Archival Series Research Articles

Sottoscrizioni autografe nelle più antiche carte del monastero di S. Liberatore alla Maiella. Contributo alla storia del rapporto tra scrittura e alfabetismo in Abruzzo nel secolo X

The essay that aims to contribute to the history of relations between writing and literacy in Abruzzo in the 10th century, comes from a section (pp. CLXII-CLXX) of the “Historical, Palaeographical and Codicological Introduction” to the volume published by the author in 2003. The immediate geo-monastic context is that of S. Liberatore alla Maiella, the biggest of the “cellae” of Montecassino in Abruzzo, and one of the most remarkable among the about sixty dependencies called “prepositurae”, belonging to the cassinese monastery in the south-central Italy. The general objective is to make known the entire archive group of S. Liberatore, both that of medieval age in the cited volume, and that of modern age in the following, which appeared in 2006. This specific series of the cassinese archives, gravitating towards S. Liberatore but relating also to other minor monastic centres of the Abruzzo and today preserved in the capsules XCVIII-CIV, contains a total of 801 documents. Among these there are some particularly known to the researchers, especially after the contributions of Enrico Carusi (1929, 1932) and Herbert Bloch (1986), as the “Memoratorium” of abbot Bertharius († 883) and the “Commemoratorium” – testamentary inventory – of the prior of S. Liberatore, then abbot of Montecassino Theobald († 1035/1037). Some documents have preserved interesting discoveries, as the current caps. XCVIII, fasc. I, no. 4, a charter of July 936, which encloses the oldest autographical signature (“Ego qui supra Arechisi”) by Arechis, judge of Capua, the same person who underwrote the Placitum dated 960, the first official testimony of the Italian vernacular. Others constitute a homogeneous group of charters (Nos. 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13), whose complete edition offered finally the oldest complete collection of agrarian contracts of Montecassino (from 950 to 984), especially in the form of emphyteusis – “livelli” – (generally for a term of twenty-nine years), the most widely used for the management of land in the cassinese sphere, having the character of a lease with the compensation of a fee proportionate to the land. On this historical and documentary plot, is interwoven the palaeographical profile, whose subject is the significance of the older charters (10th cent.) of S. Liberatore for the history of the relations between writing and literacy in Abruzzo, profile based upon the signatures of the witnesses, but also in certain cases of the authors of the document. The investigation concerning 33 documents edited – except no. 1 (forgery) –, dated between 935 and 1000, shows a total of 104 signatures in the original, and 7 in the copy. Remarkable is the number of lay subscribers (69) compared to ecclesiastic (18). The lay writers use in large part the basic minuscule: basic elementary (15), between the elementary and the usual (23), usual (25), and only in rare cases usual beneventan (6). Prevalent among the ecclesiastics (all belonging to the cassinese area or South Longobardia) the Beneventan script: usual (10) or book hand (2); the remaining ecclesiastics from Abruzzo, sign in minuscule: between the basic elementary and the usual (1), and usual (3). From the palaeographical analysis springs the following conclusions: there are two distinct cultural areas: one is a reflection of the South Longobardia, the other derives from local area in which the writers use a minuscule mirroring a basic graphic education if not rudimentary. So it is to record the existence of a range of subjects whose writing was ordinary but which also recognized the symbolic value, as in the case of the personalized “signum crucis”; on the other hand, the use of the Beneventan script, typical of the territory to which belonged Montecassino, appears to be reserved for a minority of ecclesiastical origin.

