Abstract
Electrocardiogram (ECG) synchronization is useful to avoid the effects of cardiac motion in medical measurements, and is widely used in standard medical imaging. A number of medical equipment include embedded commercial synchronizers. However, the use of independent synchronization modules is sometimes needed when several non-integrated instruments are used, or in the development of new medical instruments and procedures. We present a simple low-cost ECG synchronizer module based on an Arduino controller board that converts the ECG signal into a transistor-transistor-logic (TTL) one, allowing real-time medical measurements triggered at specific phases of the cardiac cycle. The device and conversion algorithm developed is optimized in vitro using synthetic and human ECG signals, and tested in vivo on three swine specimens. Error rates during the in vivo testing stage remain below the 2% of the cycles in all animals and critical false positives are less than 1%, which is sufficient for most applications. Possible algorithm updates are discussed if its performance needs to be improved.
Highlights
ICREC Research Program, Health Science Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol, Can Ruti Campus, CIBERCV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
This technique is widely used in standard medical imaging techniques, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) [2,3], intracoronary optical coherent tomography (OCT) [4], and triggered angiography non-contrast enhanced (TRANCE) [5], to prevent motion artifacts, such as shadows and blurred contours, on images
In case of a false positive (FP), i.e., a transition to a high TTL state not produced by an R-wave, the device would trigger a measurement in a phase of the cardiac cycle different to that expected
Summary
Hardware Set-Up conversion, both connections were probed by a digital oscilloscop. Conversion, both connections were probed by a digital oscilloscope Theused controller board was kept output pins. Coaxial cables were to connect theinvariou a 3-D-printed shell equipped with SMA connectors that were cabled to the input and were usedpins. BNC connectors were used everywhere except at the controller ports. 1. Block diagram of the hardware set-up comprising a controlle monitor to capture and record the ECG, and a digital oscilloscope. The laptop and oscilloscope are monitor to the capture and recordduring the the ECG, and atests. They can be suppressed The l once development is complete
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