Architectural Terminology Research Articles

Functioning and translation of English and Russian architectural terms in academic discourse

The study provides the analysis of architectural terminology in English and Russian in academic discourse. The object of the study is the terminological system of architecture. The subject of the study is the specifics of the use, functioning and translation of English and Russian architectural terminology in academic discourse. The classification and systematization of architectural terms, their hierarchical structure and functional types in academic texts are considered. In addition, the interdisciplinary nature of the architectural sublanguage is emphasized, which intersects with terms from the fields such as engineering, architecture, construction, art and design. The paper also identifies existing difficulties and problems that arise when translating English and Russian-language architectural terms, including differences in the linguistic structure of languages, semantic ambiguity, the need for a high degree of specialization of the translator for the correct interpretation of the term, the use of idiomatic and figurative language to describe some architectural terms, etc. The study uses a comprehensive methodology, in particular, methods of comparative and component analysis, as well as methods of corpus linguistics used to study semantic fields, hierarchical relationships and functional types of terms. The research results emphasize the importance of standardization of architectural terminology, understanding of cultural and historical background, as well as technical knowledge to ensure effective communication in the global architectural community. Analyzing the corpus of texts, including dictionaries, architectural reviews and academic articles, the author explains how specific terms function in academic discourse. This study makes a special contribution to the development of linguistic research in the field of architecture, offering an in-depth analysis of semantic fields and their role in structuring architectural vocabulary. The novelty of the research lies in an integrated approach to the study of the functioning and translation of architectural terms, which allows to identify the difficulties associated with the interdisciplinary character of the terminology. The results of the study will be useful not only for teachers and translators, but also for international experts in the field of architecture.

Development of scientific speech of master's students in architecture

Introduction. The pertinence of the considered problem is stipulated by the fact that nowadays the research aspect is becoming an important part of the master's degree programs in the world's leading architectural schools, and mastering research skills requires the ability to properly present the results of the conducted research in a master's thesis. In the scientific literature there is a growing number of publications dedicated to the formation of professional research competence and skills of writing research texts in native and foreign languages among master's degree architect students. Unresolved problems include the preparation of programs, selection of content and conditions of implementation of such courses. The integrated objective of the paper is to propose a tested structural and content model of the course on the development of scientific speech of future architects. Research methods. The content of the lecture and practical course is based on the author's manuals and the author's monograph, on the material of modern Russian and foreign research on scientific functional style, the study of the language (vocabulary and terminology) of architecture. Texts from literary sources of interest to architects were used as examples. Research results. Successful accomplishment of course objectives is the result of the development and implementation of the structural and content model of teaching in the educational process, including the author's course program and the basic author's methodology, inextricably linked with modern philological studies of architectural and construction discourse, including the sublanguage of architecture and architectural terminology. With the discipline's focus on the formation of general language, universal and professional culture of future masters of architecture it is advisable to use a cross-genre methodological model of teaching with the reliance on the leading principles of construction and implementation of the course such as educational content selection, scientific approach, rationality, historicism, taking into account the motivation and needs of students, accessibility of didactic material, individual approach in teaching, educational teaching and interactivity described information could be interesting for teachers of the Russian language of architectural and construction universities. Conclusion. The described course helps architecture graduate students to broaden their general cultural and professional outlook, to get an idea of another kind of language – scientific language and its genres, scientific communication in Russian, and to master the skills of Russian scientific writing. The course gives students a new perspective on the texts they produce, helps them to understand their own identity as a linguistic person who is as much responsible for the creation of written texts as for the results of architectural and urban planning projects.

