Arctic Zone Of The Russian Federation Research Articles

Sediment geochemistry of Lake Portlubol (Murmansk region): natural anomalies and reconstruction of anthropogenic events in the catchment

The article presents the first data on the content of a wide range of rare elements in modern sediments of Lake Portlubol, located in the north of the Murmansk region (Arctic zone of the Russian Federation). The authors identified extremely elevated concentrations of U and Mo compared to the clarke and background levels, which is associated with the geological features of the study area. Also, in the upper layers of the sediment core of Lake Portlubol, an increase in the content of Pb, Cd, Ni, Cu and some other elements was noted, which probably entered the reservoir as a result of emissions from industrial enterprises in the region and neighboring territories. Despite the identified geochemical anomalies in the sediments, the lake can be considered background, since the established anthropogenic load is small compared to lakes in urban and industrial areas of the Murmansk region.

Экономическая дифференциация и восприимчивость муниципалитетов российской Арктики к федеральным преференциальным режимам

The modern Arctic policy of Russia focuses on the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation (AZRF) as a single macroregion. However, since the Russian Arctic is internally heterogeneous, a common Arctic policy can either increase or decrease the differentiation of municipalities. Therefore, to improve federal spatial policy, it is necessary to assess the differentiation of Arctic municipalities and their receptivity to federal support measures for investors. To this end, the study proposes a new indicator, namely, the share of social and other benefits to the population in the sum of social benefits and taxable income of individuals and individual entrepreneurs. Unlike traditional wage indicators, the proposed indicator adequately reflects the income of the population and is not distorted by territorial price differences. This indicator for the AZRF varies from 5 % in municipalities with accelerated gas production to more than 50 % in peripheral areas. A reduced share of social benefits is typical for agglomerations of regional capitals, industrially developed municipalities or important seaports. The receptivity of municipalities to federal preferential treatment is analysed based on the author’s processing of resident registers (distribution of residents by Arctic municipalities). According to the results, investors are primarily attracted to the largest urban agglomerations of the European Russian Arctic (about half of residents of the Russian Arctic are in Arkhangelsk and Murmansk agglomerations), while the impact of preferential treatment on peripheral municipalities is minimal or non-existent (there were no residents of the Russian Arctic in approximately 20 percent of municipalities in three years). Such a situation will increase the imbalance in economic development of Arctic municipalities, therefore, state policy should provide various measures to support different municipalities, which should be substantiated in further research.

Strategic goal: Enhancing economic growth and labor force in the arctic zone

The authors in their study examined the forms of state support implemented in the Russian Federation to increase labor force and enhance the budgetary independence of the Russian Arctic regions. They investigated the impact of state support on business development and its effects on demographic indicators and gross regional product growth in the Russian regions encompassed by the Arctic zone. The preferential regime of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation represents the latest regulatory mechanism aimed at counteracting negative socio-economic trends in the macro-region. The purpose of this study is to analyze the transformational changes in the relationship between employment and investment due to the implementation of the preferential regime in the regions fully or partially included in the Russian Arctic.

Environmental Complexes with Thermal Zoning for the Conditions of the Far North and the Arctic

The author’s proposals dedicated to the optimization of the design process, considering the specific requirements determined by the natural and climatic conditions of the Far North and the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation are disclosed. The authors rely on two methodological approaches: optimization of urban planning policy, on the one hand, and revision of the typology of residential and public buildings for the conditions of the Arctic and the Far North, on the other. The authors have developed and are actively promoting the basic principles of “green architecture” (the buffer principle, the community principle, the compensation principle, the principle of nature-likeness and the principle of vertical transfer). The main objective of this article is to put forward, develop and develop the concept of “thermal zoning”, which inherits the productive typological ideas of the Soviet period. It is shown how the scientific developments of the authors are tested in experimental and competitive design. In addition, specific proposals have been put forward to improve the urban development policy of the Arctic and create a new body that will optimize the activities of designers for the sustainable development of the architectural environment of Arctic cities and settlements.

МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ ЭКОЛОГО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ ПРОЦЕССОВ В АРКТИЧЕСКИХ РЕГИОНАХ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ

Based on the data of four European regions, fully or partially included in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, it is made the analysis of their economic and environmental indicators relationship for 2000–2021 and built corresponding models. The author shows that for the above mentioned period the environmental situation improvement has become possible due to the economy modernization and investments to more efficient technologies with less impact on the environment.

Российская Арктика-2035: полимасштабный прогноз

The subject of the study is the forecast of the development of the Arctic territories of Russia at the zonal, regional and municipal levels based on the concept of technical and economic (structural) dynamics of N. Kondratiev – S. Glazyev – С. Peres. The object of study is the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the study is to describe the technical and economic dynamics of the Arctic territories until 2035. This goal determined the solution of three tasks: 1) identifying the features of new resource development of the Russian Arctic based on the mineral resources and fuel and energy potential of the Arctic territories of Russia; 2) justification of the current situation in the regions of the Russian Arctic, such as the dynamics of technological structures and calculated positions on the volume of GRP in 2035; 3) compiling a list of Arctic municipalities (49) with limited delivery times for cargo and their typology based on the speed of technical and economic dynamics. Results of the study: I. The resource potential of the Russian Arctic from the point of view of technological structures can be strengthened through the commissioning of deposits of graphite, antimony, and bauxite, the global demand for which is characterized by favorable conditions in the forecast period; II. The regions of the Russian Arctic are differentiated based on the analysis of greenfield projects carried out during the forecast period into three groups of technological renewal: a) maximum; b) partial; c) minimal. The forecast of the GRP of the Arctic territories based on resource production indicators in 2035 determined their rank: 1) Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug; 2) Murmansk region; 3-4) Nenets Autonomous Okrug and the Arctic of the Krasnoyarsk Territory; 5) Arctic of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia); 6) Arctic of the Komi Republic; 7) Chukotka Autonomous Okrug; 8) Arctic of the Arkhangelsk region; 9) Arctic of the Republic of Karelia. III. Arctic municipalities with limited delivery times are separated into four groups from the point of view of the prospects for the formation of a new technological structure based on new projects: 1) maximum potential (12); 2) average potential (9); 3) without new mining projects, but with prospects for completing the development of previously started ones and technological modernization of old projects (12); 4) without prospects for the deployment of new projects for the development of non-renewable resources, but with prospects for the development of biological resources (16). Possible application of the results can be documents of strategic planning of the Russian Arctic at the zonal, regional and municipal levels.

Analysis of the effect of anthropogenic load the vital forest condition Arctic zone of the Russian Federation

The influence of anthropogenic factors on the state of forest stands is manifested mainly in the Arkhangelsk region, in the Murmansk region and in the Krasnoyarsk territory. It has been established that the action of anthropogenic factors in the forests of the Arkhangelsk region was not the primary cause of the weakening of the forest stand. At the same time, an extremely insignificant degree of damage was noted, in comparison with other causes of weakening and death of plantings. The reason for the death of the vast majority of forests in the region as a result of the anthropogenic factor was a violation of the rules of tapping, when ripe and overmature pine forests, after use, were not cut down and are now a potential source of occurrence and spread of foci of diseases and forest pests. When drying out, not only the likelihood of developing large forest fires increases, but also mass reproduction of forest pests occurs. First of all, arrays of old (age 150-250 years) trees are affected, which were not cut down in a timely manner due to the inaccessibility for industrial harvesting and removal of commercial timber. Therefore, forest protection measures need to be given more attention. It is possible to preserve and increase forest wealth only through sustainable forest management, preserving biological diversity, productivity, the ability to restore, viability and the ability to perform important ecological, economic and social functions at the local, national and global levels in the present and future

Системный анализ рисков реализации проектов освоения минерального сырья — условие планирования устойчивого развития Арктической зоны России