Review Essay: Wayan Gandera and the Hidden History of Gamelan Gong Kebyar

Review Essay:Wayan Gandera and the Hidden History of Gamelan Gong Kebyar Michael Tenzer (bio) CD Reviewed: Bali South: Gamelan Gong Kebyar & Gamelan Angklung. UCLA Ethnomusicology Archive Series Vol. 1 (88251 70003 2 8). Recorded by Gertrude Rivers Robinson in 1970. Includes a 22-page booklet with photos, new annotations by I Nyoman Wenten, Ph.D., and the original notes by Gertrude Rivers Robinson. A new CD of Balinese music featuring the mainstream repertoire foregrounded on Bali South will likely not strike connoisseurs as anything exceptional. The marketplace is amply stocked with comparable items. The gamelan gong kebyar featured here on the first four tracks, the celebrated Gunung Sari of Peliatan village, has been recorded commercially numerous times since its 1952 world tour-the first by a Balinese music and dance troupe-and virtually identical versions of most if not all of the compositions included have been available elsewhere at one time or another.1 The word kebyar, of course, describes the flashy, energetic style of Balinese gamelan most famous around the world and most widespread on the island itself. But there is no reason why the estimable Gunung Sari cannot, like the Berlin Philharmonic, release multiple recordings of the same music, especially when it is foreigners, not they, who instigate them. And Gunung Sari itself, extant in some form since the mid-1920s, has certainly scaled historic heights: it performed often for Sukarno while he was Indonesian president (1950-65), won frequent competitions at home in the 1930s and 1940s, and even dropped in to play at the 1931 Paris Exposition, evoking profuse responses from Artaud, Cocteau, Milhaud, and a roster of other impressionable auds and eaus in the Paris intelligentsia. I don't think it is going too far to say that Western experiences of Gunung Sari crystallized the durable images and sounds of young, sensual "Bali dancers" that were adopted and diffused into Western modernist consciousness. Bali South, however, is by all appearances innocent of Gunung Sari's hoary public life as a cultural icon and makes no move to update or revise it. Yet for [End Page 109] this observer the need for such revision is both timely and overdue, and the chance to launch such an inquiry on the shoulders of this unassuming new publication is irresistible. The CD and the Peliatan Kebyar Canon The kebyar tracks on Bali South were originally issued in 1973, also by UCLA, as an LP. These and the other five selections on the CD were recorded in 1970 by Gertrude Rivers Robinson, prior to that time a student of Mantle Hood in the UCLA ethnomusicology program. Robinson passed away in 1995, but for more than twenty years she was professor of music at Loyola Marymount University, also in Los Angeles, where she composed some of the first works combining gamelan and Western instruments. (At a 1981 festival in San Diego I heard and saw her idiosyncratic Bayangan, a mini-ballet with visuals scored for eight gamelan instruments and chamber septet composed in the early 1970s.) She was important to the UCLA scene at the time and it is good that her work is seeing light again. Bali South features three brief instrumental works ("Sekar Jepun," "Gambang Suling," and "Hujan Mas") plus the warhorse dance piece "Teruna Jaya," done in the ubiquitous standard version known by virtually every musician on the island, but with a special passage of interlocking parts (kotekan) inserted near the beginning that suffices, minimally, to mark this rendition as Peliatan's. As for the instrumental pieces heard here, they are still current in Peliatan but not elsewhere, at least any more. They are somewhat fossilized, actually, and offer a view of Peliatan's music in the mid-1960s, when the group first played them. It is striking that although thirty years have passed since the Bali South LP appeared, the recording still reflects living practice in this particular pocket of Bali. Anyone who has visited Peliatan over the years may well have heard one or more of them (plus the short instrumental, "Kapi Raja," featured on the 1952 tour) at Gunung Sari's weekly tourist performance, where the same repertoire is recycled week after week, year...

Autonomous data acquisition system for Paks NPP process noise signals

A prototype of a new concept noise diagnostics data acquisition system has been developed recently to renew the aged present system. This new system is capable of collecting the whole available noise signal set simultaneously. Signal plugging and data acquisition are performed by autonomous systems (installed at each reactor unit) that are controlled through the standard plant network from a central computer installed at a suitable location. Experts can use this central unit to process and archive data series downloaded from the reactor units. This central unit also provides selected noise diagnostics information for other departments. The paper describes the hardware and software architecture of the new system in detail, emphasising the potential benefits of the new approach.

Bali South: Gamelan Gong Kebyar and Gamelan Angklung. 2003. UCLA Ethnomusicology Archive Series Vol. 1. UCLA Ethnomusicology Publications 88251 70003 2 8. Recorded by Gertrude Rivers Robinson. Annotated by Robinson and I Nyoman Wenten. 22 pages of notes in English. 1 colour, 6 B/W photographs. 1 compact disc, 9 tracks (66:34).

Bali South: Gamelan Gong Kebyar and Gamelan Angklung. 2003. UCLA Ethnomusicology Archive Series Vol. 1. UCLA Ethnomusicology Publications 88251 70003 2 8. Recorded by Gertrude Rivers Robinson. Annotated by Robinson and I Nyoman Wenten. 22 pages of notes in English. 1 colour, 6 B/W photographs. 1 compact disc, 9 tracks (66:34).

Paget's disease of bone in patients younger than 40 years.

