Arduino Controller Research Articles

Submarine Groundwater Discharge From Sediments and Sand Boils Quantified by the Mean Residence Time of a Tracer Injection

To quantify submarine groundwater discharge, we developed an inexpensive automated seepage meter that applies a tracer injection and the computation of the mean residence time. The SGD-MRT is designed to measure a wide range of discharge rates from about 30 to 800 cm³/min and allows minimizing backpressures caused by pipe friction or flow sensors. By modifying the inner volume of the flow-through unit, the range of measurement is adjustable to lower or higher discharge rates. For process control and data acquisition, an Arduino controller board is used. In addition, components like temperature, conductivity, and pressure sensors or pumps extend the scope of the seepage meter. During field tests in the Wadden Sea, covering tidal cycles, discharge rates of more than 700 cm³/min were released from sand boils. Based on the measured discharge rates and numerical integration of the time series data, a water volume of about 400 dm3 with a seawater content of less than 12% was released from the sand boil within 7 h.

Utilization of Arduino Control in Mitigating the Hybrid Harmonics of DC/AC Inverter

This Paper deals with the implementation of Harmonics distortion in distribution system by using the method of hybrid of active filter and passive filters. The active filter is used to reduce the distortion present in the output. Boost converter is used to increase the voltage level. This boost converter is connected to the inverter, which is designed by using the MOSFET as a switch. In practical application the pulses for the inverter is given by using the Arduino control. By using this hybrid method, the total harmonics distortion is reduced to below the acceptable limit. Simulation for this proposed method is done by using the MATLAB simulink. Initially, fast fourier transform may found to mitigate harmonics. But emerging technologies like Arduino control is proved to simple and economical in carrying out the same task effectively.

Utilization of Arduino Control in Mitigating the Hybrid Harmonics of DC/AC Inverter

This Paper deals with the implementation of Harmonics distortion in distribution system by using the method of hybrid of active filter and passive filters. The active filter is used to reduce the distortion present in the output. Boost converter is used to increase the voltage level. This boost converter is connected to the inverter, which is designed by using the MOSFET as a switch. In practical application the pulses for the inverter is given by using the Arduino control. By using this hybrid method, the total harmonics distortion is reduced to below the acceptable limit. Simulation for this proposed method is done by using the MATLAB simulink. Initially, fast fourier transform may found to mitigate harmonics. But emerging technologies like Arduino control is proved to simple and economical in carrying out the same task effectively.

Drinking-Water Quality Monitoring Using WSN Technology

The Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) technology is the dense number of cooperative sensor nodes or terminals, which are densely deployed in the physical environment for sensing, wireless communications, and computational data statistics. The different academic and industrial applications have been developed based on wireless sensor networks. The drinking water quality monitoring system is proposed in this article as one of many applications, developed by WSN technology to diagnostic the drinking water quality, thus solve their challenges as corruption, turbidity, and water neutrality. The paper presents the end-to-end drinking water quality monitoring testbed including the Arduino controller, XBee communication unit, temperature sensor, LED and LDR sensors, and PH sensor with its equivalent circuit. This module is experimentally calibrated, installed, and programmed using Arduino code as a lab model to prove the concept and measures the practical results. It is anticipated that the proposed module can develop the drinking water quality monitoring approach.

A Simple Low-Cost Electrocardiogram Synchronizer.

Electrocardiogram (ECG) synchronization is useful to avoid the effects of cardiac motion in medical measurements, and is widely used in standard medical imaging. A number of medical equipment include embedded commercial synchronizers. However, the use of independent synchronization modules is sometimes needed when several non-integrated instruments are used, or in the development of new medical instruments and procedures. We present a simple low-cost ECG synchronizer module based on an Arduino controller board that converts the ECG signal into a transistor-transistor-logic (TTL) one, allowing real-time medical measurements triggered at specific phases of the cardiac cycle. The device and conversion algorithm developed is optimized in vitro using synthetic and human ECG signals, and tested in vivo on three swine specimens. Error rates during the in vivo testing stage remain below the 2% of the cycles in all animals and critical false positives are less than 1%, which is sufficient for most applications. Possible algorithm updates are discussed if its performance needs to be improved.

