Protection Of Architectural Heritage Research Articles

A Historical Building Information Modeling-Based Framework to Improve Collaboration and Data Security in Architectural Heritage Restoration Projects

With the increasing awareness of architectural heritage conservation and the development of digital technology, there is an urgent need in the field of architectural heritage restoration for a novel solution that can enhance data security, collaboration efficiency, and file management capabilities. This study proposes an Architectural Heritage Restoration Distributed Common Data Environment (AHR-DCDE) framework based on blockchain and IPFS technologies to address the above challenges. The AHR-DCDE framework significantly improves data security and collaborative efficiency in architectural heritage restoration projects by creating a decentralized collaborative design process that achieves data immutability, traceability, and efficient large-scale file processing capabilities. The AHR-DCDE framework significantly improves data security and collaborative efficiency in architectural heritage restoration projects by creating a decentralized collaborative design process that achieves data immutability, traceability, and efficient large-scale file processing capabilities. In this study, the practicality and effectiveness of the AHR-DCDE framework is verified by taking the heritage restoration design project of Pinghe Packing Factory in Wuhan, Hubei Province, as an example. Evaluation of the framework’s network latency, throughput, and storage costs indicates that AHR-DCDE can meet the requirements of architectural heritage restoration projects, possessing efficient capabilities for handling and sharing project data. Furthermore, the implementation of the AHR-DCDE framework also facilitates efficient collaboration among interdisciplinary teams, providing robust technical support for the protection and restoration of architectural heritage.

A review of mechanical properties and carbonation behavior evolution of lime mortar for architectural heritages restoration

Using lime mortar to connect, protect and decorate buildings was a very common technique in ancient times. Understanding the mechanical properties and carbonation mechanism of lime mortar is the basis for successful restoration and protection of architectural heritage. The compatibility and durability of lime mortar and architectural heritage promote the study of related mechanisms, so that it can adapt to the current reality. In this paper, the factors affecting the mechanical properties of lime mortar are summarized, and the carbonization principle of lime mortar is analyzed. The effects of water-binder ratio, aggregate mineralogy and particle size, inorganic additives and organic additives on the mechanical properties of lime mortar were elaborated in detail, especially the action behavior of organic additives in the carbonation process of lime mortar. Suggestions for enhancing the mechanical properties of lime mortar are put forward, which provides a theoretical basis for improving the compatibility and durability of materials in the restoration of ancient buildings.

Research on Protection and Development Strategies of Traditional Architecture and Cultural Heritage in the Context of Big Data Era

Abstract This study first constructed an evaluation index system to protect traditional architecture and cultural heritage, and determined the weights of each index through the entropy weighting method. With the help of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, the architectural and cultural heritage protection level in County G was quantitatively evaluated. Further, the study analyzed the key factors affecting the protection of traditional architectural and cultural heritage from the perspectives of government regulation, the number of research institutes and organizations, and accessibility, and conducted a predictive analysis of the level of protection and the level of development with the help of scenario simulation method. The study results reveal that the overall architectural and cultural heritage scores in G urban areas are generally higher than 60, and the heritage conservation effectiveness scores of all eight regions exceed 8. In addition, government regulation, the number of research institutions and organizations, and accessibility contribute positively to heritage conservation and development under certain conditions. The findings of this study are of great significance in promoting the preservation, inheritance, and sustainable development of China’s valuable cultural heritage.

Architectural Heritage Protection and Intervention—A Case Study of Fahai Temple

Architectural Heritage Protection and Intervention—A Case Study of Fahai Temple

Study on the Application in the Protection and Renewal of Ancient Architectural Cultural Heritage in the Age of Smart Media

