Shape Architecture Research Articles

A 3D Printing Platform for Design and Manufacturing of Multi-Functional Cementitious Construction Components and Its Validation for a Post-Tensioned Beam.

Three-dimensional printing of cementitious materials for construction has been extensively investigated in recent years, with several demonstration projects successfully carried out. These efforts aim to leverage the printing process to achieve more efficient production of components compared to conventional concrete technologies. This includes both the process itself (eliminating the formwork stage) and the flexibility in producing complexly shaped elements. To maximize the potential of 3D printing in the construction industry, additional steps must be taken, grounded in a holistic view of the entire process. This involves integration of the production chain, including design, materials, and manufacturing of components, to create elements with optimal performance, encompassing structural, environmental, and architectural aspects. Such multi-functionality requires the viewing of 3D printing not just as a production technology but as a platform enabling the integration of all these components. To advance this approach, quantitative tools are developed to optimize the following three key components: material composition; manufacturing parameters to ensure buildability; and design tools to optimize multiple performance criteria, particularly structural and architectural shape. A demonstration component, namely a post-tensioned beam, featuring two multi-functional characteristics-structural and architectural-is designed, produced, and evaluated. The scientific concepts and research tools used to develop these quantitative design tools are multidisciplinary, including rheological characterization, control of the internal structure and composition of granular materials, simulation of the mechanical behavior of green material during printing, and the hardened properties of the components, all utilizing structural optimization to enhance performance.

The Gate of Ki Ranggo Wirosentiko's Grave: Traces of Non-Islamic Cultural Acculturation in the Material Culture Heritage of the Palembang Sultanate

Palembang is known as one of the centers of the Palembang Sultanate. One of the most important cultural relics in Palembang is the Palembang Sultan Cemetery complex. Each of these cemetery complexes has a different architectural shape of the tomb, one of which is the tomb complex of Ki Ranggo Wirosntiko. A Striking distinction in this tomb is the shape of the tomb gate complex building that depicts influences in non-Islam culture. This article will explain the differences in shape in the building of the gate and the influence of non-Islamic culture on the shape of the tomb gate of Ki Ranggo Wirosentiko. The method used is the archeological method using a stylistic analysis of the observation of the ornaments found in the gates of this complex. The results of this study show that the building of the tomb gate of Ki Ranggo Wirosentiko shows acculturation with non-Islamic culture. The profile of the outer gate depicting Hindu influence is marked by the similarity with the stylistic elements in the Bentar temple and Paduraksa Temple, East Java. The resemblance is also visible on the profile of the foot and the mould of the gate resembling the profile found in the Paduraksa Temple. On the profile of the third gate, there is an inscription of the year 1142 H or 1730 M using Arabic letters. The local influence appears on the third gate's appearance, indicating the presence of mustak. Based on the profile of the building of the tomb gate Ki Ranggo Wirosentiko shows the influence of Hindu, Buddhist, Arab, and local cultures on the decorative range of the construction of the grave of the temple.

Strigolactone insensitivity affects differential shoot and root transcriptome in barley.

Strigolactones (SLs) are plant hormones that play a crucial role in regulating various aspects of plant architecture, such as shoot and root branching. However, the knowledge of SL-responsive genes and transcription factors (TFs) that control the shaping of plant architecture remains elusive. Here, transcriptomic analysis was conducted using the SL-insensitive barley mutant hvd14.d (carried mutation in SL receptor DWARF14, HvD14) and its wild-type (WT) to unravel the differences in gene expression separately in root and shoot tissues. This approach enabled us to select more than six thousand SL-dependent genes that were exclusive to each studied organ or not tissue-specific. The data obtained, along with in silico analyses, found several TFs that exhibited changed expression between the analyzed genotypes and that recognized binding sites in promoters of other identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs). In total, 28 TFs that recognize motifs over-represented in DEG promoters were identified. Moreover, nearly half of the identified TFs were connected in a single network of known and predicted interactions, highlighting the complexity and multidimensionality of SL-related signalling in barley. Finally, the SL control on the expression of one of the identified TFs in HvD14- and dose-dependent manners was proved. Obtained results bring us closer to understanding the signalling pathways regulating SL-dependent plant development.

Distinct types of selection and genetic architecture shape molecular variation during the domestication of vegetable crops.

