Architectural Engineering Research Articles

Anode-free post-Li metal batteries.

Anode-free metal batteries (AFMBs) are a new architecture of battery technology that relies solely on current collectors (CCs) at the anode side, eliminating the need for traditional metal anodes. This approach can pave the way for higher energy densities, lower manufacturing costs, and lower environmental footprints associated with metal batteries. This comprehensive review provides an in-depth exploration of AFMB technology, extending its scope beyond lithium and into a broader range of metals (sodium Na, potassium K, magnesium Mg, zinc Zn and aluminum Al). The concept of "metal-philicity" is discussed, which plays a pivotal role in understanding and controlling metal plating behavior within AFMBs, and also computational studies that employ first-principles calculations. This novel notion offers valuable insights into the interactions between metals and CC surfaces, which are essential for designing efficient battery systems. Moreover, the review explores various materials and experimental methods to enhance metal plating efficiency while mitigating issues such as dendrite formation through the realm of surface modifications and coatings on CCs. By providing a deeper understanding of strategies for optimizing anode-free post-Li metal battery technologies, this review aims to contribute to developing more efficient, sustainable, and cost-effective energy storage for the near future.

The Future of Smart Buildings: Integration of IoT in Construction Engineering

Internet of Things isn’t always approximately about the things themselves; it’s approximately being clever. IoT is real and helpful because of its ability to apply intelligence to sense facts, especially in the context of construction engineering. A smart building’s architecture is a great place to start as IoT is reshaping every aspect of a building, from design to occupancy to maintenance. The experience of workers, control, and tenants is being optimized through the use of IoT data to inform decision-making. Better facilities may simplify corporate processes and increase revenue in smarter homes. The goal of intelligent houses is sustainability. There are several methods for automating tasks with the Internet of Things. It is necessary to address every single facet of the building architecture. This article discusses the problems and technologies of IoT-based smart building architecture. The Internet of Things (IoT) and embedded systems provide the foundation of the “Smart Building” idea. Together with smart lighting in smart buildings and seismic detection, the model that is being shown has several features. When the smart lighting system turns on and off, it is determined by the amount of natural light available and the presence of people within the building. In order to reduce the amount of maintenance needed, smart dustbins that open up when they sense a person are available. Watering systems that are designed to measure the moisture content of the soil are extremely useful for the maintenance of lawns. A seismic activity detection module allows for early warnings of earthquakes and other seismic activity that may occur in the future. It has been successfully developed a smart building concept that uses Arduino and a cloud server to analyze the data gathered from the smart building.

Analysis of the operation and reсovery capacity of a magnetic fluidless shock absorber

This paper presents an analysis of the application of fluidless magnetic absorbers (FMA) in automotive suspensions and examines their performance. Various magnet arrangements and the influence of spacer thickness on energy recovery efficiency were studied. The results confirm the high efficiency and potential of using FMA in modern automotive suspensions. This article is published based on the results of scientific research conducted within the framework of the grant competition for scientific research conducted by scientific and pedagogical workers of SPbGASU (St. Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering) in 2024. Keywords magnetic absorber, fluidless magnetic absorber, electromagnetic absorber, suspension, damping, modeling, energy recovery

Morphology of Exhibition Spaces for Designing a Water Museum

The main objective of this article is to identify the architectural image of a new type of museum and exhibition complex associated with the use of water as one of the design components. The subject of the study is to identify the morphology of exhibition spaces in the architecture of the object "Museum of Water". The article contains a brief overview of already implemented objects related to water, as well as a description of its own project proposal for the introduction of water and its aggregate states into a three-dimensional architectural structure. The material for analysis is the research results of the author's group as part of the design studio under the guidance of Associate Professor of the Department of Architectural Design of the St. Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (SPbGASU) Kolodin Konstantin Ivanovich and Bachelor Skurlatova Ekaterina Anatolyevna in the framework of the final qualifying work. As a basis for the developed research methodology, an overview analysis of architectural, urban planning and compositional principles of designing multifunctional complexes of complex structure was chosen, and a list of promising design and construction tasks was compiled. The relevance of this study is to consider the scientific novelty in creating a fundamentally new approach to the design of a multifunctional complex based on the morphology of water conditions. Based on the results of the main sections of the study, conclusions were formulated concerning the potential of water use in spatial and planning structures, as well as recommendations for the design of multifunctional complexes of a new type.