Abstract In this paper, the candidate region network in the Fast R-CNN algorithm is used to obtain the feature values of surface damage of ancient buildings, and the regression algorithm is applied to the target bounding box after the features are successfully obtained, which can more accurately complete the task of detecting and locating the damage on the surface of buildings. The three-dimensional laser scanner and total station are used to explore the surrounding environment of the buildings on the site, and the sketch is drawn according to the research and analysis results combined with the exploration to design a digital archive of the cultural heritage of the ancient buildings. Aiming at the ambiguity of the assessment system of the integrity of ancient buildings, we constructed the assessment system of the cultural heritage of ancient buildings with the fuzzy affiliation of the data of the integrity of ancient buildings and multilevel fusion assessment and carried out an example analysis of the research on the protection of the cultural heritage of ancient buildings in the era of smart media. The results show that when the number of iterations is 15000, the mAP value is 0.9411 (where 1 represents the maximum AP value), which is higher than the training results with the number of iterations of 20000 and 25000, i.e., the Faster R-CNN training model has good applicability for the autonomous visual detection of the damage on the surface of the ancient buildings. “Q9 I will not damage the ancient buildings in Zhuge Village” has the highest mean value of 4.71 and the highest approval rate of 99.1, and the standard deviation of each question item is small, i.e., it indicates that there is a high degree of consistency in the positive attitudes of residents towards the protection of the cultural heritage of ancient buildings. This study contributes new ideas to the protection of ancient architectural, cultural heritage and tourism development, which is crucial for advancing the research field.

A REVIEW OF POINT CLOUD SEGMENTATION OF ARCHITECTURAL CULTURAL HERITAGE

Abstract. With the continuous development of laser scanning technology, the model reconstruction and information management system of architectural cultural heritage are gradually taking shape. Among them, point cloud segmentation of architectural cultural heritage is important for Historic Building Information Model (HBIM), disease extraction and analysis, heritage restoration and other research. This paper mainly focuses on the systematic analysis and summary of the point cloud segmentation of architectural cultural heritage, introduces related concepts, and summarizes the segmentation methods from three aspects: traditional methods, machine learning based on artificial features, and deep learning. In addition, this paper summarizes the evaluation metrics and public datasets of semantic segmentation commonly used today, and further elucidates the relevant applications after segmentation. Finally, this paper analyzes and prospects the main problems and future development trends. This review aims to provide a useful reference for relevant researchers in the field of architectural cultural heritage protection.

Contemporary Transformations of the Historic Urban Landscape of Sarajevo and Social Inclusion as a Traditional Value of a Multicultural Society

The main research question of this paper focuses on the impact of contemporary interventions on the protection of architectural heritage and the transformation of the unique historic urban landscape of Sarajevo, which symbolizes social tolerance. This study examines the tendencies that have been destroying the essence of such a landscape since the beginning of the 21st century. This research primarily relies on the method of direct observation to analyze the ongoing transformation of the urban landscape over the past 25 years. Additionally, previous research findings and relevant documentation regarding the ongoing urban metamorphosis were considered. The historical urban landscape of Sarajevo is the result of complex urban development that began in the mid-15th century. This urban form, still partially recognizable today, reflected prevailing social relationships, particularly the inclusion of different groups instead of their exclusion, which demonstrated tolerance. However, this research shows the incompatibility of today’s neoliberal concept with the preservation of an urban landscape that embodies tolerance and excludes social marginalization.

State Policy of Foreign Countries in the Field of Preservation of Architectural Heritage

The article highlights the actual problem of improving state policy in the field of conservation of architectural heritage. The main content of this study is an analysis of the structure of state authorities and local self-government involved in the protection of architectural heritage. The authors turn to the positive experience of China, Japan and the USA including the best practices of the United States in the field of conservation of architectural heritage by local governments which are actively involving civil society in the work. Special emphasis is placed on the attitude of Chinese state authorities to antiquities as a source of wisdom and sanity, contributing to the “Great Revival of the Chinese Nation”. The authors considered the initiative of Japan to take under local authorities’ protection entire groups of architectural buildings of special historical value. As a result of the study, some principles of the state policy of China, Japan and the USA in the field of conservation of architectural heritage were substantiated. The principles would be appropriate and applicable in domestic practice, namely, the high degree of popularization and education of the population in matters of architectural heritage protection, the democratic nature of the management of architectural heritage objects, the creation by public authorities of favorable conditions for attracting non-governmental organizations, the possibility of organizing a system of “protected areas of a complex of historical buildings”, the autonomy of local self-government bodies, etc.