For the first time, a systematic analysis of the risks of developing investment projects for the development of mineral raw materials in the Arctic zone of Russia was carried out along the entire chain of elements: Upstream (Search and Production) - Midstream (Transportation) - Downstream (Sales) in order to identify priority technological tasks, the solution of which is necessary to ensure their sustainable development. The main restrictions on the development of year-round shipping in the water area of the Northern Sea Route have been identified. Assessments of the sustainability of the economic development of the Arctic zone based on the entire set of risks of projects and the determination of priority tasks for overcoming them should be coordinated by specialized scientific councils in accordance with the tasks assigned to the Russian Academy of Sciences "expert support of the activities of government bodies and organizations." The primary task is to revise the documents of strategic planning for the development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, developed in other geopolitical conditions, correlating their goals and objectives with the current capabilities of the country.

Роль закупочной деятельности в уменьшении углеродного следа в Арктической зоне Российской Федерации

One of the main tasks of the modern energy industry is not only to maximize the efficient use of natural energy resources and preserve their diversity, but also to increase the potential of this sector in the stable growth of the state's economy, improving the quality of life of the population and maintaining a favorable environmental situation in the country. Decarbonization, which implies a reduction in carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) and methane emissions, is a key challenge facing the global energy industry. The purpose of this study is to assess greenhouse gas emissions produced as a result of the activities of the largest energy companies operating in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, namely PJSC LUKOIL and PJSC NOVATEK through the analysis of their policies and measures to reduce the carbon footprint, preserve biological diversity and develop the northern region of Russia, identify links between the conduct of procurement activities and support for the sustainable development of the enterprise, including in the environmental field. In the course of the work, a comparative analysis of the activities of companies in the Arctic zone was carried out, their current and prospective projects were described, data on greenhouse gas emissions of the enterprises in question were structured by year, their procurement policy, the necessary requirements for potential suppliers, implemented educational programs and activities for the development of professional skills of personnel were considered, and additional tools were proposed that they will be able to contribute not only to improving the sustainable development of companies in the Arctic, but also, as a result, conservation of natural diversity in the northern part of the Russian Federation.

Этнокультурные аспекты арктической специфики в стратегиях социально-экономического развития регионов и муниципалитетов Арктической зоны Российской Федерации

The article addresses the integration of ethnocultural aspects of the Arctic issues concerning the Indigenous Small-Numbered Peoples of the North, Siberia, and the Russian Far East (ISNP) into the socio-economic development strategies (SEDS) of the regions and municipalities within the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation (AZRF). The study is based on the authors' methodology for content analysis of strategies, which enables the identification of the presence of various Arctic-specific topics in the texts. The content analysis of 61 strategies from Arctic regions and municipalities reveals a low level of implementation of federal regulations dedicated to supporting ISNP in regional and municipal SEDS. The development of the "nomadic schools" topic in the SEDS is also examined, and the strategies where this issue is covered are described. The article compares municipalities and regions of the AZRF based on the presence of ethnocultural topics in the strategies and their corresponding socio-economic indicators. A final grouping of municipalities is conducted according to the actual proportion of ISNP in the population of Arctic municipalities and the degree to which ISNP-related issues are reflected in SEDS, determined by the frequency of the marker word “Indigenous Peoples (ISNP).” Five groups of municipalities are identified, with particular attention given to Group IV: “Significantly Underrepresenting Important ISNP-Related Topics for the Municipality.” Additionally, the results of the municipal grouping highlight the prominence of regional boundaries. Differences in content analysis results based on the geographical location of the municipalities are identified. The article may be useful for providing recommendations to Arctic strategists on incorporating Arctic-specific issues into strategic documents.