Research on the application status and countermeasures of traditional architectural elements in architectural environment design

Traditional architectural elements carry our excellent traditional culture, contain rich connotation, and are the valuable wealth of modern architectural environment design research and reference. However, the application of traditional architectural elements in the architectural environment design has some problems, such as homogenization and does not reflect the connotation of traditional architectural elements. The effective integration of traditional architectural elements and architectural environment design is of great significance to the development, inheritance of traditional architectural elements and the development of architectural environment design engineering. On the basis of understanding the design characteristics of the architectural environment art, this paper analyzes the current situation of the traditional architectural elements in the architectural environment design, and puts forward the countermeasures to effectively integrate the traditional architectural elements and the architectural environment design. In order to combine the traditional architectural elements with the development needs and use functions of architectural environment design in the new era, enrich the connotation of architecture and improve the artistic aesthetic level of architectural environment design.

Study of the operation of active suspension with magnetic fluid-less shock absorbers

The article presents the structure of an active suspension system for a commercial vehicle aimed at enhancing system performance. Solutions for integrating electromagnetic dampers into an intelligent active suspension system are identified. The behavior of the suspension system under challenging road conditions is examined. A block diagram of the active suspension system with a controller is provided. The article is published based on the findings of a research project conducted as part of a grant competition for scientific research projects by the teaching staff of Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (SPbGASU) in 2024. Keywords magnetic shock absorbers, electromagnetic shock absorbers, suspension, damping, modeling

A High-Performance Pixel-Level Fully Pipelined Hardware Accelerator for Neural Networks.

The design of convolutional neural network (CNN) hardware accelerators based on a single computing engine (CE) architecture or multi-CE architecture has received widespread attention in recent years. Although this kind of hardware accelerator has advantages in hardware platform deployment flexibility and development cycle, it is still limited in resource utilization and data throughput. When processing large feature maps, the speed can usually only reach 10 frames/s, which does not meet the requirements of application scenarios, such as autonomous driving and radar detection. To solve the above problems, this article proposes a full pipeline hardware accelerator design based on pixel. By pixel-by-pixel strategy, the concept of the layer is downplayed, and the generation method of each pixel of the output feature map (Ofmap) can be optimized. To pipeline the entire computing system, we expand each layer of the neural network into hardware, eliminating the buffers between layers and maximizing the effect of complete connectivity across the entire network. This approach has yielded excellent performance. Besides that, as the pixel data stream is a fundamental paradigm in image processing, our fully pipelined hardware accelerator is universal for various CNNs (MobileNetV1, MobileNetV2 and FashionNet) in computer vision. As an example, the accelerator for MobileNetV1 achieves a speed of 4205.50 frames/s and a throughput of 4787.15 GOP/s at 211 MHz, with an output latency of 0.60 ms per image. This extremely shorts processing time and opens the door for AI's application in high-speed scenarios.

Virtual 3D. Programs and Digital Sculpture as means of interactive education to develop imagination and innovation among students in the fields of Wood Industries Technology, Sculpture and Interior Architecture.

Virtual 3D. Programs and Digital Sculpture as means of interactive education to develop imagination and innovation among students in the fields of Wood Industries Technology, Sculpture and Interior Architecture.

EEG-Oriented Self-Supervised Learning With Triple Information Pathways Network.

Recently, deep learning-based electroencephalogram (EEG) analysis and decoding have attracted widespread attention for monitoring the clinical condition of users and identifying their intention/emotion. Nevertheless, the existing methods generally model EEG signals with limited viewpoints or restricted concerns about the characteristics of the EEG signals, and thus represent complex spectro-/spatiotemporal patterns and suffer from high variability. In this work, we propose the novel EEG-oriented self-supervised learning methods and a novel deep architecture to learn rich representation, including information about the diverse spectral characteristics of neural oscillations, the spatial properties of electrode sensor distribution, and the temporal patterns of both the global and local viewpoints. Along with the proposed self-supervision strategies and deep architectures, we devise a feature normalization strategy to resolve the intra-/inter-subject variability problem. We demonstrate the validity of our proposed deep learning framework on the four publicly available datasets by conducting comparisons with the state of the art baselines. It is also noteworthy that we exploit the same network architecture for the four different EEG paradigms and outperform the comparison methods, thereby meeting the challenge of the task-dependent network architecture engineering in EEG-based applications.