Влияние СВЧ-излучения на скорость замерзания воды в теплонасосной установке

The article presents the data obtained as a result of an experiment to determine the effect of microwave radiation on the freezing rate of water in a heat pump installation are presented. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in experimentally evaluating the effect of microwave radiation on the speed of the water-ice phase transition to increase the efficiency of the heat pump unit by increasing the rate of water crystallization. (Materials and methods) The main criterion for conducting the experiment was the speed of the water-ice phase transition of ordinary water and water that passed through microwave radiation. The article presents an experimental installation for conducting experiments, consisting of a 90-liter freezer, a Danfoss TLES4F compressor with a cooling capacity of 91 Watts, a programmable Arduino controller with four connected sealed DS18B20 temperature sensors, a water tank made of food- grade plastic. The article presents the scheme of the experimental installation. The water was treated with microwave radiation for 12 seconds, the thickness of the water layer was 4-5 millimeters, and the power of the magnetron used was 750 Watts. (Results and discussion) There was conducted 20 experiments on obtaining thermal energy using the water-ice phase transition. Ten experiments with ordinary filtered water and ten experiments with water subjected to microwave radiation. (Conclusions) Water subjected to uniform microwave radiation cools to 0 degrees Celsius 23 minutes earlier than water that has passed only filtration, and performs a phase transition to a solid state 74 minutes faster. Microwave radiation can be used to increase the efficiency of a heat pump using the energy of the water-ice phase transition by accelerating the production of thermal energy from the heat carrier to the heat supply system.

Analysis of the Motor Control System for Moving Goods Using Google Assistant

Modern technology today, especially in the world of technology Robots are developing very rapidly. Many developed countries are competing and vying to make increasingly sophisticated robots. In Indonesia, robots have also begun to develop. Developments in the field of robotics are also able to have a positive impact in the industrial sector. One example is the process of moving an item/object from one place to another. This study aims to test the motion system, namely a DC motor that functions as a motor for carrying goods. The method used is input from commands given by the user via a smartphone with voice access. As an intermediary, a bluetooth connection is used so that commands can be sent from a smartphone to the control circuit. The controller used is the AVR type, namely atmega 328 on the Arduino Uno board. At the output, there are relays and current amplifiers that function as motor drivers. The user will give orders via a smartphone where on the smartphone runs an application, namely a voice to text converter. The application will convert the human voice into text and send via bluetooth to the controller. The Arduino controller will identify the command code and execute it, namely controlling the robot's motion in the direction desired by the user, for example forward, backward left and right or towards a predetermined point.

Arduino Controller Based 3-Switch Isolated DC-DC Boost Converter for PV and Battery Application

This paper discusses a Arduino controlled 3-switch Isolated DC-DC Boost converter for PV and battery application. The presented converter has vital benefits such as a switch reduction, snubber circuit elimination with an additional diode, a capacitor; obtain the same primary and secondary voltage waveforms of the transformer with duty cycle variation. The MATLAB Simulink model of the presented converter for 95W PV system has been developed for 20V dc input. The hypothetical forecasts and the performance of the PV based presented converter has been effectively confirmed with the aid of simulation results. The experimental setup of the presented converter for 100W PV module has been successfully implemented using Arduino Uno microcontroller to confirm the simulation outcomes.

Design and control of a sit-to-stand assistive device based on analysis of kinematics and dynamics

Sit-to-stand is a common activity in daily life. It is difficult for the elderly and patients with lower limb disorders to complete this motion due to limb pain, muscle weakness, partial loss of motor control function, and physical defects in joints. An STS assistive device is a piece of automated medical equipment that can facilitate rehabilitation training for patients with lower limb disorders and improve their lower limb function. In this paper, we introduce a 3-DOF series type STS assistive device. First, we selected 26 healthy adults to carry out an STS transfer experiment, and we obtained the trajectory and velocity of each joint and the law of plantar pressure during STS motion. Second, based on the above kinematics and dynamics law, a 3-DOF series mechanism was designed. Through forward and inverse kinematics analysis, the relationship between the end-effector and the linear actuator was established. The trajectory planning of the end-effector was carried out according to the natural STS transfer trajectory, and the law of the linear actuator was obtained. The trajectory planning was verified by ADAMS. Finally, the Arduino controller was used to build the control system of the STS assistive device, and the prototype experiment was carried out.

Pedestrian Detection System using Image Processing for Driver Assistance

Human beings are the main important reason of road accidents. In high way roads the vehicles are going very fast. Because of such reasons while crossing the roads animals and also humans falls as a prey to the accidents. To avoid such kind of accidents new system is proposed using image processing concepts. In this the system is embedded with the vehicle. Camera is the main part of the proposed system. Whenever the animal or human being tries to cross the road while driving, the camera captures the image. In this proposed system, object detection concept is used. If the people or animals are detected by the camera this system provides an alarm to the user and automatically controls the speed of the vehicle. The type of the images and position of an image are also displayed on the LCD. The entire system is controlled by Arduino controller.