Humans select vegetable crops with desirable traits via a complex evolutionary process called domestication, generating a variety of cultivars worldwide. With advances in sequencing technologies, genomic scans for "signatures of selection" are widely used to identify target loci of selection. In the early phases of domestication, humans tended to favor similar sets of phenotypes in diverse crops, resulting in "domestication syndrome" and parallel evolution in multiple species. Subsequently, adaptation to distinct environments or different consumer preferences has diversified crop cultivars. Here, we review molecular and population genetic studies on genes affecting trait evolution during this complex process. We emphasize that, depending on interactions among different types of selection (directional selection within or divergent selection between groups), the genetic architecture of the target trait (Mendelian or polygenic), and the origin of the causal variant (new mutation or standing variation), the resulting molecular patterns of variation can be highly diverse. Situations in which the typical hard selective sweep model could be applied may be limited. Therefore, it is crucial to obtain a thorough understanding of the target species' historical, environmental, and ecological contexts.

Steel structure design and analysis of a modern extreme sports center

A modern extreme sports center consists of a three-story main structure and ancillary structures. The overall architectural shape is simple and elegant. In order to ensure that the center has the high strength, earthquake resistance, corrosion resistance and other characteristics required for extreme sports venues, while taking into account comfort and aesthetics, the building structure adopts a steel frame structure system. This article uses the PKPM2021-V2.1.1.1 version software to conduct an overall calculation and analysis of this steel structure project, and checks the floor displacement calculated by the elastic method under the action of wind load or frequent earthquake standard values. The results show that the vertical structure of this structure is The deformation of the axial members meets the requirements of the code; the displacement ratio and inter-story displacement ratio of the structure under the action of specified horizontal seismic forces considering the influence of accidental eccentricity are checked, and the results show that the structure does not belong to torsional irregularity; the overturning resistance of the structure is checked and The shear-to-weight ratio was calculated and the results showed that the stability of the structure met the specification requirements. It can be seen from the above calculation and analysis that this structure can meet the specification requirements under various working conditions, and the structural design is safe and reliable.

Accessibility of Urban Tourism in Historical Areas: Analysis of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Safranbolu

Expansion of cities with population growth leads to the differentiation of urban texture, negatively affecting the accessibility of tourism areas in historical regions. For this reason, there is a need to develop tourism areas that enable people to experience the areas of historical heritage. Sustainable urban development, which is also the theory of the study, has become an agenda for the protection and revitalization of historical areas in order to increase accessibility to tourism. The Safranbolu Protected Area, which is one of the oldest settlements with its traditional housing texture and which is included in the UNESCO World Heritage Sites List in Turkey, was chosen as the study area. In this study, the aim is to examine the accessibility of historical tourism centers, analyze the spatial configuration of the street texture in the city of Karabük and determine the features of the formation mechanism of the Safranbolu historical region. The research questions are based on the impact of (1) the accessibility of the street network on the formation mechanism of the urban architecture and (2) the shaping of urban tourism areas in historical cities. The space syntax method was used to examine the relationship between the building features of the Safranbolu Urban Protected Area and the formation features of the space. Within the scope of the study, the accessibility of the Safranbolu historical center was examined through the street texture that shapes the city form using data from Open Street Map. Segment and axial analyses were made based on the current street network data of the city. The key findings of the research revealed that the accessibility level of the city’s street network was practically effective in shaping the Safranbolu Urban Protected Area. It was theoretically found that the streets with a high global integration value in the city have an impact on the shaping of traditional architecture and constitute important routes for tourism in sustainable development. The findings serve as a reference for researchers in sustainable development, urban planners and local governments who will use it to test the methodology for understanding the street layout of the historical area and improving the experiential characteristics of the users.

Limousine: Blending Learned and Classical Indexes to Self-Design Larger-than-Memory Cloud Storage Engines