The Rapid Construction Strategy of Architectural Engineering Based on BIM Technology

The Rapid Construction Strategy of Architectural Engineering Based on BIM Technology

Research on the path to improve the quality of graduation projects of construction engineering majors based on digital background

In the digital age, the enhancement of graduation project quality within the field of architectural engineering is of paramount importance. This paper presents well-structured solutions to tackle the prevalent management challenges encountered in the digital execution of these projects. The goal is to notably improve the effectiveness of teaching methodologies. Employing a scientific approach to managing graduation projects enables students to not only comprehend and apply their theoretical knowledge more effectively but also to cultivate an in-depth understanding and proficient practical skills in digital technology.

Exploring Issues in Architectural Engineering Design Management in the New Era

Exploring Issues in Architectural Engineering Design Management in the New Era

The practical application of engineering cost estimation in vocational education for architectural engineering technology

The practical application of engineering cost estimation in vocational education for architectural engineering technology

Visualization of Information Through Complex Networks – An Applied Case of CMMI and OpenUp Alignment

Increasingly technical advancements have created new hurdles for industrial software development, this article proposes the validation of an architecture for the visualization of information through complex networks, accomplished by the alignment of the practices of the Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) with the OpenUp disciplines. Relying on ontology methods, CMMI and OpenUP data were crossed on Neo4j graph database management system, following the proposed architecture. This demonstration case started with tabled datasets that have low complexity at the data level, therefore, as defined, we followed for the graph database (Neo4j), then to the user interface finalizing at information visualization. The main contribution of this study is certainly the validation of the technological architecture, through the cross mapping of CMMI and OpenUP in graph database, allowing future contributions to the matter. For future work, we propose the alignment of the model in a study case applied in the real environment, through the development of an adequate replicable framework.

Unicage Architecture Development Method

Digital transformation necessitates the creation of business value or innovation using digital technology in every industry. Enterprises are facing an unprecedented business environment and competition for resources and market, which forces them to be more adaptive. Consequently, their Enterprise Information Systems must also be adaptive as so for Architecture Development Method. As a result, enterprises turn to adopt Agile and Lean approaches at scale, which requires architecture iteration and refactoring, or evolvability. In this paper, we propose a loosely-coupled, process-based enterprise architecture development method- Unicage – which aligns with Agile and Lean principles, complementing them with concrete technology architecture. The proposing Architecture Development Method especially fits for Enterprise Resource Planning systems.

Research on Management and Optimization of Big Data Computing Engine Based on Cloud Native Technology IT Architecture

In the wave of digital transformation, we are in a data-driven era. With the explosive growth of data volume, traditional big data processing platforms are facing more and more challenges, including insufficient computational efficiency and resource utilization. At the same time, cloud native technology has emerged as a key factor in filling this gap due to its flexibility, automated management, and cross platform compatibility. Although cloud native technology has broad prospects, its application in the field of big data is still in its early stages, and there are still many problems that need to be solved. Among them, the unity of cluster management, the collaboration between operation and development, and the efficiency of technology architecture transformation are the main challenges currently faced. To address these issues, we will conduct in-depth research around cloud native technology, big data computing engine technology, and containerized services, exploring and implementing a big data computing engine management and optimization solution based on cloud native technology. By proposing and implementing cloud native deployment methods, containerized construction methods, and a one-stop big data application management and development platform, the aim is to provide new ideas and methods for solving many problems in traditional big data computing engine management, and to contribute to the development and innovation of the big data field.

Research on the Construction of Vocal Music Teaching Resources Integration and Sharing Platform in Colleges and Universities under the Background of Modern Science and Technology

Abstract The construction of the teaching resources sharing platform provides high-quality teaching resource retrieval and browsing channels for teachers and students in schools and the majority of off-campus users. This paper combines the functional objectives of the sharing platform design, analyzes the functional requirements of the sharing platform, and designs the overall functional framework of the platform with the advantage of cloud platform technology architecture. Gagne's classification theory of learning results is used to categorize vocal music teaching resources. Blockchain copyright protection technology has been selected to manage the digital resources of vocal music and optimize the privacy protection of users and resource copyright information. Design a user-friendly interface, update the learning interest model using the user interest model, form a personalized recommendation model based on students’ learning interests, and design a sharing scheme for vocal music teaching resources. Test the response performance of blockchain copyright protection and analyze the service impact of a college vocal music teaching resource-sharing platform from the perspective of learning support service. Most of the students have learning communities in the learning process, and the learning communities give the learners a “common identity” and emotional support services so as to achieve the purpose of the construction of a college vocal music teaching resources sharing platform.