INTERDISCIPLINARY DEVELOPMENT AND MODERN TRANSFORMATION OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE TERMINOLOGY

The article is devoted to the basics of the terminology of landscape architecture, which, in connection with the interdisciplinary and regional specifics of various scientific schools, is formed in isolation and requires a special formulation of the task of integrated research and correct unification within the framework of a single terminology of both the historically formed part and its new ones elements that recreate connections with related fields of knowledge such as geography, ecology, urban planning, etc. The research carried out a political justification of the conceptual terminological system of landscape architecture and defined new modern concepts such as "landscape planning", "landscape cluster", "landscape interior", etc. On the basis of a detailed analysis of modern published works and examples of innovative design practice, a model of the conceptual terminological system of landscape architecture is proposed, which includes 6 blocks that have their own specific terminology in accordance with landscape objects characteristic of them. Within the framework of this Inter system, such fragments as classification, typology, taxonomy, functional and local elements are distinguished. It was established that some fragments of the terminology should provide information about natural regions, ecological and urban planning systems, landscapes, recreational networks, greening of the territory of settlements, dendrology, etc. In the process of further improvement of the terminology of landscape architecture, it is necessary to form new, correct existing or accumulate outdated positions in relation to this scientific topic, which corresponds to the evolutionary (prior knowledge), political (modern reality) and legal (connection with legislation) aspects of research work.

Historic Homes of Bastrop, Texas by Robbie Moore Sanders

Reviewed by: Historic Homes of Bastrop, Texas by Robbie Moore Sanders Kenneth Hafertepe Historic Homes of Bastrop, Texas. By Robbie Moore Sanders, with Sandra Chipley. Photographs by Marker Winslett. (College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 2022. Pp. 240. Notes, index.) The rich architectural heritage of Bastrop, one of the oldest towns in Texas, has long been acknowledged. In the 1930s, the Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS) made measured drawings, took photographs and collected historic data about several of the earliest houses. Moreover, Texas Historical Commission historical markers are abundant. In spite of [End Page 608] this early recognition, there has never been a book dedicated to the buildings of Bastrop. This book seeks to rectify this, covering these early houses but also the charming houses large and small of the Victorian era, colonial revival houses, and bungalows and foursquares of the early twentieth century. This is a very attractive volume. The contemporary photographs are uniformly good, well framed and well lit, allowing the rich variety of Bastrop houses to be showcased. Modern photography is supplemented by a selection of historic photos, both of houses and the people who lived in them, a few photos of related structures, and a few floor plans from HABS. The text, however, is not as ambitious as recent studies of such Texas towns as Waxahachie, Glen Rose, and Waco. The book lacks an introduction and simply begins with a discussion of the first house. An introduction is critical here to orient the reader, if briefly, to the general history of Bastrop and to give some sense of the evolution of the town's houses. This is all the more crucial given that the book is organized by street, which is helpful for anyone attempting a windshield survey of the town, but results in a patchwork quilt of eras and styles. Essentially this book is a composite of existing knowledge rather than an attempt at a new interpretation. The county tax assessor records are occasionally used to good advantage, as are early local newspapers, but most of the house entries are based on notes for historic homes tours, recent newspaper articles, or historical markers. Indeed, sometimes historical markers are quoted in their entirety. (Historical markers may be cast in bronze but they are not writ in stone.) Moreover, the entries are so focused on the individual properties that there is no attempt to show how they fit in with the rest of Bastrop houses, much less other Texan or American examples. The reliance on secondary sources leads to the repetition of a great deal of speculation. In the preface the authors acknowledge that many stories included are "unverifiable" but that they are part of the traditions associated with a house. However, no attempt is made to separate family stories which are verifiable from those that are not. Perhaps the most important primary sources in a book like this are the houses themselves. They must be interrogated to see how they evolved over time and who did what and when. The authors use architectural terminology that is sometimes vague or not in common usage, such as "national style," "farmhouse style" or "pinwheel" floorplan. At times it seems that the term "dogtrot" is used to describe an enclosed central passage rather than a roofed-over open space between rooms. The book also exhibits an antiquarian tendency to date a house by its earliest rooms, even if a few early rooms are later overshadowed by a substantial two-story Victorian addition. The point here is not that early rooms [End Page 609] should not be recognized, but that dating should be nuanced enough to acknowledge later additions that fundamentally change a house. Still, this is a handsome volume, and one may hope that it will stimulate more original research into the architectural heritage of Bastrop. [End Page 610] Kenneth Hafertepe Baylor University Copyright © 2022 The Texas State Historical Association

