Arduino Programming Research Articles

Development of 3D-Printed Agricultural Drone (Ardufarmer)

This study addresses the labor crisis that the agriculture industry faces and the need for an alternative planting technology for farmers. Ardufarmer is a seed sowing machine that combines the emerging additive manufacturing technology and quadcopter robotics to form an alternative broadcast farming method that efficiently covers a given land area in the least amount of time through planting toolsets: seed reservoir, dispenser valve, drill, Arduino, and GPS programming. The quadcopter development includes designing the drone fuselage and seed dispenser, three-dimensional printing (3D printing) the parts under different settings, simulation and analysis of 3D-printed parts, and programming the Arduino board and GPS mechanism. The drone was tested in different land areas in terms of time spent. The study shows that the planting rate of the drone is more efficient at 36.41 seconds in 50 square meters than manual planting at 144 seconds in 50 square meters. The Ardufarmer was tested in terms of height, time spent, and spreading diameter in different land areas. The device can effectively sow seeds in 12 seconds per square meter. The study also shows that the minimum percentage relative time saving of the proposed drone technology is 74.72%.

Building Smart House based on Speech Detection and Recognition System

Technology in all areas has entered into life in homes (achievement of housework), streets and work, in order to facilitate life matters and saving effort and time, also, the technology has entered the areas of entertainment and communication and achievement of works even remotely and achievement of work that needs strength and short time. Also, artificial intelligence has entered various applications to improve its performance; this research will offer one of the smart technology applications, which is the smart home where the instructions can be handled and performed through speech, in order to add more facilities to our lives and help some people (e.g., elderly or disabled people who live alone) who have difficulty to move and handle the regular appliances in the house. And due to the lack of voice command recognition research in Arabic has resulted in making It difficult to stratify smart house voice command services, especially in the Middle East. Speech recognition is also a nontrivial task in the processing of natural language; this proposed smart house system is based upon detection and recognition of the speech in the Arabic language. Arduino programming was used to accomplish this system.

ESP32-CAM as a programmable camera research platform

Experimenting with custom-programming of cameras can be difficult. Most consumer cameras are protected to prevent users from reprogramming them. Industrial cameras can be flexibly controlled by an external computer, but are generally not stand-alone programmable devices. However, various inexpensive camera modules, designed largely to be used for building IoT (Internet of Things) devices, combine extensive programmability with a camera in a compact, low-power, module. One of the smallest and least expensive, the ESP32-CAM module, combines a 2MP Omnivision OV2640 camera with a dual-core 32-bit processor, 802.11 WiFi and BlueTooth as well as wired I/O interfaces, a microSD slot, low power modes, etc., all supported by the Arduino programming environment and a rich collection of open source libraries. Why not use it for programmable camera research? This paper describes how the ESP32-CAM had to be adapted to enable use in a variety of experimental cameras. For example, some of these cameras do not use the lens screwed and glued onto the OV2640, and replacing this lens revealed a number of issues ranging from spectral response to adjustment of lens corrections. There are numerous strange interactions between different functions that end-up sharing the same I/O pins, so work-arounds were needed. It also was necessary to devise ways to handle various higher-level issues such as implementation of a live view and synchronization across cameras. However, the key problems have been resolved with open source software and hardware designs described here.

Design and Construction of a Smart-home Automation System (SHAS) using Nodemcu and Google Assistant

This paper presents the design and construction of a smart-home automation system using nodeMCU and Google assistant. The device consist of Enhanced Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (EUSART) module that contains all clock generators, shift registers and data buffers necessary to perform an input or output serial data transfer independently of the device program execution. The NodeMCU (ESP8266) Wi-fi Shield connected the microcontroller to the provided Wi-fi network. The Arduino and MPLAB Programming Interface with the help of PICKit3 were used to run the code on PIC16F877A. Home appliances were controlled via a web page created using IFTTT for the voice command and the Blynk app for controlling hardware remotely and also display sensor data. IFTTT is a simple to use internet service that easily enables IoT devices to GET and POST data. The device was constructed based on low cost and reliable home controlled monitoring system for accessing and controlling electronics appliances remotely using any Smart phone with access to Google assistance or Computer web application. The device was test under different electronics appliances with different voltage capacities and was found efficient. Therefore, this device when used is capable of improving the living standard at home, reduces human effort, save energy and time thus make homes have sufficient automation.