Paget's disease of bone, although common in the United States, is relatively rare in patients younger than 40 years. In a large archival series, 10% of patients with Paget's disease of bone were younger than 40 years. Pain followed by pathologic fracture was the most common presenting complaint in this group of patients. There was no gender difference comparing the younger group with the older group of patients. Of the 521 patients in this series, only 10 were African-American; the others were Caucasians. Seven African-American patients were in the group of patients who were younger than 40 years. Appendicular and monostotic bone involvement was more frequent in the younger age group although these differences were not statistically significant. The incidence of malignant transformation in pagetic bone was high (30.3%), and is a reflection of the high volume of uncommon tumor referrals to our consultation service. However, there were no cases of associated malignancies in the group of patients younger than 40 years.

Co-expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) in thyroid nodules is associated with co-expression of CD30 ligand/CD30 receptor.

Data on the expression of interleukin 6 (IL-6)/interleukin 6 receptor (IL-6R) in thyroid nodules is scarce. Based on our recent data of CD30 ligand (CD30L)/CD30 receptor (CD30) in these nodules and on the knowledge that this signal stimulates IL-6 production in non-thyroid neoplasms, we wanted to evaluate the immunocytochemical expression of these 2 ligand/receptor systems in a large archival series of paraffin-embedded specimens. These specimens included 6 normal thyroids and 130 thyroid nodules. Co-expression of IL-6 and IL-6R in the epithelial (follicular) cells was observed solely in CD30L/CD30 positive nodules: 5/15 (33%) oncocytic adenomas; 6/30 (20%) follicular adenomas which belonged to 2 variants (4/4 microfollicular toxic and 2/2 hyalinizing trabecular); 9/30 (30%) papillary thyroid cancers (PTC), all belonging to the conventional variant. In PTC the proportion of tumor epithelial cells that were IL6 positive was inversely correlated with the pTNM staging (r=-0.549, p=0.01). All 15 follicular cancers (FTC), all 6 anaplastic cancers (ATC) were IL-6/lL-6R negative; 14/15 FTC and 5/6 ATC were CD30L/CD30 negative. In another oncocytic adenoma, another 4 conventional PTC and another 7 non-conventional PTC CD30L/CD30 expression was associated to expression of IL-6 only. IL-6 staining associated to absent expression of CD30L and CD30 was observed in 7 follicular adenomas (all belonging to variants different from toxic and hyalinizing trabecular), 2 oncocytic adenomas, 5 of the 30 colloid nodules and 2 normal thyroids. Of the 6 tumors arising from the parafollicular C cells (medullary thyroid cancer, MTC), all 3 that had metastasized were CD30L/CD30/IL-6 positive and IL-6R negative; only IL-6 expression was lost in both the local and distant metastases. This finding matched the loss of IL-6 expression in one PTC metastasis. All 3 non-metastasized MTC were IL-6/IL-6R negative, and 1/3 was CD30L positive/CD30 negative. We conclude that only in a subset of both benign and malignant thyroid nodules the IL-6/IL-6R signal could be induced by the CD30L/CD30. IL-6 expression is related with aggressiveness in both PTC and MTC. In the normal thyroid tissue, colloid nodules, and another subset of benign and malignant thyroid nodules, IL-6 expression is under control of signals other than CD30L/CD30.

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Replicative Mcm2 protein as a novel proliferation marker in oligodendrogliomas and its relationship to Ki67 labelling index, histological grade and prognosis.

The grading and prognostic assessment of oligodendrogliomas is severely constrained and there remains a need for improved diagnosis. Recently, we have identified the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) family of proteins as a novel class of proliferation markers. Mcm2 is a protein which forms part of the prereplicative complex. It is necessary for this complex to be assembled at origins of future DNA replication during the G1 phase to allow genome replication in the subsequent S phase. Our aim was to determine whether analysis of Mcm2 protein expression in oligodendrogliomas is of diagnostic value. Immunohistochemical staining for Mcm2 was performed on an archival series of 32 oligodendrogliomas. These tumours have been previously characterized for Ki67, mitotic labelling index and outcome. Cells showing expression of Mcm2 were quantified as a percentage to provide an Mcm2 labelling index. We have demonstrated a good correlation between Mcm2 and Ki67 labelling indices (r = 0.76, P < 0.01) but immunohistochemistry for Mcm2 consistently identified a higher proportion of cells. Mcm2 labelling index was higher in grade III than grade II tumours (P < 0.001). Cases with a high Mcm2 labelling index showed a poorer prognosis than those with a low index (P = 0.497) in univariate analysis, but with wide variation in this small series. Demonstration of Mcm2 expression is of value to demonstrate the proliferative fraction of tumours and is likely to be of prognostic value. Its study in a larger series is therefore warranted.