Wheeled Robot with Ardublock Programming for Elementary School Students

Robotics technology can be implemented into the elementary school curriculum with the presence of extracurricular robotics or better as robotics only. Robotics in students is taught to assemble and program simple robots packaged in robotics learning media. Robotics activities basically use wheelled robots but have different functions. With the basic assumption of the robot, we can reduce the cost of procurement by making a robot with one wheel but with various functions. The wheeled robot is portable, so it is easy to disassemble. Robotics activities in generaly uses an Arduino controller with the C programming language. Elementary school students have difficulty understanding the language. Ardublock as one of the easy and open-source solutions. This research focused on the working system of a wheeled robot with various features (line tracer, transporter, and wall tracking) as well as the success in using ardublock logic as the programming language of the robot. The results test show that the ardublock program can be used to program the Arduino controller on the robot. The wheeled robot with the line follower feature recorded a travel time of 6.0 seconds on a 200cm trajectory. The wheeled robot with a transporter feature on a 200 cm trajectory takes an average of 8.9 seconds with the success of lifting objects 7 times out of 10 attempts.

Electronic Hover Craft

Electronic hovercraft is a device which can easily move on sand, water, hill areas and also muddy places. The main reason behind this project is to rescue the people in the flooded region. Our Indian army forces like Indian army, Indian navy will have greater use of this project. For example coming to our local areas just recently happened these situation is in Hyderabad we got floods so many people lose their houses, property.so many people were injuired. There is no such reliable system to rescue there. In that one senior citizen was died due to the helpless situation these type of situation makes so hurting to us. In that cases these type of devices may save their lives. In this system we have Bluetooth, Arduino UNO, propellers, two navigation motors which can give right and forward moving directions. Considering the price, simple implementations this project proses a less cost compare to fire brigade. With the help of Bluetooth in distance we can operate the system. With driving manually we can operate. Due to this one person can be saved. Instead of a driver one extra person can save. By using Bluetooth Arduino control app we can send command to the Arduino. When we give command we can operate, navigate the device with the help of down propeller air fills in cushion with the help of back propeller it will move towards forward direction with this we can control the device navigation for this we have 12volt 3.5Amps Battery power supply. Amplified current version battery to drive the motors.

A Low Cost Baby Incubator Design Equipped with Vital Sign Parameters

A baby incubator is a heating device for premature babies so that the baby's temperature matches the temperature in the mother's womb. Premature babies are babies born in abnormal conditions where the baby's body size is below average or the gestational age has not reached 9 months. The aim of this study was to create a compact system at a low cost in an infant incubator. Apart from stabilizing the temperature, it can also calculate the premature baby's heart rate and oxygen saturation value. The contribution of the system being built can detect the early symptoms of congenital abnormalities so that abnormalities detection becomes more practical. The temperature stability in this system uses a threshold system, where the sensor readings are compared with the set point value. Meanwhile, the SpO2 system uses a finger sensor attached to the baby's finger to detect oxygen saturation and heart rate. The signal from the sensor is processed in a signal conditioning circuit consisting of an astable circuit, filter and amplifier, LPF, and demultiplexer. Based on the results of testing and measurement, the difference produced by this tool is only 0.13 - 0.182 ° C. The biggest error in the system is 0.517%. Measurement of skin temperature was carried out on 10 respondents with an average value of 34.825 ° C. so that the difference generated from this tool is only 0.175 ° C, the difference on the Humidity parameter is 0.21%. The average BPM reading of respondent 1 was 81 beats per minute and the average SpO2 value was 97%. The average BPM reading of respondent 2 was 83 beats per minute and the average SpO2 value was 98%. You can see that the module with the Arduino control system can work automatically and is able to adjust the stability of the baby incubator according to the settings. In addition, the BPM and SpO2 systems are within tolerance so they can be used for patient measurements

Performance enhancement of solar photovoltaic system for roof top garden.

The photovoltaic (PV) for irrigation system is an emerging technology to harness the solar energy. The performance of the PV modules depends on the incident solar radiation, geographical location, and the surface temperature of the modules. The performance of the PV system needs to be monitored by manually or embedded controllers. The commercially available technologies for monitoring the system are costlier and need to be optimized. The Arduino controller is used to monitor the performance of the photovoltaic (PV) system in Coimbatore (11.016° N, 76.9558° E), Tamilnadu, India. The PV surface temperature is monitored and controlled by flowing the water above the module by setting the mean ambient temperature as a reference temperature 34 °C when the system exceeds the reference temperature. PV surface temperature is reduced up to 16°C thus improved the electrical efficiency by 17% compare to the reference module. The Arduino controller control the relay to switch on the motor to control the mass flow rate of the water at 0.0028kg/s. The various parameters are measured such as voltage, current, and solar radiation of the location and analyzed. The estimated cost of monitoring system and various sensor is 10$ which cost comparatively 50% lower than the other PV monitoring controllers. This method can be employed in the medium and large-scale irrigation system.