ПОТЕНЦИАЛ РАЗВИТИЯ АГРАРНОГО СЕКТОРА РЕГИОНОВ АРКТИЧЕСКОЙ ЗОНЫ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ В НОВЫХ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ УСЛОВИЯХ

The agricultural sector is one of the main driving directions of the domestic economy, which has a direct impact on the sustainability of the socio-economic system and the level of food security of the country and its regions. This study is devoted to the study of issues related to the development of the agro-industrial complex of the regions of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. Being a territory under the influence of special economic and social conditions, as well as possessing a powerful natural resource potential, the Arctic regions are in the constant focus of attention of government authorities and the scientific community, and are also the object of this study. Modern realities require constant study of problems, identification of ways of regional development, transformation and adaptation to new living conditions, and this determines the relevance of this study in the context of the agricultural sector of the economy of the Arctic regions. The article summarizes scientific works devoted to the analysis of the concept of "potential" and the definition of its structure, as well as theoretical materials of regional scientists who devoted their research to the study of the development of agriculture and its Arctic specifics. The authors consider the current conditions of the agricultural sector, identify factors and risks at the level of the country and its subjects. On the basis of the studied materials, the definition of the concept of "potential for the development of the agro-industrial complex" is given, its structure is determined. The system of factors shaping the effectiveness of the potential of the agricultural sector is considered. During the analysis, the features and problems of the potential of the regions of the Arctic zone, as well as some areas for development, were identified. The main results of the study can be used by legislative and executive authorities at the state and regional levels in the development of strategies and programs for the development of agriculture in the regions of the Russian Arctic.

Search for an effective method to monetize the natural gas produced in Russia

The article discusses possible ways for Russian oil and gas companies to monetize the produced natural gas and diversify sales channels. Since 2022, there has been a decline in the economic efficiency of the development of gas and gas condensate fields in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The root causes are the restriction of supplies to Western countries, the introduction of mechanisms to regulate the cost of hydrocarbons, the disruption of logistics chains, and the lack of prerequisites for the growth of domestic demand. The challenges currently facing oil and gas companies require comprehensive solutions. The actual challenges are increasing the value of produced hydrocarbons and diversification of sales methods. We consider the directions of gas delivery to the UGSS, its use as a fuel and raw material for power generation and gas chemistry. In the absence of a sales market near the autonomous fields, the most promising direction is deep processing of gas to produce products with high added value. Increasing the level of processing of hydrocarbon raw materials extracted from the fields is a driver for increasing the added value of the products sold. The main raw material for deep processing is natural gas prepared to marketable quality. Currently, its utilization as a gas chemical feedstock does not exceed 3.7%. Deep gas processing is characterized by high consumption of produced feedstock and access to a number of domestic technology licensors and equipment manufacturers. An alternative option is microbiological synthesis of protein from hydrocarbons. The prerequisite for the development of this direction is the growing demand for food products due to the increasing population of the Earth. The article presents a technical and economic evaluation of synthesis of feed protein from gas at autonomous fields in the north of Western Siberia. According to the results of a comparison of variants by protein content in the final product, component composition and specific cost, protein from hydrocarbons has the best characteristics. The main process of production is fermentation, and the equipment is a fermenter. The most modern technology involves the use of loop construction, the licensor of the technology is UniBio (Denmark). Among the consumers of feed protein are feed manufacturers, large livestock and poultry farms, fish farms. Studies of gaprin have confirmed the safety of its use as a feed additive. The implementation of deep gas processing projects will strengthen the stability of oil and gas companies in conditions of high market volatility.

К вопросу о подготовке кадров из числа коренных малочисленных народов Севера в приравненных к Арктической зоне территориях Ханты-Мансийского автономного округа – Югры: проблемы и пути решения

geopolitical importance of the northern territories of Russia and their environmental vulnerability implies special attention to the issue of sustainable development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation and equated localities. In the study, special attention is paid to the analysis of the education system of the indigenous peoples of the North of KhantyMansiysk Autonomous Okrug – Yugra as an important component of the development of the region’s human resources potential. The work also contains proposals that, according to the authors, improve the human, socio-economic and cultural environment of the territory. Objective: development of models of personalized education for the indigenous peoples of Yugra in the aspect of the analysis of the education system of the region. Research materials: regulatory legal acts, monitoring research data, materials of Internet resources Results and novelty of the research: the study analyzes the state of education and professional training of personnel from among the indigenous peoples of the North. The problems hindering the preservation of the original cultural heritage are identified: ethnic languages, traditional culture, arts and crafts in the context of sustainable development goals, taking into account their Arctic specifics. New statistical data on the territories of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug – Yugra, equated to the Arctic zone, are introduced into scientific circulation.