The history of folic acid.

The history of folic acid.

Imbalances of chromosome 17 in medulloblastomas determined by comparative genomic hybridisation and fluorescence in situ hybridisation

Aims—To investigate the status of chromosome 17 in a series of medulloblastomas using comparative genomic hybridisation (CGH) and fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH). Methods—Frozen tissue and formalin fixed, paraffin wax...

Expression of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and distribution of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation in glioblastoma and in a glioma multicellular tumour spheroid model.

Development of necrosis is a characteristic feature of glioblastoma but its pathogenesis remains poorly understood. The process of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation in response to DNA damage is mediated by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and results in NAD+ depletion. The consequent ATP and energy depletion may result in cell necrosis. Therefore PARP activation is a potential candidate for a regulatory role in the pathogenesis of necrosis in glioblastoma. This study investigated whether there might be a relationship between both PARP expression and poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation, and necrosis in glioblastoma. The pattern of expression of PARP and of poly(ADP-ribose) groups in an archival series of glioblastoma was examined using immunohistochemistry. These parameters were also studied in multicellular tumour spheroids, derived from human glioma cell lines in which central necrosis develops with increasing spheroid diameter. Poly(ADP-ribose) groups were expressed in peri-necrotic tumour cells in glioblastoma. In the spheroid model poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation was seen centrally in pre-necrotic and necrotic cells with increasing spheroid diameter. PARP was widely expressed in viable tumour cells in the glioblastoma sections. In the spheroids, PARP expression, which was initially diffuse, became confined to the outer proliferative zone with increasing diameter. The pattern of expression of poly(ADP-ribose) groups in the spheroids and in glioblastoma raises the possibility that poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation may play a role in the development of necrosis in glioma. The high basal PARP expression in both glioblastoma and the spheroids suggests that this enzyme may have additional roles in glioma cell biology.

Expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in oligodendrogliomas and their relationship to apoptosis.

Apoptotic bodies are frequently found in oligodendrogliomas, particularly in the anaplastic subtype. A range of proteins, such as those of the Bcl family, are implicated in the control of apoptosis. The ratio of antagonists of apoptosis, such as Bcl-2, to agonists, such as Bax, is thought to determine the outcome for a particular cell. This study aimed to determine the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins in a series of oligodendrogliomas and to relate the expression of these to measures of apoptosis. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in an archival series of 32 oligodendrogliomas. The results were scored semiquantitatively for the extent and intensity of tumour staining. Apoptosis indices were determined by counting apoptotic bodies on haematoxylin and eosin staining and the percentage of cells showing a positive reaction with the TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end-labelling technique (TUNEL). Granular cytoplasmic staining for Bcl-2 was seen in tumour cells in 81% of cases. Cases with a strong intensity (but not extent) of staining showed a lower TUNEL index (P=0.038). Bcl-2 expression was identified in the walls of intratumoural blood vessels in 55% of cases and in peri-tumoural neurones (where present) in 87%. Bax expression was detected in tumour cells in 69% of cases but no relationship to TI was detected. Bax positivity was seen in blood vessels in 44% of cases and peri-tumoural neurones in 60%. Bcl-2 and Bax were concluded to be expressed in a high proportion of oligodendrogliomas, suggesting that they may exert a regulatory role in cell death in these tumours.