Study on Protection Strategies of Traditional Villages in the Central Plains of China

Background: Traditional villages in the Central Plains reflect the economic, social, cultural, and architectural technology characteristics of the region during a specific period. Their composition not only carries the coordination between people's living environment and the natural environment but also reflects people's social relations and institutional culture in collective living conditions. Therefore, it is of rich sociological and practical significance to explore the causes of the living environment formed by traditional villages in the Central Plains over thousands of years, the mutual influence of productivity and production relations, and the decline and transformation of the spatial environment. Method: With the help of theoretical systems such as architectural typology, residential area, and cultural geography. Research is conducted through on-site surveys and literature collection.Results: Conduct static research on the factors that affect the spatial form of villages and conduct classification and exploration from the aspects of village location, village form, spatial characteristics, courtyard layout, and residential characteristics. And build a research framework based on the formation logic, external morphological characteristics, and internal evolution mechanisms of the Central Plains villages and traditional residences and analyse the causes and cultural attributes of the Central Plains traditional villages and residences. Conclusion: From the perspective of cultural continuity and sustainable development, and based on the current situation, protection difficulties, and development opportunities of traditional villages and residential culture in the Central Plains, multiple protection paths for traditional villages in the Central Plains are drawn.

Special features of service design in microservices architecture in cloud computing with container virtualization

The article addresses the issue of service design in microservices architecture in cloud computing under conditions of container virtualization. Service design is the process of modeling a service to facilitate interaction between the provider and users. The foundation of service design lies in understanding user behavior, their needs, and motivations to create a service that is convenient and memorable, increasing the chances of reuse. Microservices architecture technology is an approach that involves breaking down applications into smaller and more manageable blocks (microservices), each performing a specific function. This approach differs from monolithic programs where all components are tightly interconnected and reside in a single codebase. The new approach opens up unique possibilities for utilizing various technologies, including containerization, orchestration, hybrid cloud, and more, offering excellent opportunities for optimizing applications through microservices. To address the identified challenges in the article: a) it examines how the new approach introduces complexities, such as the lack of proper monitoring and event logging; the possibility of incorrect service detailing; complexities in data management and synchronization; weaknesses in communication and automation processes; manifestations of bottlenecks in terms of productivity and scalability, among others; b) it is demonstrated that all these complexities can be resolved through effective service design in microservices architecture. This means that when designing microservices architecture in cloud computing with container virtualization, the challenge of effective service design is addressed by creating a balance between the detailing of services and their functionality to achieve maximum productivity and system functionality. Solving this task is possible primarily through an understanding of the principles of construction and application of microservices in cloud computing under conditions of container virtualization.

2022 개정 교육과정에 따른 초등 실과 ‘건설 기술’ 영역의 내용에 관한 연구

This study outlines the unit titles and detailed contents of the newly introduced construction technology in the 2022 revised curriculum for elementary school Practical Arts subjects. It outlines the tasks involved in the creation of construction structures. The research findings are as follows.
 First, the content encompasses understanding the meaning and characteristics of construction technology, exploring eco-friendly construction structures, and engaging in activities to create simple construction structures.
 Second, the content related to construction technology in middle school technology and home economics 1 subjects under the 2019 revised curriculum covers the meaning, understanding, system, world, characteristics, development, and prospects of construction technology, along with the production and use of construction structures, with tasks involving the creation of a house and a bridge.
 Third, the revised curriculum introduced construction technology as a comprehensive unit. Understanding construction technology and various construction structures, exploring eco-friendly construction structures in daily life, and participating in activities for creating construction structures were presented as middle units. Furthermore, smaller units include the meaning of construction technology, architectural technology, and civil engineering technology; the meaning of construction structures, architectural structures, and civil engineering structures; the exploration of eco-friendly construction structures; and making creative model houses and strong model bridges.
 Fourth, construction tasks involve building a model house and undertaking projects such as suspension bridges, cable-stayed bridges, and arch bridges.
 Fifth, according to the feedback from elementary school teachers, the content related to construction technology was appropriately structured. Constructing a model house was seen as an engaging task capable of capturing students' interest, and building model bridges was also deemed appropriate and engaging.