An Eocene leaf flora from the northern Peruvian Andes

The fossil forest known as El Bosque Petrificado Piedra Chamana lies in close proximity to the village of Sexi in the Department of Cajamarca in northern Peru. The forest was deposited in either a lahar or pyroclastic flow, and ashfall deposits, as mineralized wood and leaf impressions 39 million years ago (late Middle Eocene). More than 30 types of non-monocot angiosperms have been described from the fossil wood, which is densely embedded in rock outcrops, scattered across the ground, and occasionally found in situ. Anatomical characteristics and identifications of the woods suggest a seasonally flooded lowland tropical forest with a dry period. This site also preserves a small leaf flora which has not received a full treatment in earlier works and is the focus of the present study. The leaves are described in detail using standard leaf architecture terminology. The flora has 31 non-monocot leaf morphotypes. The presence of more than 30 morphotypes suggests high diversity based on having only ∼210 non-monocot leaf specimens. The leaf collection also includes ∼10 monocot specimens. One of the leaf morphotypes shows similarities to the extant mangrove genus Avicennia, possibly confirming one of the fossil wood identifications. Most of the leaves are incomplete, but when the margin is preserved, it is untoothed. The lack of teeth indicates a warm, tropical climate (estimated mean annual temperature of >25 °C based on leaf margin analysis). Leaves in the collection are small with 28 of 31 morphotypes inferred as microphyll or notophyll in laminar size, providing support for the seasonal dryness indicated by the fossil woods. Despite the small size of the collection, this leaf flora is important to document as there are few Eocene plant macrofossil localities in Peru; it provides some insight into the Cenozoic forests in this understudied region.

"THE NECESSITY OF RELEVANT DICTIONARY CONTEXTUALIZATIONS FOR THE TRANSLATOR OF NAVAL ARCHITECTURE TEXTS "

Translating naval architecture texts involves, besides knowledge and practice in the field, using specific terminology. The ability of handling specific terminology is supposed to be increased by relevant dictionary contextualizations illustrating the meaning and usage of naval architecture terminology. The technical dictionaries available, either on paper or as a wide web resource, provide the translation of terms, i.e. the ‚equivalent(s)’ in the target language, and, in some cases, the explanation of meaning. However, these dictionaries lack the contextualizations that can help both students and translators. The paper focuses on some existent dictionaries and their relevance for the naval architecture translator. It also provides a possible model for dictionary items accompanied by an explanation and contextualization, which prove to be very useful for students and translators. Special attention will be paid to the lexical characteristics of the Romanian and English naval architecture terminology and relevant contextualizations will be given to illustrate the meaning.

Интернационализмы в архитектурной терминологии европейских языков (готический архитектурный стиль)

The aim of the research is a systematic presentation of internationalisms in the thematic grouping of terms “Gothic architectural style” of the architectural terminology of the European languages (English, German, French, Italian and Russian). The scientific novelty of the study lies in determining the range of international terms in the named thematic grouping, in their classification, as well as in clarifying the etymology of the corresponding terminological units in each of the languages. The results obtained in the course of determining the range of terms-internationalisms in this section of the architectural terminology of the European languages and the analysis of etymologies made it possible to establish that the processes of borrowing from French, borrowing from classical and medieval Latin directly and through the mediation of the Romance languages, primarily French, as well as borrowing from Greek through Latin as an intermediary and borrowing from the Germanic languages participated in the formation of the corpus of international terms.