Henry James: The Contemporary Reviews

Reviewed by: Henry James: The Contemporary Reviews Sheila Teahan Kevin J. Hayes, ed. Henry James: The Contemporary Reviews. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1996. 477 pp. $95.00 (cloth). This recent volume in the American Critical Archives series offers the most complete collection yet published of contemporary British and American magazine and newspaper reviews of James’s writings. The reviews cover twenty-two works, including the major novels, as well as The Reverberator, The Other House, The Two Magics (comprising The Turn of the Screw and Covering End), and The American Scene. They are chronologically arranged by work and then in order of appearance, and each chapter is followed by a checklist of additional reviews. Hayes’s selection underlines some striking differences between British and American responses to certain works. Especially in reviews of the early novels, American critics tend to be either defensive or complacent about the assumed typicality of James’s American characters. Judging from this volume, for example, The American appears to have been received more positively in Britain than in the U.S. Some American reviewers are offended by what they perceive as Christopher Newman’s implied representativeness; one complains, If Mr. James had chosen to write his novel with Newman for hero, and to call it by his name, or Mme. de Cintré’s, or any other, and to let Newman go as a representative of a certain kind of American who gets rich in California, very well; but to have an American hold this man up to the world as the American is not highly satisfactory. (35–36) Eclectic Magazine finds that the Wentworths inspire “the reader to feel a sort of conscious pride in being an American” (57); Atlantic Monthly “cannot help wishing that our native authors would have done with this incessant drawing of comparisons between ourselves and the folk in Europe, and our respective ways of living, thinking, and talking” (63). A less literal-minded British reviewer hails The Europeans as “perhaps the purest piece of realism ever done” and predicts that James might become “one of the most renowned novelists of his epoch” (49). Students of James are familiar with his distress over his steadily waning popularity and depression about the commercial failure of the New York Edition. Those who have not read widely among contemporary reviews of his work may expect to find predominately obtuse or hostile responses to James’s genre-changing technical and stylistic innovations. Such responses are here, but they are balanced, if not always outweighed, by an abundance of astute and sympathetic readings. The Portrait of a Lady is almost universally recognized as James’s most [End Page 100] significant and fully achieved work to date. W. C. Brownell in Nation calls Portrait “the most eminent example we have thus far had of realistic art in fiction” (148), while a New York Tribune reviewer finds it “properly to be compared . . . with the gravest and most serious works of imagination which have been devoted to the study of the social conditions of the age and the moral aspects of our civilization” (136). Some reviewers are quick to grasp James’s privileging of interiority; Brownell refers to his “attempt to dispense with all the ordinary machinery of the novelist except the study of the subtle shades of character” (146). The Pall Mall Gazette praises Daisy Miller for James’s innovative use of limited third-person narrative (74). Of The Bostonians, one reviewer observes that under James’s influence the novel “has become so far revolutionized that it is no longer a story” (155); another approvingly announces James’s and Howells’s establishment of the “analytical school of novel writers” (159). Of course, the critical reception of The Bostonians and The Princess Casamassima was mixed. Reviews of The Bostonians range from the Independent’s complaint that it is “not worth writing” and “unreadable” (167) to the Boston Beacon’s prediction that “the literary mastership of the Bostonians [sic], will be prized and praised after the fault-finders of today are forgotten” (160). The Princess Casamassima is faulted by the New York Times for its “decadence” and “want of virility” (181, 179), yet found by Saturday Review to be “worth a...

The Poetry and Poetics of Constantine P. Cavafy: Aesthetic Visions of Sensual Reality (review)