Agriculture in the Polar Regions: New Approaches to Historical Challenges

The implementation of the Northern Sea Route Development Programme aims to increase the permanent population of the Arctic zone of Russia. This problem cannot be solved without a corresponding enhancement of the food supply of the Arctic. The importance of the study is conditioned by the need to modernize the system of food supply of the Arctic territories in the context of external threats. The article examines approaches to developing agriculture and solving the problem of food security in the Arctic regions of Russia. The authors consider the possibilities of the permanent population of the Arctic to produce enough food for their own consumption and the influence of preferential regimes on the development of agriculture and the solution of food security. The authors have analyzed the current regulatory acts and the results of their implementation in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, based on which an assessment of the state policy’s performance in modern conditions is given, together with the authors’ recommendations for addressing the abovementioned task.

ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL REGIME OF THE NORTHERN DELIVERY AS A FACTOR OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE NORTH AND THE ARCTIC ZONE OF RUSSIAN FEDERATION

The relevance of the issue studied in the article lies in the fact that ensuring the sustainable development of the North and the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation (hereinafter also referred to as the Russian Arctic) is a priority direction of modern state policy. One of the factors ensuring the stability and sustainability of the development of the North and the Russian Arctic is northern deliveries. The purpose of the study is to analyze the legal regulation of northern imports, characterize its role in order to ensure the sustainable development of the North and the Russian Arctic. To conduct the research, the comparative legal method, the formal legal method, the historical method, analysis, synthesis, and logical methods were used. The article examines the legal and organizational foundations for the sustainable development of the North and the Russian Arctic, highlights its relationship with food security, and notes the positive experience of Canada in the process of legal regulation of the target state of the Arctic part of the country - sustainable development. The sustainable development of the North and the Russian Arctic is considered in the article mainly within the framework of its socio-economic aspect. As a result of the study, conclusions were drawn that the development of legal regulation of northern imports is one of the factors in the sustainable development of the North and Arctic of Russian Federation.

Оценка динамики развития инфраструктуры автомобильного транспорта регионов Арктики

This article presents the results of approbation of the author’s methodology of complex assessment of regional transport infrastructure development, which allows to determine the level of transport provision of territories in two independent structural blocks: social and production components of transport infrastructure development. The object of the study was chosen as the infrastructure of the motor transport complex of the regions whose territories are fully belonging to the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation – the Murmansk Oblast, the Nenets, Yamalo-Nenets and Chukotka Autonomous Okrugs. As estimation parameters on the social component were used the index of transport network density per 10 thousand people, complex index of transport provision of territories (Engel’s coefficient), coefficient of transport mobility of the population; as estimation parameters on the production component were used the indexes of transport network density relative to economic entities of the region and complex indexes of transport provision of production, taking into account the production of the re-gion.

Assessment of the state of fixed assets of enterprises and organizations in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation as a factor determining its sustainable development