B-DAC: A decentralized access control framework on Northbound interface for securing SDN using blockchain

Software-Defined Network (SDN) is a new arising terminology of network architecture with outstanding features of orchestration by decoupling the control plane and the data plane in each network element. Even though it brings several benefits, SDN is vulnerable to a diversity of attacks. Abusing the single point of failure in the SDN controller component, hackers can shut down all network operations. More specifics, a malicious OpenFlow application can access to SDN controller to carry out harmful actions without any limitation owing to the lack of the access control mechanism as a standard in the Northbound. The sensitive information about the whole network such as network topology, flow information, and statistics can be gathered and leaked out. Even worse, the entire network can be taken over by the compromised controller. Hence, it is vital to build a scheme of access control for SDN’s Northbound. Furthermore, it must also protect the data integrity and availability during data exchange between application and controller. To address such limitations, we introduce B-DAC, a blockchain-based framework for decentralized authentication and fine-grained access control for the Northbound interface to assist administrators in managing and protecting critical resources. With strict policy enforcement, B-DAC can perform decentralized access control for each request to keep network applications under surveillance for preventing over-privileged activities or security policy conflicts. To demonstrate the feasibility of our approach, we also implement a prototype of this framework to evaluate the security impact, effectiveness, and performance through typical use cases.

Интернационализмы в архитектурной терминологии европейских языков (романский архитектурный стиль)

The paper aims to provide a systematic representation of international words in a thematic grouping of terms “Romanesque Architectural Style” belonging to the architectural terminology of European languages (English, German, French, Italian and Russian). Scientific novelty of the research lies in identifying the range of international terms in the said thematic grouping, in classifying them, as well as in specifying the etymology of the corresponding terminological units in each of the languages. The results attained while determining the range of terminological international words in this segment of the architectural terminology of European languages and analysing their etymology made it possible to ascertain that the processes of borrowing words directly from Greek, from Greek through Latin as an intermediary language, from classical and medieval Latin through the Romance languages, as well as from the Romance languages themselves, primarily from Italian, participated in the formation of the corpus of international terms.

Semantic and functional features of lexical units in the field of architecture and construction in English and Uzbek

This article is dedicated to the study of one of the historically and more slowly folded boards of modern lexicon and terminology of architecture, which plays a special role in the life of society, both ancient and modern. The architectural term system is also investigated, namely: the processes of deformation, transformation and the specifics of functioning in the language of poetic texts, i.e. outside the scope of the scientific context. Architectural lexicon is an independent segment in the naive scientific picture of people, speakers of the language, and therefore it is of interest to both linguists and non-specialists in the philological sphere.

Semantic and functional features of lexical units in the field of architecture and construction in English and Uzbek

This article is dedicated to the study of one of the historically and more slowly folded boards of modern lexicon and terminology of architecture, which plays a special role in the life of society, both ancient and modern. The architectural term system is also investigated, namely: the processes of deformation, transformation, and the specifics of functioning in the language of poetic texts, i.e. outside the scope of the scientific context. The architectural lexicon is an independent segment in the naive scientific picture of people, speakers of the language, and therefore it is of interest to both linguists and non-specialists in the philological sphere.

On Strengthening the Interest of Architecture Students in Bio-informed Solutions: A Systematic Approach for Learning from Nature

The bio-informed concept, which means “designing by learning from nature’s best ideas” as an approach, method, tool, discipline or strategy, is one of the most important research areas of today. It does not only shape designs, but also is based on collaborative/interactive/creative methods in education and can be integrated with contemporary educational approaches. This paper questions how to translate the bio-knowledge, which can be an effective and useful method for developing designers’ skills such as system-thinking, innovative thinking and problem-based learning, to design education in an easy and understandable way. In this context, the method of determining and applying biological phenomena/systems into architectural design process through the “natural language approach” is investigated. With this research, it is aimed to open the way to reach more innovative and sustainable solutions by establishing a bridge between architectural and biological terminology while creating architectural structures. It has been shown how to increase the biodiversity utilized for bio-informed solutions in the architectural field by proposing a systematic approach to search for biological systems. From this point of view, this study emphasizes the importance of promoting the bio-informed design approach, increasing interdisciplinary relationships and orienting individuals to nature for creativity and sustainability.