Reviewed by: The Poetry and Poetics of Constantine P. Cavafy: Aesthetic Visions of Sensual Reality George Syrimis John P. Anton, The Poetry and Poetics of Constantine P. Cavafy: Aesthetic Visions of Sensual Reality. Chur, Switzerland: Harwood Academic Publishers. 1995. Pp. 387. There is little doubt that Cavafian criticism is one of the most fertile areas in Greek letters. Professor John P. Anton is not a newcomer to the study of modern Greek literature; his book is the latest addition to what is an already accomplished career and a productive field. His involvement with Greek literature includes the work of Solomos, Palamas, Kazantzakis, and Sikelianos. This monograph inaugurates the Greek Poetry Archive series, edited by Professor Anton himself, which aims to feature monographs on key modern Greek poets from the nineteenth century to the present, as well as a bilingual collection of their poetry translated into English. Inaugurating a new series with a book entitled The Poetry and Poetics of Constantine P. Cavafy may give the impression that this monograph aspires to be an exhaustive study. Such an attempt would have risked repeating the valuable work of previous scholars and have rendered much of Anton’s analysis redundant. Instead, the book focuses on the problems that attended Cavafy’s development as a poet and, in particular, on his work up to 1911. The central organizing principle behind Anton’s study is the concept of an evolutionary model of poetic development that moves away from the notion of a natural genius and toward the notion of talent. The word “genius,” reinforced by its original sense as “spirit,” assumed its modern connotation of transcendental power during the Romantic movement, which Cavafy rejected early in his career. Anton contrasts genius (a poet’s inborn ability) with talent, [End Page 368] which attributes poetic creativity to the development of a skill that may be acquired. Drawing evidence from Cavafy’s own notes on poetic practice and from a variety of secondary sources, Anton delineates a model for Cavafy’s “maturation” from experimental symbolism to the uniquely personal style we now recognize as Cavafy’s own. Central to this argument is the assertion that Cavafy was not born a poet, but became one. The book’s organization, as well as much of its style, is heavily indebted to spatial metaphors of (1) escape from concentric circles of imprisonment and (2) a journey of liberation. Chapter 1 takes us on a tour of Alexandria through the various periods of its history—from its founding by Alexander the Great to its flourishing under the Ptolemies, its conquest by the Romans, its medieval obscurity, and its modern revival. Chapters 2 and 3 focus more specifically on the poet’s personal life and the forces that shaped his personality. His declining social status and his homosexuality are central to these two chapters although the latter is not explicitly named as such but is rather questionably and variously referred to as “his sensuality,” “his erotic reorientation,” “his maladjustment,” “his condition,” and “his erotic hunger.” Though much of this historical and biographical information is available in other sources (e.g., Robert Liddell’s Cavafy: A Critical Biography [London: Duckworth, 1974], Timos Malanos’s [Athens: Difros, 1957], and Stratis Tsirkas’s [Athens: Kedros, 1958]), nevertheless the first three chapters provide, in a concise and convenient manner, rather valuable basic information about Alexandria and Cavafy himself. To the extent that one of the stated purposes of this book is “to introduce the reader to the poetry and poetics of Constantine P. Cavafy,” these chapters have a legitimate place. The subsequent seven chapters sketch the painstaking process whereby Cavafy struggled with the burden of symbolism and overcame the creative crisis precipitated by his feelings of poetic inadequacy as well as of alienation and isolation—the crisis that Anton, vacillating between two explanations, attributes at times to the poet’s closeted homosexuality and at times to the modern predicament of the megalopolis. Grounding his analysis primarily on “The City,” “Walls,” and “The Windows,” Anton examines the years from 1894 to 1910 as the formative period in Cavafy’s career. His analysis of Cavafy’s creative process is based on a meticulous and comprehensive study of the...

Expression of neuronal markers in oligodendrogliomas: an immunohistochemical study.

The oligodendroglioma has been considered to be a tumour showing oligodendrocyte differentiation, but studies of the expression of oligodendrocyte markers have not conclusively demonstrated this and the pattern of differentiation of this tumour remains uncertain. Recent studies have suggested that some oligodendrogliomas may show neuronal differentiation. The aim of this study was to determine whether there was evidence of neuronal differentiation in a series of oligodendrogliomas, and, if so, to determine whether this identified a biologically or clinically distinct group. Immunohistochemistry was carried out on paraffin sections using antibodies to synaptophysin, phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated neurofilament proteins. An archival series of 32 oligodendrogliomas had been previously characterized for histological features, histological grade, Ki-67 labelling index, apoptosis index and prognosis. Six per cent of tumours showed expression of synaptophysin. Thirty-one per cent of cases showed expression of neurofilament proteins with an antibody to non-phosphorylated epitopes, but no cases were positive with antibodies to phosphorylated neurofilament epitopes. Tumours showing expression of neuronal markers did not show a difference in the distribution of histological grade or GFAP expression from those which did not express these markers, and there was no difference in labelling indices or prognosis between the two groups. In conclusion, a subset of oligodendrogliomas showed expression of neuronal lineage markers; this is discussed in relation to histogenesis and differential diagnosis. The expression of such markers did not identify a biologically or clinically distinct subgroup.

P53 aberrations in oral submucous fibrosis and oral squamous cell carcinoma detected by immunocytochemistry and PCR-SSCP.

An archival series of oral biopsies from Karachi, Pakistan, consisting of 21 cases of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) and 27 cases of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), of which 6 had arisen from OSF, were used to examine the aberrations in the structure and expression of the p53 tumour suppressor gene. The PCR-SSCP method was used for mutation analysis of exons 2-9, and (over)expression of p53 protein was detected by immunocytochemistry using monoclonal antibody DO 7. Positive immunostaining was observed in 15/20 (75%) of OSF specimens, 3/6 (50%) of SCC arising from OSF and 14/21 (67%) of SCC not arising from OSF. Mobility shifts in SSCP indicative of a mutation in p53 or loss of heterozygosity (deletion of a band) were seen in 13/21 cases of OSF and 15/27 cases of SCC. There was concordance between immunocytochemistry and SSCP results in a majority (33/48) of samples. Though the number of analysed SCC cases arising from OSF was limited, the results suggest that p53 mutation/protein stabilisation may play a part in the pathogenesis of OSF and its progression to SCC.