The analysis of the state of fixed assets is important for determining the production capabilities of the organization and strategic prospects of its development. The value of fixed assets determines the production capacity of the company, timely renewal of fixed assets increases their productivity and operational efficiency, while reducing the probability of losses caused by equipment failure as a result of systemic depreciation. Decrease in the rate of fixed assets reproduction leads to decline in production capacity and productivity level, increase in repair costs, decrease in the quality and competitiveness of products, reduction of income. The condition and degree of efficiency of fixed assets use affect the final results of economic activity of organizations of all forms of ownership and organizational and legal forms. The aim of this study is to assess the condition of fixed assets of enterprises and organizations in the territories of the regions included in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, since it is their availability and quality that is the basis for sustainable development and determines the available economic and production potential. Economic and statistical and comparative analysis were chosen as research methods. According to the results of the analysis, it was found out that the state of fixed assets in the Russian Federation as a whole is deteriorating, the measures taken to stimulate entrepreneurs to modernize production facilities, although caused some positive changes, but the expected results have not been achieved. The described situation is typical for the whole territory of the country, but it is especially relevant for the Arctic zone, where the realization of large-scale production and infrastructure projects is planned in the near future. To solve this problem will require joint efforts and interest in the result not only from the state, but also from business.

Оценка готовности региональной хозяйственной системы к переходу на реализацию концепции комплексной переработки минерально-сырьевых ресурсов (на примере Мурманской области)

For the Arctic regions, which have significant reserves of minerals, but the most environmentally fragile, the transition to the implementation of the concept of integrated processing of mineral resources becomes critically necessary due to the development of economic activity in this territory and the prospective plans for the development of new deposits, defined by the Strategy for the Development of the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation up to 2035. The possibility of such a transition is ensured by the readiness of economic entities in the region to such changes. The purpose of this study is to assess the readiness of the regional economic system to the transition to the implementation of the concept of integrated processing of mineral resources on the example of the Murmansk Oblast and to determine the directions of implementation of such changes. As a result, it was revealed that the regional economic system of the Murmansk Oblast has a fairly high level of resistance and an average value of readiness for changes associated with the transition to the implementation of the concept of integrated processing of mineral resources, which characterizes the level of its readiness as the level of "unstable success". The key factors of resistance were identified and measures for their levelling were proposed, which allow concretizing the implementation of the Strategy for the Development of the Mineral Resource Base of the Russian Federation at the regional level and contributing to its further more effective execution.

Позиции экспертно-аналитических центров России и КНР по российско-китайскому сотрудничеству в Арктике

Today, Russia and China are each other’s most important partners in the international arena. The article discusses such an important area of their relations as interaction in the Arctic region and evolution of its development. In recent years, the role of analytic centers has grown, especially as the world faces complex global challenges such as climate change, economic inequality and political polarization. That is why the positions of the expert and analytical community of the Russian Federation and China on the issue of Russian-Chinese cooperation in the Arctic are of great interest in the article. In particular, the concept of “think tanks” is considered, the expert and analytical communities of Russia and China are studied, the developments of Russian and Chinese “think tanks” in such key areas as the development of natural resources of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation and the transport infrastructure of the Russian Arctic, including the Northern Sea Route, scientific and technological cooperation. The article identifies similarities and differences in the views of Russian and Chinese scientists on these issues. The article considers the period from the beginning of Russian-Chinese co-operation in the Far North up to the present time, that is, approximately for the last 10 years.

Reliability of pile foundations in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation (Tomsk)

One of the main problems associated with the operation of building structures in permafrost conditions, is the deformation of support systems due to changes in soil geometric parameters. The methods used today for assessing the health of buildings and support systems are not universal. One of the important indicators during the buildings operation, which allows us to determine the health of the permafrost soil–pile foundation–structure system, is the vibrational amplitude of the supporting structure.Purpose: The aim of this work is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the pile foundation reliability in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation.Methodology/approach: Modern monitoring and remote sensing technologies are used to collect the real-time data. Numerical modeling was carried out to assess long-term trends in changes in meteorological parameters and their impact on pile foundations. New methods and technologies are developed to improve the stability of pile structures in permafrost conditions and permanently frozen soil.Practical implications: The obtained results can be used in design and operation of buildings in permafrost conditions. Moreover, these results can be used to develop new technologies and equipment for improving the performance in the oil and gas and other industries relating to engineering structures in the Arctic zone of Russia.