Origins of Order: Project and System in the American Legal Imagination by Paul W. Kahn

Reviewed by: Origins of Order: Project and System in the American Legal Imagination by Paul W. Kahn Carli N. Conklin (bio) Keywords Law, American legal history, Declaration of Independence Origins of Order: Project and System in the American Legal Imagination. By Paul W. Kahn. (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2019. Pp. 325. Cloth, $40.00.) In Origins of Order: Project and System in the American Legal Imagination, Paul W. Kahn explores the nineteenth-century American legal imagination through two constructs: project and system. According to Kahn, a project begins with an abstract norm, which then takes shape through a designed plan. The purpose of the project is the material realization of the norm; the project is then measured by how successfully that existing norm was realized. Projects have both a creator and a beginning; they are best understood by narrative. In contrast, Kahn claims that systems are understood not by narrative but by structural analysis. A system has no known creator and no known beginning, but, instead, is a set of immanent principles of order. The ethos of a system is to maintain itself. It is both self-healing and self-correcting. A system is emergent or discovered, not directed. Its immanent principles of order may be unknown to those who are fulfilling the system's purpose. [End Page 129] While it seems clear, early on, that ideas of project and system must have bearing on how we think about high-conflict questions of constitutional interpretation today, Kahn is refreshingly evenhanded in his discussion throughout the text. The result is a fair-minded exposition of the philosophies of legal thinkers as dissimilar as the theologically minded William Blackstone—operating on the basis of immanent principles believed to be both known and knowable through reason—and Oliver Wendell Holmes—a social scientist operating on data and underlying patterns that may be unknown to those in the relevant social group. In short, Kahn takes the philosophies of prior legal thinkers seriously—on their own terms and in their own contexts. That work, alone, is complicated enough. Legal thinkers across the long nineteenth century borrowed heavily from multiple philosophies, and not always in ways that would be recognizable to the original proponents of those philosophies or to us today. On the former point, Kahn describes Holmes's application of Darwinism to the social sphere, noting it is a Darwinism that Darwin himself would not have fully recognized. On the latter point, Kahn describes Woodrow Wilson's invisible-hand, system-based legal philosophy as owing a debt to Wilson's somewhat pale view of providence. If as described, Wilson's view of providence was pale, indeed, running counter to the sustaining and intervening providence highlighted in the Westminster Confession of Faith, the faith confession of Wilson's own Presbyterian upbringing. Kahn mentions at several points that project and system are often in tension and not always mutually exclusive, stating, for example, that the project of the Declaration of Independence was informed by systemic thinking about law and natural law in the Enlightenment Era. This interdependence is worth exploring in more depth. For example, Kahn is correct that Blackstone's legal philosophy is system-based, but it was also conceptualized by Blackstone in the same type of architectural terminology that Kahn attributes to projects. That Blackstone believed the common law's system was not self-healing but, instead, needed human actors to intervene through a remediation project is evident through his persistent claim that it would be up to the MPs and judges of his day to take active steps to remove the faulty additions of prior jurists and thereby improve and perfect the structure of the common-law system. It is a fascinating combination of project and system in Blackstone's legal philosophy. Kahn's articulation of legal philosophy in architectural terms is supported by a robust discussion of Blackstone's propensity to do the same, [End Page 130] as seen in Carol Matthews, "A 'Model of the Old House': Architecture in Blackstone's Life and Commentaries," in Blackstone and His Commentaries: Biography, Law, History, ed. Wilfrid Prest (London, 2009); Cristina S. Martinez, "Blackstone as Draughtsman: Picturing the Law," in Re-Interpreting Blackstone...