Research and Development of Real-time High-precision GNSS Receivers: A Feasible Application for Surveying and Mapping in Vietnam

In recent years, the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) has been widely applied insurveying and mapping. Currently, in Vietnam, dual-frequency GNSS receivers are quite extensivelyapplied with the real-time kinematic (RTK) measurement technique using a continuously operatingreference station network. However, high-accuracy GNSS receivers are often expensive, sometimes notmeeting the needs of users for specific applications. This research develops two types of low-cost highprecisionGNSS receivers for RTK positioning for different purposes. First, the millimeter precisionGNSS receiver used in real-time displacement monitoring is based on Trimble's BD970 mainboardtechnology and some other modules. These components are interconnected according to a standarddesign scheme and assembled in an enclosure to form a GNSS receiver. In addition, a GNSS datatransmission in the National Marine Electronics Association standard format by Networked Transport ofRadio Technical Commission for Maritime Services via Internet Protocol (NTRIP) has beendesigned and developed. The GNSS receiver after development is loaded with program code written inthe C# programming language, using the Arduino programming tool. Second, the GNSS receivers havethe centimeter accuracy for RTK positioning used in surveying and mapping based on U-blox'smainboard technology and some other modules. These modules are also connected together according toa standard design scheme and assembled in an enclosure to form a complete GNSS receiver. Theevaluation results show that the designed and developed GNSS receivers completely meet therequirements of surveying and mapping in coal mines in Vietnam, such as real-time monitoring oflandslides, surveying and topographical mapping and other surveying works to serve the mining process.

ARTe: Providing real-time multitasking to Arduino

In the last decade, thanks to its modular hardware and straightforward programming model, the Arduino ecosystem became a reference for learning the development of embedded systems by various users, ranging from amateurs and students to makers. However, while the latest released platforms are equipped with modern microcontrollers, the programming model is still tied to a single-threaded, legacy approach. This limits the exploitation of the underlying hardware platform and poses limitations in new application scenarios, such as IoT and UAVs.This paper presents the Arduino real-time extension (ARTe), which seamlessly extends the Arduino programming model to enable the concurrent execution of multiple loops at different rates configurable by the programmer. This is obtained by embedding a low-footprint, real-time operating system in the Arduino framework. The adherence to the original programming model, together with the hidden support for managing the inherent complexity of concurrent software, allows expanding the applicability of the Arduino framework while ensuring a more efficient usage of the computational resources. Furthermore, the proposed approach allows a finer control of the latencies and the energy consumption. Experimental results show that such advantages are obtained at the cost of a small additional overhead and memory footprint. To highlight the benefits introduced by ARTe, the paper finally presents two case studies, one of such in which ARTe has been leveraged to rapidly prototype a mechanical ventilator for acute COVID-19 cases. We found that ARTe allowed our ventilator design to rapidly adapt to changes in the available components and to the evolving needs of Intensive Care Units (ICU) in the Americas.

Tennessee Academy of Science Executive Committee Meeting Minutes, November 2021

Tennessee Academy of Science Executive Committee Meeting Minutes, November 2021

Learning Arduino as a Simple River Water Level Detection System Based on Ultrasonic Sensors

Current technological advancements are rapidly and impact daily life. Developing technology can be applied in many programs, one of which is as a tool for education. As shown in this study, technology as a mode of learning can be implemented in daily life. This study examined Arduino programming to create a river water level detection system using an ultrasonic sensor. This research is expected to be used as a learning tool for using Arduino as a microcontroller and can be applied in daily life. Additionally, by developing this river water level detection system, it will be possible to mitigate flood disasters.

Utilizing an Arduino-Based Accelerometer in Civil Engineering Applications in Undergraduate Education

