ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ АРХИТЕКТУРЫ ТУРИСТИЧЕСКИХ ОБЪЕКТОВ В ВОДНО-БОЛОТНОЙ МЕСТНОСТИ ЮЖНОГО ИРАКА

Abstract

The problems of architectural shaping of tourism objects integrated into the wetland landscape are considered. The principles of "green architecture" have been adopted as the main design method in the formation of tourist complexes in the wetlands of Southern Iraq. The characteristic types of “autonomies” of the wetlands that have historically developed on the territory of the Iraqi marshes have been identified, including: a) a cultural landscape with the remains of former Sumerian cities; b) the natural preserved natural landscape of the Huweiza swamp; c) the degraded landscape of the Eastern and Western Hammar swamps, the Central Marshes. For each type of wetland landscape, a set of optimal methods and approaches is proposed for the formation of a sustainable "green architecture" of tourism facilities aimed at its conservation, rehabilitation and development. Techniques for organizing possible planning models of accommodation and spatial solution of dwellings and objects for tourists, adapted to the conditions of southern Iraq, are presented. A theoretical model for the formation of a tourist cluster in the wetlands of Southern Iraq is proposed, including four levels of organization of "green architecture" objects: 1) the level of allocation of "autonomies" of the wetland landscape, taking into account its natural and cultural potential; 2) the level of definition of "structural units" of the wetland landscape; 3) the level of search for optimal forms of tourism for each autonomy; 4) the level of building models of "green architecture" objects for each form of tourism