Transfer of Technology and Formation of the Technical Language: The Case of Turkish Terminology of Architecture

Turks are a moving nation that traveled around different geographies until they came to Anatolia 1000 years ago. During this move they met different societies and adopted different customs and phrases from these societies. At the point when they began to construct new settlements; they welcomed planners and architects from the neighboring countries. In this way, various professional terminology is transferred into Turkish along with new building types and building techniques. Turkish language became a medium for them which can give clues about this history, since it is a living thing affected by the changing environments and encountering diverse factors. The aim of this study is to uncover these clues by using the etymological traces. Nevertheless, following the etymological traces of foreign terminology transferred from Persian, Arabic, or other languages in architecture from Turkish lexicons, would uncover the Asian, Middle Eastern, and European connections of Turkish architecture and construction sector.

Культурно-специфические термины - языковые реалии в архитектурно-строительной терминологии немецкого языка

Культурно-специфические термины - языковые реалии в архитектурно-строительной терминологии немецкого языка

FIXATION OF UKRAINIAN ARCHITECTURAL TERMINOLOGY IN THE LEXICOGRAPHICAL SOURCES OF ХІХ — BEG. ХХ CENT.

The purpose of the scientific study is to analyze the reflection of the architectural lexicon in the Ukrainian lexicographical sources of ХІХ — beg. ХХ cent.The choice of the topic of our studies stipulated by practical needs of the society, since the architectural terminology functioning at the current stage is a completely formed microsystem, requiring further development of regularization, standardization and unification of the terminology items. Considering the fact that the analyzed terminology was not the subject to lexicographical description, the object of studies focused on lexicons, translation dictionaries, uniform and terminology dictionaries of ХІХ — beginning of the ХХ century. The subject matter of studies the Ukrainian architectural terminology as a subsystem of the Ukrainian scientific terminology, fixated in dictionaries of ХІХ — beg. ХХ с. Analysis of the investigated material is performed mainly by descriptive method, conducted by means of classification, linguistic observation of terms functioning in lexicographical and terminographical sources.Enhancement of the process of formation of the Ukrainian architectural terminology is set on ХІХ — beg. ХХ с. Both theoretical and applied aspects of the terminology science were investigated in this period, in particular translation dictionaries and lexicons fixating terminological and professional lexis were created. Therefore, a conclusion can be made thatthe lexicographical papers of the period are the rich source of the Ukrainian architectural terminology, valuable pieces of heritage of the Ukrainian lexicography at the stage of its emergence and formation, for the framework of the terminology language planning of the architectural field was developed. The collected and processed material can be involved in the process of compilation of lexicographical sources, specifically terminological, further regularization of modern Ukrainian architectural terminology, thus contributing to strengthening the status of architectural terminology in social life and to providing appropriate level of communication in particular scientific professional sphere.

Lexical-semantic and word-formation processes in modern Ukrainian architecture terminology (on the example of borrowed innovations «graffiti» and «mural»)

The purpose of the study is to analyze the features of the use in modern Ukrainian terminological vocabulary of borrowed terminological unit «graffiti» and «mural» and their derivatives for normative use in scientific communication, of logical system presentation of terms- innovations in terminological dictionaries, general dictionary editions. Object of research is Ukrainian terminological vocabulary of architecture in scientific and lexicographic editions. Subject of research is the lexico-semantic and word-formation differences of the innovative adopted nominations «graffiti» and «mural». The research material was scientific texts on architecture, published in printed and electronic special editions, dictionary entries of industry terminological and explanatory dictionaries, dictionaries of synonyms and foreign words. Used descriptive, comparative and structural methods. Attention is paid to the lexical-semantic and word-formation features of innovative architectural borrowed nominations «graffiti» and «mural». As a result of the study, it was determined that the semantic changes and the word-building potential of the analyzed terms confirms the dynamics of modern architectural vocabulary and shows the main trends in its development. In connection with the expansion of the conceptual field, the semantics 0f these innovative borrowed terms have changed significantly, which is not fixed in industry and general terminological dictionaries. At the same time, they became the basis for the formation of new terminological tokens using Ukrainian word-formation tools, as well as analytical terms, while a significant part of the terminological units that are actively used by specialists is not codified. Taking into account the lexical and semantic, derivational differences of these lexemes will contribute to the consistent streamlining, systematization and unification of the architectural terminological fund in lexicographic and special editions.

