Arduino Uno, Fingerprint Sensor, RTC Module, and the LCD Monitor the researchers successfully developed a working prototype for the Wired Fingerprint-Based Classroom Attendance. 600 tests were applied to collect the (1.0) lowest and (2.0) highest time of the fingerprint sensor and calculate its average (1.7). The developed system operates offline, storing data securely on an SD card, making it particularly suitable for institutions in areas with restricted internet access. Comparative performance evaluations against conventional pen-and-paper methods highlight the fingerprint-based system's notable capacity, accuracy, positioning it as a transformative tool to enhance attendance tracking procedures and eliminates attendance-related issues to improve overall classroom operations.

AC-Duino Kit: Enhancing the Teaching and Learning Experience of Root-Mean-Square Current in Alternating Current through Arduino Microcontroller Application

Root-mean-square current in alternating current is an abstract concept that appears challenging to students in the absence of any hands-on experimental tool. Therefore, the AC-Duino Kit, utilising an Arduino Uno microcontroller and ACS712 current sensor, is developed and used in an experiential learning activity involving real-life household electrical appliances to enhance this topic's teaching and learning experience. Two-cycle action research was conducted on forty-six students undertaking a one-year matriculation program with data collected from document analysis, interview, and observation. The result shows that the students could relate root-mean-square current to power consumption, differentiate between heat and motor appliances, and relate peak current to electrical safety. The study confirmed that this activity could bridge the theoretical concept to real-life applications.

Development of DC Motor Speed Control Using PID Based on Arduino and Matlab For Laboratory Trainer

DC motors are widely used as propulsions, including in electric bicycles. The problem faced by students in the DC motor control laboratory working using software simulation is that they do not have practical learning experience using digital instruments. This article aims to develop a DC motor speed control that can be used to learn practical Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) control in the laboratory. The DC motor speed control was developed using a combination of Arduino UNO microcontroller and Matlab software. The PID method was used because it is still broadly studied and applied in industries. The test results showed that the developed trainer can work well with PID variable values that can be entered via the keypad, and DC motor transient responses can be displayed in Matlab. From the experimental results, it was found that the optimal PID variable values were Kp=0.04, Ki=0.05, and Kd=0.004, where the controller produced a low overshoot value, i.e., 0.73% of its set point and a settling time of 10.66 seconds. The test results of using the developed trainer in the Fundamental of Control Engineering laboratory work showed that the developed trainer gave students practical learning experience in designing PID control for DC motor speed by using digital equipment, i.e., microcontroller and actual DC motor as well as analyzing its corresponding transient response in Matlab software environment

Optimized water management for precision agriculture using IoT-based smart irrigation system

This project introduces a Smart Irrigation System aimed at enhancing water efficiency in agriculture through the integration of an Arduino Uno micro-controller and a variety of sensors. The system incorporates a soil moisture sensor, a DHT11 sensor for monitoring temperature and humidity, an LCD, a buzzer for alerts, and a relay module to control a pump motor. The main goal is to create an automated irrigation system that adjusts to environmental conditions, thereby optimizing water usage for plant growth. The soil moisture sensor continuously evaluates soil moisture levels, while the DHT11 sensor keeps tabs on temperature and humidity. The Arduino Uno processes this data and displays it on an LCD screen. When the soil moisture falls below a predefined threshold, the system activates a buzzer and triggers the relay to turn on the pump motor. The LCD provides real-time feedback on environmental conditions and the irrigation status. This Smart Irrigation System offers several advantages, including water conservation, energy efficiency, and improved plant health. By automating irrigation based on real sensor data, the system minimizes water wastage and ensures that plants receive optimal moisture levels. Additionally, temperature and humidity monitoring contribute to effective microenvironment management. The project serves as a demonstration of IoT-based solutions for agricultural challenges, featuring a modular design that allows for scalability. Future developments may include incorporating additional sensors, enabling wireless connectivity for remote monitoring, and integration with weather data. In summary, the system provides a practical and cost-effective solution for sustainable agriculture, promoting water conservation and efficient farming practices.

Smart spirits: an integrated IoT-based liquor and health monitoring system

This project entails the development of a comprehensive health monitoring system utilizing Arduino Uno, a range of sensors (including alcohol, pulse, and DHT11), an LCD display, and a GSM module for data transmission to the Thingspeak application. Its objective is to monitor vital health parameters such as temperature, humidity, pulse rate, and alcohol levels in real-time, accessible via the Thingspeak mobile app. Key components include an Arduino Uno microcontroller, DHT11 sensor for temperature and humidity, pulse sensor for heart rate, alcohol sensor for detecting alcohol levels, LCD display for immediate feedback, and a GSM module for remote data transmission. The user-friendly Thingspeak app serves as an interface for seamless health metric monitoring. The system operates by collecting sensor data, displaying it locally on the LCD screen, and simultaneously transmitting it to the Thingspeak app via GSM communication. Users can then access the app to visualize and monitor their health metrics in real-time, allowing for prompt interventions or medical assistance if needed. The code implementation integrates sensor readings, LCD display control, and Thingspeak functionality. Leveraging Thingspeak's cloud-based platform enhances usability and accessibility, making remote health monitoring feasible. This system offers a versatile solution for individuals looking to efficiently track and manage their well-being, thanks to the integration of Arduino Uno, sensors, Thingspeak features, and GSM communication, making it suitable for both local and remote health monitoring applications.