We present Limousine, a self-designing key-value storage engine, that can automatically morph to the near-optimal storage engine architecture shape given a workload, a cloud budget, and target performance. At its core, Limousine identifies the fundamental design principles of storage engines as combinations of learned and classical data structures that collaborate through algorithms for data storage and access. By unifying these principles over diverse hardware and three major cloud providers (AWS, GCP, and Azure), Limousine creates a massive design space of quindecillion (1048) storage engine designs the vast majority of which do not exist in literature or industry. Limousine contains a distribution-aware IO model to accurately evaluate any candidate design. Using these models, Limousine searches within the exhaustive design space to construct a navigable continuum of designs connected along a Pareto frontier of cloud cost and performance. If storage engines contain learned components, Limousine also introduces efficient lazy write algorithms to optimize the holistic read-write performance. Once the near-optimal design is decided for the given context, Limousine automatically materializes the corresponding design in Rust code. Using the YCSB benchmark, we demonstrate that storage engines automatically designed and generated by Limousine scale better by up to 3 orders of magnitude when compared with state-of-the-art industry-leading engines such as RocksDB, WiredTiger, FASTER, and Cosine, over diverse workloads, data sets, and cloud budgets.

Connectome architecture shapes large-scale cortical alterations in schizophrenia: a worldwide ENIGMA study

Schizophrenia is a prototypical network disorder with widespread brain-morphological alterations, yet it remains unclear whether these distributed alterations robustly reflect the underlying network layout. We tested whether large-scale structural alterations in schizophrenia relate to normative structural and functional connectome architecture, and systematically evaluated robustness and generalizability of these network-level alterations. Leveraging anatomical MRI scans from 2439 adults with schizophrenia and 2867 healthy controls from 26 ENIGMA sites and normative data from the Human Connectome Project (n = 207), we evaluated structural alterations of schizophrenia against two network susceptibility models: (i) hub vulnerability, which examines associations between regional network centrality and magnitude of disease-related alterations; (ii) epicenter mapping, which identifies regions whose typical connectivity profile most closely resembles the disease-related morphological alterations. To assess generalizability and specificity, we contextualized the influence of site, disease stages, and individual clinical factors and compared network associations of schizophrenia with that found in affective disorders. Our findings show schizophrenia-related cortical thinning is spatially associated with functional and structural hubs, suggesting that highly interconnected regions are more vulnerable to morphological alterations. Predominantly temporo-paralimbic and frontal regions emerged as epicenters with connectivity profiles linked to schizophrenia’s alteration patterns. Findings were robust across sites, disease stages, and related to individual symptoms. Moreover, transdiagnostic comparisons revealed overlapping epicenters in schizophrenia and bipolar, but not major depressive disorder, suggestive of a pathophysiological continuity within the schizophrenia-bipolar-spectrum. In sum, cortical alterations over the course of schizophrenia robustly follow brain network architecture, emphasizing marked hub susceptibility and temporo-frontal epicenters at both the level of the group and the individual. Subtle variations of epicenters across disease stages suggest interacting pathological processes, while associations with patient-specific symptoms support additional inter-individual variability of hub vulnerability and epicenters in schizophrenia. Our work outlines potential pathways to better understand macroscale structural alterations, and inter- individual variability in schizophrenia.

Aerodynamic analysis of building with zigzag-patterned façade: Insights from large eddy simulation

High-rise buildings have diverse shapes and configurations to harmonize with the architectural, engineering, environmental, economic, and functional considerations, and aspirations. However, the architectural shape and configuration plays a vital role in determining the aerodynamic characteristics of the surrounding flow field and wind forces acting on the building. This paper numerically investigates the aerodynamic characteristics of the zigzag-patterned building by adopting the three-dimensional large eddy simulation (LES). The flow around a square cylinder in high Reynolds number is used to valid the numerical method. The results show that the zigzag pattern has a little effect on the mean streamwise velocity but significantly influences the fluctuation of streamwise and vertical velocities in the wake region. It is observed that the zigzag pattern on the leeward wall results in a narrower wake region, while on the windward wall, leads to a thinner and longer shear layers and shorter recirculation region. As for the pedestrian level wind, the flow velocity within the separation area is noticeably reduced when incorporating a zigzag pattern on the windward wall. Moreover, the fluctuating pressure coefficient values at the sidewalls of a building with a zigzag windward wall is significantly smaller than that of a smooth configuration building due to the façade pattern's impact in diminishing the curvature of the nearby separation at the leading edge.