THE CHARACTERISTICS OF ENGLISH TERMS STRUCTURE IN ARCHITECTURE AND CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

The article deals with structural typology in architecture and construction terminology. Modern linguists pay great attention to the study of terminological units in different branches of industry in modern world. The rapid growth of terms number in architect and construction requires its study, description and systematization. The current body of research provides clear evidence of much attention being paid to the architecture and construction industry itself, and its terminology in particular. The task of the research was to compare the structural features and identify the quantitative ratio of components in architecture and construction terms. Consequently, the object of research was the English terminology of architecture and construction industry, and the subject concerned the structural peculiarities of the English architecture terms. English samples of architecture and construction terms from internet resources have been analysed. Structural peculiarities of English architecture and construction terms have been studied and defined by the methods of comparative and structural analysis.

Decorative Elements of Traditional Malay House: Comparative Study of Rumah Limas Bumbung Perak (RLBP) and Rumah Limas Johor (RLJ)

In traditional Malay architecture, decorative elements are defined as non-structural elements and as “additional member” of the building that contributes to aesthetic and functional aspects of the architecture. Its ornamentation, form and pattern particularly in woodcarving and bamboo weaving reflect the uniqueness of local craftsmanship and the master carvers. There are at least 16 (sixteen) decorative elements of the traditional Malay house that have been identified by previous researcher. Architecturally in Malaysia traditional houses were categorised based on roof design, spatial organization and geographical setting which finally this categorization was named after the states. Each traditional house is in the state of Malaysia signifying particular style and architectural characteristics of that particular state. This article discusses the study of those decorative elements on the traditional Malay houses in the state of Perak known as Rumah Limas Bumbung Perak (RLBP) and traditional house from the state of Johor known as Rumah Limas Johor (RLJ). With the objective is to investigate the type, terms and characteristics of decorative elements site observations were done on selected twenty-five (25) of RLBP houses and another twenty-five (25) of RLJ houses. The analysis on visual data and verbal data were carried out to established architectural terminology and typology based on form and style of every decorative element. The study found that nine (9) decorative elements come to be the major characteristics of RLBP whilst seven (7) for RLJ; some with different name, form and style from other states. These similarity and dissimilarity contribute to the extension of the aesthetical theory and philosophy of the Malay traditional house in Malaysia.

SEMANTIC SYNONYMY AS A FACTOR IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ARCHITECTURAL TERMINOLOGICAL VOCABULARY

Purpose of research is to analyze the semantic features of terminological nominations in Ukrainian architectural terminology. Object of research is Ukrainian terminological vocabulary of architecture. Subject of research is the semantic differences between the terminological lexemes of the architectural field of activity. Material of research is vocabulary articles of explanatory and terminological dictionaries, dictionaries of synonyms. The paper applies descriptive, comparative and structural methods. Practical value – codification of modern Ukrainian terminology of architecture. Results of research: 1) certain semantic differences of the studied architectural lexemes that function in this system of terms are highlighted; 2) at each historical stage of development of the terminological system of architecture it is important to single out new characteristic changes in the semantics of terms and in the structure of terminological nominations that organize it; 3) terminological dictionaries on architecture, published in different historical periods, differently reflect the innovative changes in the architectural fund; 4) dictionaries of synonyms do not always give the necessary explanations with the designation of the semantic features in the frame of a specific terminological unit; 5) expansion of the conceptual field of the terms in architecture occurs constantly, which indicates stable active processes within it; 6) architectural terminological nominations require codification in dictionaries, reference books, state standardized documents.