The Stanford Archive Series

Journal Article The Stanford Archive Series Get access Andrew Farkas Andrew Farkas Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Opera Quarterly, Volume 14, Issue 4, Summer 1998, Pages 127–129, https://doi.org/10.1093/oq/14.4.127 Published: 01 July 1998

William Chase &lt;italic&gt;et al.&lt;/italic&gt;, editors. &lt;italic&gt;A Research Guide&lt;/italic&gt;. Volume 1, &lt;italic&gt;Guide to Collections/Putevoditel'. Tom 1, Kratkii spravochnik fondov&lt;/italic&gt;. (The Russian Archive Series.) Moscow: Blagovest, for the Center for the Study of Russia and the Soviet Union and the Russian State Archive of the Economy; distributed by the Russian Publications Project, Center for Russian and East European Studies, University of Pittsburgh,

Journal Article William Chase et al., editors. A Research Guide. Volume 1, Guide to Collections/Putevoditel'. Tom 1, Kratkii spravochnik fondov. (The Russian Archive Series.) Moscow: Blagovest, for the Center for the Study of Russia and the Soviet Union and the Russian State Archive of the Economy; distributed by the Russian Publications Project, Center for Russian and East European Studies, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa. 1994. Pp. xx, 679. $33.00, Genrich M. Deych. A Research Guide to Materials on the History of Russian Jewry (Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries) in Selected Archives of the Former Soviet Union/Putevoditel'; Arkhivnye dokumenty po istorii evreev v Rossii v XEX-nachale XX vv. Edited and foreword by Benjamin Nathans. (Russian Archive Series.) Moscow: Blagovest, for the Center for the Study of Russia and the Soviet Union; distributed by the Russian Publications Project, Center for Russian and East European Studies, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa. n.d. Pp. xi, 149. $33.00, Gregory L. Freeze and S. V. Mironenko, editors. A Research Guide. Volume 1, Collections of the State Archive of the Russian Federation on the History of Russia in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries/Putevoditel': Tom 1, Fondy Gosudarstvennogo arkhiva Rossiiskoi Federatsii po istorii Rossii XEX-nachala XX vv. (Russian Archive Series.) Moscow: Blagovest, for the State Archive of the Russian Federation and the Center for the Study of Russia and the Soviet Union; distributed by the Russian Publications Project, Center for Russian and East European Studies, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa. 1994. Pp. xviii, 394. $33.00, J. Arch Getty and V. P. Kozlov, editors. A Research Guide/Kratkii putevoditel': Fondy i kollektsii, sobrannye Tsentral'nym partiinym arkhivom. Assisted by O. V. Naumov, V. O. Urazov, and N. P. Iakovlev. (The Russian Archive Series.) Moscow: Blagov Get access Chase Williamet al. , editors. A Research Guide. Volume 1, Guide to Collections/Putevodite’. Tom 1, Kratkii spravochnik fondov. (The Russian Archive Series.) Moscow: Blagovest, for the Center for the Study of Russia and the Soviet Union and the Russian State Archive of the Economy; distributed by the Russian Publications Project, Center for Russian and East European Studies, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa. 1994. Pp. xx, 679. $33.00. Deych Genrich M.. A Research Guide to Materials on the History of Russian Jewry (Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries) in Selected Archives of the Former Soviet UnionlPutevoditel’; Arkhivnye dokumenty po istorii evreev v Rossii v XIX-nachale XX vv. Edited and foreword by Nathans Benjamin. (Russian Archive Series.) Moscow: Blagovest, for the Center for the Study of Russia and the Soviet Union; distributed by the Russian Publications Project, Center for Russian and East European Studies, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa. n.d. Pp. xi, 149. $33.00. Freeze Gregory L. and Mironenko S. V., editors. A Research Guide. Volume 1, Collections of the State Archive of the Russian Federation on the History of Russia in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries/Putevoditel’: Tom 1, Fondy Gosudarstvennogo arkhiva Rossiiskoi Federatsii po istorii Rossii XIX-nachala XX vv. (Russian Archive Series.) Moscow: Blagovest, for the State Archive of the Russian Federation and the Center for the Study of Russia and the Soviet Union; distributed by the Russian Publications Project, Center for Russian and East European Studies, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa. 1994. Pp. xviii, 394. $33.00. Getty J. Arch and Kozlov V. P., editors. A Research Guide/Kratkii putevoditel’: Fondy i kollektsii, sobrannye TsentraVnym partiinym arkhivom. Assisted by Naumov O. V., Urazov V. O., and Iakovlev N. P.. (The Russian Archive Series.) Moscow: Blagovest, for the Russian Center for Preservation and Study of Documents of Contemporary History and the Center for the Study of Russia and the Soviet Union; distributed by the Russian Publications Project, Center for Russian and East European Studies, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa. 1993. Pp. xxx, 220. $33.00. Kozlov V. A. and Mironenko S. V., editors. Archive of Contemporary Russian History. Volume 1, The “Special Files” for I. V. Stalin: From Materials of the Secretariat of the Nkvd-Mvd of the Ussr, 1944–1953; A Catalogue of Documents/Arkhiv noveishei istorii Rossii. Tom 1, “Osobaia papka” I. V. Stalina: Iz materialov Sekretariata NKVD-MVD SSSR 1944–1953 gg.; Katalog dokumentov. (“Katalogi”; Russian Archive Series.) Moscow: Blagovest. 1994. Pp. 353. $33.00. Kozlov V. A. and Mironenko S. V., editors. Archive of Contemporary Russian History. Volume 2, The “Special Files” for V. M. Molotov: From Materials of the Secretariat of the Nkvd-Mvd of the USSR, 1944–1956; A Catalogue of Documents/Arkhiv noveishei istorii Rossii. Tom 2, “Osobaia papka” V. M. Molotova: Iz materialov Sekretariata Nkvd-Mvd SSSR 1944–1956 gg.; Katalog dokumentov. (“Katalogi”; Russian Archive Series.) Moscow: Blagovest. 1994. Pp. 219. $33.00. David L. Ransel David L. Ransel Indiana University, Bloomington Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The American Historical Review, Volume 102, Issue 2, April 1997, Pages 486–487, https://doi.org/10.1086/ahr/102.2.486 Published: 01 April 1997