De vliesgevel in the Netherlands between construction and representation. Past and present-day experiences in social housing

The crisis of the contemporary urban landscape (meant to convey cultural and social values) is evidenced by the upsurge of self-referential architectural artifacts whose ephemeral features manifest how unsuitable their project-based approach is since it tries to attain spectacular architectural shapes even when dealing with housing. This alarming trend is also present in the Netherlands, even if a relevant tradition regarding the construction of urban spaces by means of facade-prospects is present there. The lack of regard for the cultural and social values of residential collective housing is evidenced nowadays by the ephemeral facades of many Dutch quarters, where the values of traditional collective housing seem to have been lost. In this way, the all-encompassing feature of globalization gets confirmed: identical buildings appear in different cities and places. This work focuses on project-based experiences of social housing implemented in some meaningful periods in the development of Dutch housing culture. Such projects are deeply rooted in their sites, and though they do not neglect to produce buildings that meet contemporary requirements, they keep the connections, ensuring continuity with the shapes and construction traditions of the past. In particular, the features of facades - thanks to their formal and construction-related developments - clearly manifest the choice to regard the project as a well-devised blend of past, present, and future. This work relates the results of broader research regarding the urban role of residential collective buildings within the landscape of Dutch architectural culture in the early XX century.

A STUDY OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN APARTMENT OCCUPANCY PATTERNS AND STUDENT BEHAVIOR PATTERNS Case Study: Gading Icon Apartment

Apartment is a room or several rooms (rooms) that are functioned or designated as a place to live, located in a building that usually has other rooms or rooms and the like. This study attempts to explore and analyze the relationship between residential space patterns and student behavior patterns in Jakarta. The behavioral patterns of students that affect the pattern of vertical residential spaces not only have an impact on the behavior and form of space but also see how student behavior shapes architecture in residential space patterns and architecture shapes student behavior. The purpose of this study is to understand the theory related to the relationship between vertical residential space patterns and student behavior patterns, to understand the characteristics of the relationship between residential space patterns and student behavior, to understand environmental factors for student behavior. The research method taken on the research approach uses a qualitative descriptive method. The data studied and obtained are physical and non-physical data obtained from interviews, observations, and mapping of student behavior patterns in residential spaces of Jakarta apartments. The approach that will be used is the Human Behavior approach to students in apartment housing. From the analysis of behavior patterns carried out, student activities are quite dense, causing the use of furniture according to needs and has ergonomic characteristics.

Reflections of Privacy and Modesty Approach in Traditional Konya Houses

Architecture as old as human history,is formed by the effects of physical (Topography, climate, local materials, etc.), cultural (family and social structure, customs and traditions, religious belief, etc.), economic and technological factors in the region where it is built. Religious beliefs, one of the cultural factors, have been one of the important factors contributing to the shaping of architecture by influencing the way of thinking and behavior of societies since the beginning of history. The religion of Islam also played an important role in the development of Anatolian Turkish architecture. The Islamic belief of the Turkish society living in Anatolia; not only did it cause the formation of religious architecture such as a kulliye, mosque and masjid, but also made important contributions to civil architecture. Especially in the formation of residential architecture, privacy, modesty, neighborliness etc. The reflections of the Islamic worldview are clearly visible. In this study, the effects of the values of privacy and modesty in the content of Islamic worldview on traditional Konya houses were examined and evaluated. For this purpose, 90 traditional Konya houses belonging to the 19th and 20th centuries, located in the historical city center of Konya province, were examined using photographic documentation and surveying methods. Eight of the houses examined were presented as examples in the study. As a result, although it was concluded that the traditional houses in the Konya region were shaped under Islamic factors in the historical process, it was determined that they underwent changes as a result of increasing westernization tendencies during the 20th century.

Sedimentary architecture of submarine channel-lobe systems under different seafloor topography: Insights from the Rovuma Basin offshore East Africa

Seafloor topography plays an important role in the evolution of submarine lobes. However, it is still not so clear how the shape of slope affects the three-dimensional (3-D) architecture of submarine lobes. In this study, we analyze the effect of topography factors on different hierarchical lobe architectures that formed during Pliocene to Quaternary in the Rovuma Basin offshore East Africa. We characterize the shape, size and growth pattern of different hierarchical lobe architectures using 3-D seismic data. We find that the relief of the topographic slope determines the location of preferential deposition of lobe complexes and single lobes. When the topography is irregular and presents topographic lows, lobe complexes first infill these depressions. Single lobes are deposited preferentially at positions with higher longitudinal (i.e. across-slope) slope gradients. As the longitudinal slope becomes higher, the aspect ratio of the single lobes increases. Lateral (i.e. along-slope) topography does not seem to have a strong influence on the shape of single lobe, but it seems to affect the overlap of single lobes. When the lateral slope gradient is relatively high, the single lobes tend to have a larger overlap surface. Furthermore, as the average of lateral slope and longitudinal slope gets greater, the width/thickness ratio of the single lobe is smaller, i.e. sediments tend to accumulate vertically. The results demonstrate that the shape of slopes more comprehensively influences the 3-D architecture of lobes in natural deep-sea systems than previously other lobe deposits and analogue experiments, which helps us better understand the development and evolution of the distal parts of turbidite systems.