Abstract One of the most important issues in civil engineering undergraduate education is response analysis of structures for earthquake-resistant design. Precautions that should be taken against seismic hazards not only include the design of earthquake-safe buildings but also monitoring the strength and dynamic characteristics of structures. Because this is an important topic in theoretical aspects of civil engineering education at the undergraduate level, it is essential to have opportunities to perform practices so students can better understand lectures. In the Gebze Technical University (GTU) Civil Engineering Department, we guide our undergraduate students to graduate as competent engineers who use practice tools. For this purpose, we designed an Arduino-based accelerometer device and its software toolkit, which records and visualizes structural vibration data in the process of learning the best practices of seismic safety. The device contains Arduino UNO board ADXL345 MEMS (microelectromechanical systems) Accelerometer and microSD card module. Both Arduino and Python open-source programming languages were implemented in the device. We have produced a total number of 15 accelerometers (named the ACCE_edu-Arduino based accelerometer for Civil Engineering education) integrating these cards and sensors that are widely used for vibration measurement and interpretation to record vibration data. Within the scope of “Python programming” lectures in the GTU undergraduate program, these toolkits will be used to obtain data that would be recorded, stored, visualized, and filtered using Python programming language, which provides a practical application in data processing.

Wi-Fi Based Fire Extinguisher Robot

Fire occurrences are the disaster that can cause many humans as well as animal death, property mutilation and disabilities to affected humans. The main motive to develop this robot is to overcome the loss of human lives and get best of this disaster. The idea is to develop a robot that will be used for fire extinguishing purpose and save a huge number of human lives. Keeping in mind that the human and animal lives are important to work upon. A low-cost robot will be developed for fire extinguisher. Arduino programming will be done wisely so that the flame sensor can work accordingly. Small and low-cost robot will definitely reduce the chances of fire to get to its extreme level.

Design and Implementation of an Electrical Characterization System for Membrane Capacitive Deionization Units for the Water Treatment.

The desalination of seawater is one of the most established techniques in the world. In the middle of the 20th century this was achieved using water evaporation systems, later with reverse osmosis membranes and nowadays with the possibility of capacitive deionization membranes. Capacitive deionization and membrane capacitive deionization are an emerging technology that make it possible to obtain drinking water with an efficiency of 95%. This technology is in the development stage and consists of porous activated carbon electrodes, which have great potential for saving energy in the water desalination process and can be used for desalination using an innovative technology called capacitive deionization (CDI), or membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI) if an anion and cation membrane exchange is used. In this paper is proposed and designed a characterization system prototype for CDI and MCDI that can operate with constant current charging and discharging (galvanostatic method). Adequate precision has been achieved, as can be seen in the results obtained. These results were obtained from the performance of typical characterization tests with electrochemical double layer capacitors (EDLC), since they are electrochemical devices that behave similarly to MCDI, from the point of view of the electrical variables of the processes that take place in MCDI. A philosophy of using free software with open-source code has been followed, with software such as the Arduino and Processing programming editors (IDE), as well as the Arduino Nano board (ATmega328), the analogical-digital converter (ADC1115) and the digital-analogical converter (MCP4725). Moreover, a low-cost system has been developed. A robust and versatile system has been designed for water treatment, and a flexible system has been obtained for the specifications established, as it is shown in the results section.

Implementation of a Room Temperature Control System in Patient Rooms with Positive COVID-19 Patients

Technology development triggers the development of human thought to be able to create innovations toimprove performance. The increasing cases of COVID-19 infection mean that you should seek to breakthe chain of this virus by self-isolation. However, the purpose of self-isolation rooms should be consideredespecially at rooms without air conditioning. These technological innovations are needed to provide comfortfor patients and families. The goal of this study is to give families of COVID-19 positive patients easyaccess to their loved ones’ rooms without having to physically enter the room. The procedure is artificialintelligence with Arduino programming using Arduino IDE that is part of the micro controller board. Microcontrolledsystems can be thought of as being like an integrated computer system packaged in a single chip.The result showed the temperature control system tool was able to work well with a temperature error rateof 1.13%. It is known that in COVID-19-positive patients it is very helpful for families to monitor roomtemperature and for patients to rest comfortably.

Monitoreo del voltaje de una placa solar y calidad luminosa usando Internet de las Cosas