Sources for Cameroonian colonial history in Western archives and libraries

Despite the publication of several excellent guides to colonial materials and Africana collections held in Western libraries, locating suitable archival sources for Cameroonian colonial history remains a challenge. While some documentation continues to reside in Cameroon itself, the bulk of material from the colonial period can be found in a series of Western libraries and archives scattered across Europe and the United States. The following introductory guide, based on my own research and correspondence with the institutions in question, is intended to help other researchers locate archival materials of interest to their work.Shortly after the German Colonial Society was disbanded the University of Frankfurt acquired its extensive library of colonial materials and integrated them into its own collection. Consequently, Frankfurt is by far the best source for locating published materials on the German colonial empire.

The flow cytometric analysis of total p53 protein content and proliferation indices in colorectal cancer, in relation to clinical outcome

This study was undertaken to assess the value of flow cytometric measurements of total p53 protein content and proliferation indices derived from in vivo halogenated pyrimidine labelling. Two series of colorectal cancer specimens were studied for which clinical outcome data were recorded. A series of 84 archival, ethanol-fixed, bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) labelled colorectal tumours were analysed by flow cytometry for their total and cell cycle phase p53 protein content using the pAb1801 monoclonal antibody. A second series of 33 freshly obtained tumours was used for assay evaluation and for comparison with the archival material. In the archival series (n=84), the median p53-pAb1801 LI was 81.9% (range: 11.1-99.8%). In only three tumours could significant amounts of p53 protein not be detected. The median phase specific p53-pAb1801 LI in G0/G1 was 71.6%, in S was 95.5%, and in G2/M was 98.5%. In the series of fresh tumours (n=33), the median p53-pAb1801 labelling index (LI) was 94.6% (range: 17.9-99.9%). Only two tumours failed to express significant amounts of p53 protein. There was no significant difference in the generally high levels of p53 protein content between the fresh and archival series. Life-table analysis of the patients in the archival series failed to demonstrate a statistical difference in life expectancy in relation to Dukes' stage when tumours were stratified by the median total p53 labelling index. In this study, p53 content and proliferative indices measured by flow cytometry do not have independent predictive value over Dukes' grading in determining the outcome of colorectal cancer. Flow cytometry is confirmed as a practical tool for multi-parametric and cell cycle analysis of oncoprotein expression in human tumour biopsies.