Indigenization of Mosques in Ancient China in the Context of the Maritime Spice Route

Through the analysis of the history of Quanzhou Port and the construction of Quanzhou Qingjing mosque in the context of the maritime spice road. The architectural shape of qing jing mosque, the original Arabic style of Quanzhou qing jing mosque was transformed into the integration of Minnan Dacuo style and Arabic style over a long time. the research will emphasize the evolution of the architectural form of Quanzhou qing jing mosque and its history behind it, it puts forward the argument that the maritime trade will bring new culture and architectural forms to the local people, and this architectural form will be gradually influenced by the local architecture in the long years, and thus transformed into a unique architectural form of cultural mix.

Targeting Aspergillus allergen oryzin with a chemical probe at atomic precision

We report the molecular basis of Aspergillus fumigatus oryzin, allergen Asp f 13, or alkaline proteinase ALP1, containing the sequence motif His–Asp–Ser of the subtilisin family, structure, and function at atomic detail. Given the resolution of the data (1.06 Å), we use fragment molecular replacement with ideal polyalanine α-helices to determine the first crystal structure of oryzin. We probe the catalytic serine through formation of an irreversible bond to a small molecule compound, specifically labeling it, describing the amino acid residues performing the catalytic function. Defined by a self-processed pro-peptide, the active site architecture shapes up pocket-like subsites that bind to and unveil the S1′–S4′ substrate binding preferences. We use molecular modeling to dock a model of the pro-peptide in the S1–S4 region and to dock collagen along the active site cleft. Opposite to the face harboring the catalytic serine, the enzyme binds to a calcium ion in a binding site created by backbone flipping. We use thermal unfolding to show that this metal ion provides structural stability. With no known host inhibitor identified thus far, this structure may hasten the progress of developing new therapeutic agents for diseases caused by pathogenic fungi.

Robotic Milling: A New Era of Machining

Abstract-Robotic milling is considered as an alternative solution of CNC milling, however there are significant difference between these two processes. CNC milling technologies enabled new possibilities in constructing complex digitally generates architectural shapes but have restricted working area and produce shape limitation. Industrial robot are an appropriate technology for developing flexible and reconfigurable, manufacturing systems. Which contribute to perform various automated operation such as milling, cutting, drilling , grinding, surface finishing etc. the work presented in this paper tackles some specific aspects regarding the cam techniques used for robotic milling to overcome the shape and size limitation of CNC In this paper we provide some comparative study about how changing the various parameter leads to change in functioning of robot to obtain good surface finish and to enhance the accuracy and repeatability of robotic milling. This document is designed to provide nowadays technology, future potential and technical constraints about the robotic milling and its advantages.

"BIG SVERDLOVSK" IN THE HISTORICAL AND ARCHITECTURAL DIMENSION OF THE 1920S - 1930S

The paper analyzes the processes of urban planning and architectural shaping that took place in the administrative center of the Ural (since 1934 - Sverdlovsk) region, the city of Sverdlovsk in the 1920s - 1930s. The paper notes that the new architectural and spatial structure of one of the largest cities in the Urals, which arose during the implementation of the general plan «Big Sverdlovsk», was based mainly on the ideas of the architectural avant-garde, the main creative trend of which was constructivism. The paper also indicates that Sverdlovsk constructivism, which led to the creation of a large number of unique structures, was formed and developed under the influence of famous architects representing the avant-garde centers of Moscow, Leningrad and Tomsk, as well as the German Bauhaus school, which was considered the founder of this style. The paper draws attention to the fact that the practical implementation of the plan of architectural and urban development of Sverdlovsk led to the creation of a polycentric urban system within which, along with the reconstruction of the central core of the city, on the basis of large factories, surrounding industrial and residential areas («socialist cities»), regulated by systems of consumer services, transport and landscaping, arose. The paper concludes that these architectural and construction processes of the 1920s - 1930s, which took place in Sverdlovsk within the constructivist avant-garde, and then evolved towards decorative constructivism and neoclassicism, allowed the city to take a serious step in the development of urban planning, led to the creation of an architectural aura that formed its unique image.