La tecnología de energía solar, fuente de energía natural y gratuita, es implementada en lugares con acceso limitado a la energía eléctrica tradicional, en algunos casos en el ámbito agrícola o en pequeños asentamientos humanos rurales. Actualmente, los sistemas comerciales, incluyen una unidad de control de carga con una pequeña pantalla, con la finalidad de mostrar el voltaje generado, pero desafortunadamente el operario debe de acudir hasta el controlador para revisar su desempeño, por lo que es necesario tener una herramienta que permita conocer la conversión energética en tiempo real de manera remota. Esto se puede lograr haciendo uso de la tecnología del internet de las cosas (IoT). En la actualidad existen diversas plataformas IoT; algunas son gratuitas, otras son versiones demostrativas o de paga. Método: En el presente trabajo se desarrolló un prototipo con un sistema de monitoreo de voltaje e intensidad luminosa de una pequeña celda solar y un sensor digital TSL2561. Se utilizó el entorno de programación de Arduino acoplado a una plataforma (IoT) myDevices Cayenne para poder transmitir y acceder a los datos de manera remota. Resultados: Con la integración de los componentes se logró monitorear en la plataforma myDevices Cayenne en tiempo real el voltaje de la celda solar y la intensidad luminosa del entorno de una manera visual e intuitiva, desde cualquier computadora o teléfono celular con acceso a internet. Discusión: La plataforma de IoT myDevices Cayenne se convierte en una opción atractiva, accesible, robusta y fácil de usar en el desarrollo de proyectos novedosos con IoT aplicados a diferentes sectores de importancia económica.

Arduino ile Programlamanın Öğrencilerin Fen Bilimlerine Yönelik Başarı, Öz Yeterlilik ve Tutumlarına Etkisi

This reasearch aims at examining the effect of Arduino programming on sixth grade students’ achievement, self-efficacy and attitudes towards the Science course. The research was carried out in a public school in Ereğli district of Zonguldak province during the Spring Semester of the 2016-2017 Academic Year. The sample of the study, in which the pretest with control group and the quasi-experimental research method with posttest group was adopted, consists of a total of 64 students studying in the sixth grade, 32 of whom are experiment group and 32 of them are the control group. In the experimental group, the activities in the electricity transmission unit were carried out using Arduino, while in the control group, the activities in the textbook were carried out. Achievement tests, self-efficacy scales and attitude scales were used as data collection tools in the study. Independent sample t-test analysis was performed with the raw scores obtained from the tests and scales. According to the findings obtained from the research, no significant difference was found between the experimental group students and the control group students’ success and self-efficacy in the electricity transmission unit. It was concluded that there was a significant difference in favor of the experimental group in terms of their attitudes towards the Science course. Some suggestions were made to educators and researchers in line with the results obtained.

A Study of the Impact of Arduino and Visual Programming In Self-Efficacy, Motivation, Computational Thinking and 5th Grade Students’ Perceptions on Electricity

This article presents a quasi-experiment which, with the use of Arduino and Scratch for Arduino (S4A), attempts to study their effect on self-efficacy and motivation towards Science Education, Computational Thinking (CT) and the views of 5th Grade students about concepts of electricity. It was conducted on the 5th Grade of a Primary School in Greece. The research team chose the quantitative method, which was conducted through the delivery of four questionnaires that were mainly consisted of close-ended questions. In order to achieve triangulation and a deeper understanding of the topic, it was considered important to include individual open interviews. The data processing failed to prove the effect on motivation, while in self-efficacy it was proved only partially. However, the effect was explicit in view of the conceptual understanding of electricity and CT. The specific project could spur the prosecution of an extended research, aiming at the probe on the one hand of how the existing outcome is confirmed and on the other hand how they are preserved through time, for the purpose of insinuating computational methods and tools into primary education.

The study of Recoil Reducing Compact Air Pressure Device (CAPD)

Defense organization is one of the most reputed organization where best of the officers and soldiers serve for the safety on one’s country, without complaining about anything and giving their all in to protect us from various threats that could lead to disintegration of the country.Thus, the main motive to develop this device is to help our defense services to get the best, while they are giving their best for the country. The idea is to develop a device that would counter the recoil of the gun used by the officers and soldiers, to make them more efficient. Keeping in mind that the renewable resources of energy are depleting at a fast pace and pollution is increasing day by day leading to global warming, we have taken air as our resource to produce the desired effect. The device would be developed using aluminium, compact single cylinder air compressor and arduino programming to measure the pressure required for each shot fired from the gun. The principles of Law of conservation of momentum are applied to reduce the recoil of the gun to 80 %, thus helping in better aiming and precision. By installing this device, the demerits that makes AK47 a primitive gun would be subdued and without buying the expensive advanced guns, the arsenal would be upgraded at minimal cost possible.