Controlling the external device in real-time using eeg brain signals based on eyes states

The paper proposes a new method to control external device in real-time using electroencephalography-based brain signals. The brain signals of a healthy female student at F7 and F8 channels are recorded from Emotiv Epoc+. They are filtered using a combination of wavelet approach and recursive least square estimation to remove unwanted noises. Open and closed eyes states are extracted from filtered brain signals. The support vector machine approach is applied to classify two states of eyes (open and closed). The classified eyes states are utilized to generate the on and off commands, respectively. Those commands are sent to an Arduino control board to control on and off states of the light. Experimental results showed that the average accuracy of two control commands is 81.6%. The obtained results promise for extraction of more commands that can be utilized for applications in daily life.

Arduino enabled IoT based Smart Shopping Trolley

As technology evolves and sees new developments in various fields, including artificial intelligence, machine learning, so on, there are growing customer expectations in world wide web. With the rapidly changing lives, customers have absolutely no time to wait in long lines to do their jobs. We present a clever shopping method with RFID and arduino controller in this paper. The trolleys in the shopping centers are a protocol so that they can verify the items placed in them automatically and the last bill is forwarded to a web application, available on any phone or handheld computer. The system is also subject to anti-theft management, where the system allows no customer to take unchecked products.

Study and design of an electronic access control to “Al Raudah al Sharifah” via smart card in order to manage the crowds

This paper deals with the research of organizing and managing crowds during the visit of the Holy Raudah in the Prophet’s Mosque and. The everyday noticed fact is the visitors crowding in an attempt to enter the honourable place to pray in it. In this work, we propose the idea of designing and creating an electronic access control to enter the Holy Raudah via using a smart card. These cards are enabled to visitors with certain studied policies. They will be programmed with well-thought-out settings that contribute to organize the crowds during the entry through electronic portals. The implementation of the proposed idea is based on RFID technology and ARDUINO controller, used together to make an explanatory prototype. This solution, if applied and adopted, will offer to visitors and in particular women visitors, sufficient time to perform their rituals in the best way without harm or discomfort.

Wireless power charging of drone using vision-based navigation

AbstractFor more efficient aerial surveillance, charging pads are set up at corresponding distances so that an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) can sustain its operations without landing. Usually manual intervention is required to land a UAV for charging and so extend its mission. To enable a UAV to operate autonomously, wireless power charging using inductive coupling is proposed. Using this method, the UAV's battery is charged until it reaches the next charging station. This paper focuses on two significant aspects of the process: vision-based navigation for charging pad detection, and wireless power charging. The coils were designed, and other parameters like mutual inductance, coupling coefficient and the distance between the coils for effective power transmission were analysed, using Ansys and Maxwell software. A quadcopter was built, with battery and Lidar sensor connected to the Arduino controller for low battery voltage detection and height measurement, respectively. Whenever the battery voltage is low, the UAV is steered towards the nearest charging pad using the global position navigation system. To test the process, the quadcopter was flown over the charging pad using a vision-based algorithm pre-defined in the image processor (Raspberry Pi B+).

Automatic Check Post and E-Toll Payment System

The amount of traffic in recent years has gradually risen as a result of the rise in the number of cars. It causes traffic issues, and even in the toll gate system, traffic delays occur, time and fuel absorption is elongated. The automatic toll accumulation system is actually reasonably effective compared to other schemes. This paper has to do with Automatic Check Post, E-Toll Payment System, vehicle theft detection, and intimation to the nearby police station using Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and Global System for Mobile Communication Module (GSM). The detection is accompanied by a passive Radio Frequency guide. This project is connected with car specifics such as a specific ID stored in the FASTag that is attached to the vehicle. After all, the parameters are essentially implemented by a computer and can be stored in the data bank for a cyclical gap as for timestamp. Specific users have a special ID for their cars. When the car enters the Toll-Plaza, readers read the tag and the tax payment will be deducted from their balance of accounts by using the RFID and GSM modules. In the event of any car being stolen, an authorised customer and a network of RFID scanners located in separate checkpoints, traffic signals, or toll plazas in the city can log in to the server. ATmega328 The Arduino controller must be wired to the GSM network, which allows the user to monitor the device by sending SMS or creating a call and often stops it.

SMART HEALTH MONITORING AND ADVISORY SYSTEM

Health has quintessential significance in our day to day life. Health is the degree of beneficial and metabolic efficiency of dwelling organisms..The motive of this task is to boost fitness alert machine for elders and bodily challenged people. The objective is to hint patient’s fitness with the help of sensors.”The Health Alert Scheme” can preserve track of patient’s pulse rate, eco heart rate of, pressure stage rate, temperature via the usage of the respective sensors. The Sensors are interfaced with the controller Arduino UNO board. The Arduino microcontroller which is used for processing the data. The computerized messages to preserve their food plan is additionally send to their caretakers. Once fitness problem is detected, call signals are send to the caretakers. This is the best way to display the sufferers for the medical doctors from any area at anytime.