ShapeGraMM: On the fly procedural generation of massive models for real-time visualization

In this study, we propose ShapeGraMM (Shape Grammar for massive models), an expandable grammar that procedurally generates geometries in real-time to create 3D scenes of massive models. Procedural modeling has attracted attention for its ability to quickly create 3D scenes using a compact representation, which stores generation rules rather than an explicit representation of the scene. Our work is an extension of the Computer Generated Architecture (CGA) shape grammar specification. We introduce rules that will take the visibility of the camera into account and decide whether or not it should continue to generate. ShapeGraMM explores the repetitions and patterns present in massive models, helping it render scenes, reduce its memory footprint, and procedurally process the scene efficiently. We propose an engine implementation that generates scenes on the fly using ShapeGraMM, followed by its evaluation using massive real-world models. We conducted a case study testing our solution with large-scale CAD models of the oil & gas industry in the web context, which is a more limited platform than the desktop. In contrast to random models commonly generated by procedural generation methodologies, the original models of our study were modeled in a non-random method. Our results show that the solution has high performance and maintains a compact representation of the models offline and in runtime. The procedural engine renders a massive scene containing over 11 million objects at interactive frame rates.

ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ АРХИТЕКТУРЫ ТУРИСТИЧЕСКИХ ОБЪЕКТОВ В ВОДНО-БОЛОТНОЙ МЕСТНОСТИ ЮЖНОГО ИРАКА

The problems of architectural shaping of tourism objects integrated into the wetland landscape are considered. The principles of "green architecture" have been adopted as the main design method in the formation of tourist complexes in the wetlands of Southern Iraq. The characteristic types of “autonomies” of the wetlands that have historically developed on the territory of the Iraqi marshes have been identified, including: a) a cultural landscape with the remains of former Sumerian cities; b) the natural preserved natural landscape of the Huweiza swamp; c) the degraded landscape of the Eastern and Western Hammar swamps, the Central Marshes. For each type of wetland landscape, a set of optimal methods and approaches is proposed for the formation of a sustainable "green architecture" of tourism facilities aimed at its conservation, rehabilitation and development. Techniques for organizing possible planning models of accommodation and spatial solution of dwellings and objects for tourists, adapted to the conditions of southern Iraq, are presented. A theoretical model for the formation of a tourist cluster in the wetlands of Southern Iraq is proposed, including four levels of organization of "green architecture" objects: 1) the level of allocation of "autonomies" of the wetland landscape, taking into account its natural and cultural potential; 2) the level of definition of "structural units" of the wetland landscape; 3) the level of search for optimal forms of tourism for each autonomy; 4) the level of building models of "green architecture" objects for each form of tourism

Exploring Architectural Shapes Based on Parametric Shape Grammars: A Case Study of the “Three Lanes and Seven Alleys” Historic District in Fuzhou City, China

With the development of information technology, the introduction of information technology into architectural modelling and façade design and the systematic definition of historic districts is a problem that the architectural industry continues to explore and pursue. As a shape-based and self-defining generation rule, shape grammar provides significant help in the process of the automatic generation of architectural shapes to obtain design results that meet the requirements of the original historic district. Based on the simple combination of the application of shape grammar in architectural design, combined with the field investigation method, the representative buildings in the “Three Lanes and Seven Alleys” historic district are investigated and understood in detail, and the corresponding shape grammar rules are established. The courtyard types of the historic district are divided into: “” shape, “T” shape, “=” shape, “” shape, “” shape, “” shape, “” shape, “U” shape, “” shape, and garden. In detail, the façade components include the entrance, patio, main seat, wings, cloister, pavilion, etc. The elements of its façade include saddle walls, grey sculptures, carved stones, grey tiles, wooden grilles, wooden railings, wood grain flowers, etc. On this basis, parametric design is introduced to convert the design syntax into parametric programs. Grasshopper in Rhino is mainly used to visualize and simulate the regulation, and finally, achieve the purpose of automatically generating the architectural shape and façade of the “Three Alleys and Seven Alleys” historic district by adjusting its parameters.