An Economical Sensor-Based Automated Plant Watering System for Smart Irrigation

Lack of water results in a reduction in photosynthesis in plants and crops. Plants are significantly affected when the soil water level is depleted thereby resulting in low production in the agricultural sector which can lead to a reduction in food supply. This problem makes water supply and management highly necessary for plants to grow effectively. Over the past century, the rate at which water usage has increased globally has increased at a rate higher than that of population growth. Particularly in dry regions, an increasing number of regions are now using more water than they can sustainably provide. The traditional watering techniques, such as sprinklers and flood mode, are ineffective and those not supply the ideal needs of plants because some plants do not need excess water to grow. This also results in water wasting. These ineffective irrigation systems often provide habitat for organisms that carry illnesses. Research has established that excessive water spillage and stagnant water can be habitat for mosquitoes which can also be dangerous to human health. Therefore, watering plants must be done intelligently, by developing an intelligent system that can regulate the content of water needed to water a plant in accordance with their needs and the moisture content of the soil. This will also reduce the spillage of water. In this study, an automated plant watering system that monitors the soil's moisture level to determine when watering plants is necessary was developed using hardware components such as Arduino UNO (Microcontroller), soil moisture sensor, pump, relays, wires, sprinkler and software instructions to drive the hardware components. An economical watering system was designed. The system was tested and can be effectively used in small gardens and big crop fields.

IoT-Enabled Automated Teller Machine (ATM) Theft Detection and Automatic Apprehension System

In this study, we present a cutting-edge IoT- based security system tailored for Automated Teller Machines (ATMs) with a primary focus on theft prevention. The core component of the system is an Arduino Uno microcontroller that orchestrates the seamless integration of various devices. A MEMS sensor strategically placed on the ATM door detects tilting, signaling potential unauthorized access. Upon detection, a servo motor is activated, releasing harmful gases as a deterrent to intruders. Simultaneously, a loud buzzer alerts nearby individuals, and an SMS notification is dispatched to predefined contacts to notify relevant authorities. To ensure the prompt containment of the situation. To augment the system's surveillance capabilities, an IP camera is incorporated to provide real-time streaming of the ATM's surroundings. This live feed enhances monitoring and allows for remote assessment of potential security threats. The integration of an LCD display serves as an intuitive user interface, offering real-time status updates and feedback on the security system's functionality. By combining these components, our proposed IoT-based ATM security system aims to deliver a comprehensive solution that not only deters potential theft but also actively responds to security breaches, ensuring the safety and integrity of ATM operations. Keywords: ATM, Theft Detection, Servo motor, DC Motor, Harmful gasses.

Exploration of Digital Filter on Cardiac Monitor through Carotid Pulse and PCG (Phonocardiogram)

Heart defect early detection and correct diagnosis have become important healthcare priorities. Tools for monitoring cardiac problems are constantly being developed, with the PCG (Phonocardiogram) and Cardiac Monitor via Carotid Pulse essential for heart evaluation. Although condenser microphones embedded in electric stethoscopes have been used in past research as PCG sensors, more advancements are still required to reduce received noise. This study investigates how well a Chebyshev type-II digital filter works to reduce noise on the cardiac monitor using PCG and carotid pulse. The PCG sensor is the GY-MAX 9814 module, which is interfaced with an Arduino Uno microcontroller. Matlab, Visual Studio (used as a graph viewer), and Doppler Simulator (used as a phantom cardiac signal) are used. SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio) is used in the analysis to assess the effectiveness of two digital filter orders. The average SNR value for the Doppler Simulator is 0.001404 dB at order 2, however, it climbs dramatically to 18.60023 dB at level 4 according to the results of the SNR analysis. The average SNR value in human signals is 11.50718 dB before the filter, 0.001404 dB after the post-order 2 filter, and 12.0009 dB after the post-order 4 filter. According to the results, the digital filter of order 4 is more effective in reducing noise. This study highlights the possibility of an order 4 digital filter to improve the Cardiac Monitor through PCG and Carotid Pulse. Through enhanced signal quality, the creation of this gadget holds the potential for streamlining the identification of cardiac problems. Future developments in this technology could lead to more precise and trustworthy cardiac exams, which would help with early diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular health.