Kendali Tegangan Output Buck Converter Menggunakan Arduino Berbasis Simulink Matlab

The rapid development of technology to date has made many electrical and electronic equipment that require a direct current (dc) voltage source whose output voltage can be adjusted to the needs of the user. There are several direct voltage levels that are commonly used by electrical and electronic equipment. To get a direct voltage that can be used for various equipment, a direct voltage source that can be varied according to need is required. One way to convert a dc voltage source to a lower dc voltage source is by using a buck converter circuit. This study proposes a buck type direct current converter is porposed to use the Arduino uno as a PWM signal generator circuit to control to control the 24 volt input voltage. The converter output voltage regulation is implemented through a potentiometer and Arduino programming using the simulink Matlab. In this research, a buck converter is tested with output voltage feedback so that the output voltage remains stable. The result of the test that have been carried out show that the buck converter designed in this study has worked well in accordance with objectives. This can be seen from the buck converter output voltage that is in accordance with the reference voltage using a potentiometer that is included in the simulink Matlab program.

Handheld arduino-based near infrared spectrometer for non-destructive quality evaluation of siamese oranges

Quality evaluation, in particular chemical properties, of orange fruit commonly conducted by destructive method by extracting its juice. A near infrared spectrometer (NIRS) can be used to quantify orange chemical properties with non-destructive method. This research aimed to design a handheld NIRS using AS7263 sensor and Arduino programming to estimate the Siamesa orange quality in its acidity (pH), total soluble solids (TSS) and vitamin C. The AS7263 sensor has six NIR channels for different wavelengths, i.e. R (610 nm), S (680 nm), T (730 nm), U (760 nm), V (810 nm) and W (860 nm). For that, a performance test was carried out using 300 samples of orange. Result show that evaluation of orange quality in acidity and TSS has mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) < 10%, and the vitamin C shows > 10%. In addition, the estimation of orange chemical properties by backpropagation neural network (BPNN) yielded better results compared to simple regression and multiple regression methods.

SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE SYSTEM «ARDUINO LEARNER KIT»

The difference between programming embedded systems from the classical one is that in addition to knowledge of the theory of algorithms, programming languages, it is necessary to know the hardware of the object, its physical or electrical properties. Programming for embedded systems is considered a separate area. Embedded-developer is engaged in the development, maintenance, testing of software and hardware. The article considers issues related to the peculiarities of practical training and the formation of professional skills in programming embedded-systems by students studying in the field of knowledge 12 Information Technology, 17 Electronics and Telecommunications software and hardware complex "Arduino Learner Kit" based on the platform Arduino Nano. The software-hardware system "Arduino Learner Kit" is intended for experiments on the control of LEDs, generation of color and adjustment of the brightness of RGB LED, creation of a tone signal, processing of events of clock buttons, reading of data from the potentiometer, DHT11 sensor, LM35 sensor, seven-segment display, LED dot matrix indicator, LCD-indicator, Arduino port sealing by shift register 74HC595, data exchange via SPI interface (MAX7219), and I2C (DS1307). The approach of the application of the physical and virtual stand "Arduino Learner Kit" for training on the mixed and distance form is offered. Arduino Learner Kit software and technology teaches that students study demonstration programs on each topic and get acquainted with their work on the virtual stand "Arduino Learner Kit" and explore the work on the real stand by the peculiarities of the educational process in the educational institution. Features of modeling, testing, and debugging of projects with Arduino in the Proteus 8.X environment are revealed. The list of topics for the formation of Arduino programming skills, drawing diagrams from ready-made modules and parts using the software and hardware system "Arduino Learner Kit", which are implemented in the educational process.

Sistem Keamanan Model Sidik Jari (Digital Key Security) Menggunakan Pemrograman Arduino Pada Sepeda Motor

Abstract: The fingerprint-type digital key model driving safety system offers an accurate security system in minimizing motorcycle units from potential theft crimes that are rampant. This study aims to develop a security system for a fingerprint model on a motorcycle using the arduino-based prototype development method. The test was carried out to determine the results of the arduino programming configuration on the board with a fingerprint scanner. Research results: 1) the design processed using the Arduino application shows that done compiling means that the configuration is successful. 2) The fingerprint scanning test results show that the ignition of the starter is faster when the palm of the finger is dry; that is, the average is activated 2.31 seconds. 3) The result of detection on unknown finger will be activate the alarm. Keywords: Security system, Fingerprint, Arduino application