Abstract
The desalination of seawater is one of the most established techniques in the world. In the middle of the 20th century this was achieved using water evaporation systems, later with reverse osmosis membranes and nowadays with the possibility of capacitive deionization membranes. Capacitive deionization and membrane capacitive deionization are an emerging technology that make it possible to obtain drinking water with an efficiency of 95%. This technology is in the development stage and consists of porous activated carbon electrodes, which have great potential for saving energy in the water desalination process and can be used for desalination using an innovative technology called capacitive deionization (CDI), or membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI) if an anion and cation membrane exchange is used. In this paper is proposed and designed a characterization system prototype for CDI and MCDI that can operate with constant current charging and discharging (galvanostatic method). Adequate precision has been achieved, as can be seen in the results obtained. These results were obtained from the performance of typical characterization tests with electrochemical double layer capacitors (EDLC), since they are electrochemical devices that behave similarly to MCDI, from the point of view of the electrical variables of the processes that take place in MCDI. A philosophy of using free software with open-source code has been followed, with software such as the Arduino and Processing programming editors (IDE), as well as the Arduino Nano board (ATmega328), the analogical-digital converter (ADC1115) and the digital-analogical converter (MCP4725). Moreover, a low-cost system has been developed. A robust and versatile system has been designed for water treatment, and a flexible system has been obtained for the specifications established, as it is shown in the results section.
Highlights
The desalination of seawater is one of the most established techniques in the world
Modern times have introduced the possibility to transition from the use of reverse osmosis to capacitive deionization (CDI), or membrane capacitive deionization when an anion and cation membrane exchange is used, which is a novel system still under development that, in addition to removing salt from the water, allows for the storage of energy, similar to other electrochemical devices [5,6,7,8]
Capacitive deionization (CDI) is an emerging technology that makes it possible to obtain drinking water with an efficiency of 95% [5,6,7,8,9,10]. This technology is in the development stage and consists of porous activated carbon electrodes, which have great potential for saving energy in the water desalination process and can be used for desalination using an innovative technology called capacitive deionization (CDI) and membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI)
Summary
The desalination of seawater is one of the most established techniques in the world. In the middle of the 20th century, this was achieved using water evaporation systems and later with reverse osmosis membranes. Capacitive deionization (CDI) is an emerging technology that makes it possible to obtain drinking water with an efficiency of 95% [5,6,7,8,9,10]. Capacitive deionization has emerged over the years as a robust, energy-efficient solution for water treatment [10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18] It is an effective technology for the desalination of water with low to moderate salt content [5]. The set of results generated will serve as didactic material to illustrate the influence of the effects studied This material will be useful for future students and teachers of degrees and masters programs of different universities thanks to the research and improvements on the CDI and MCDI units. Twisted cables are used for the measurement cells to reduce these types of errors
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