Reflections on the Talent Cultivation System of Architectural Heritage Protection in China

Reflections on the Talent Cultivation System of Architectural Heritage Protection in China

СТАНОВЛЕННЯ МЕХАНІЗМІВ ОХОРОНИ, ЗБЕРЕЖЕННЯ ТА ВИКОРИСТАННЯ АРХІТЕКТУРНОЇ СПАДЩИНИ В ІТАЛІЇ

The article analyzes the process of forming a complex system of architectural heritage protection in Italy and the evolution of the legal system in the field of cultural heritage preservation. The analysis clarifies the condition of heritage preservation in Italy, allows to trace some trends in its development and follow their successful experience. The issue of the protection and usage of architectural monuments and the analysis of international experience in the field of cultural heritage preservation have not been studied enough in Ukrainian scientific works. The purpose of the article is to reveal the regularities and peculiarities of the history of the formation and development of the cultural heritage protection and usage mechanisms in Italy. Italian cultural policy in the field of cultural and natural heritage protection started forming earlier than in other European countries because of the amount of significant cultural values. Italy has the richest experience in working with architectural heritage. The current state of the studied area in Italy shows the successful approaches and the high-quality management policy, which made it possible to expand the country's tourist potential to the highest level in Europe without threatening the existence of monuments. Italian legislation allowed to expand and streamline cooperation between the government and regions in heritage preservation field. In addition, regions got some autonomy in the field of improving and increasing the value (valorization) of heritage. Public-private partnership in this field and the organization of public-private funds are also an effective attempt of state and private cooperation. The analysis of successful European experience can become a basis for improving the legislative framework of Ukraine in the field of cultural heritage protection and form mechanisms for effective management of architectural monuments, both at the national and regional levels.

The Ideological Background to Architectural Restoration in Turkey (1920s–1960s)

Abstract Based on primary sources such as field notes, reports, and project memorandums, this article addresses architectural restoration work in Turkey from the 1920s to the 1960s. Despite the country’s limited budget and workforce, especially in the early years of the republic, the government crafted an intense preservation program of historic monuments, whereby preservation professionals implemented the scientific protection of architectural heritage mainly through maintenance and repairs. This article argues that the historiography of Turkish art became an agent in restoration, while the concept of the essence of national architecture served as the ideological basis for physical interventions. Seeking to restore the pure forms of Turkish architecture, preservationists searched for the pedigree of built works, and Sinan’s style was treated as the zenith of Turkish architecture. Works by him, along with other examples associated with the “Classical Period of Architecture” were subjected to heavy-handed interventions aimed at achieving stylistic purity.

Architectural Conservation: A Case Study of Multan Jain Swamber Temple

Historical and architectural preservation need to be focused on in the planning of cities. National development policies and agendas should inculcate historic preservation. Architectural conservation phenomena should involve government representatives and local communities, public service providers and the private sector to collaborate with each other. This study examines the cultural heritage, showing some limitations and significant advances. The study discusses the case of the Jain Swamber temple in Multan's inner city. The study describes the temple's architecture and architectural aspects to underline the importance of architectural heritage conservation and protection in Multan, Pakistan. Temples and monasteries are the only places where Jain architecture may be found. Jian Swamber temple was built in the dominant style of the time and place it was created. The Mru-Gurjara style is characterized by elaborate carving, particularly on columns, enormous and delicately carved rosettes on mandap ceilings, and a distinctive "flying arch" between columns with no structural purpose is simply artistic. The temple is made of diverse local colors of pink, buff, and brown sandstone, which lightens the style and makes it appealing. Policymakers and architects can devise different conservation concepts and tactics to preserve architecture. As a result, buildings may not lose or change their appearance considerably.

Mixed Reality The application strategy exploration of technology in the preventive protection of architectural heritage

Digital, information and other computer technologies are more and more applied to the protection of architectural heritage, Mixed Reality technology with its "spatial consistency of real scene and virtual scene" characteristics, shows a broad application prospect in the preventive protection of architectural heritage. This paper first clarifies the definition of preventive protection of architectural heritage, then sorts out the development path of preventive protection, and finds that new technologies and methods are constantly added to the work of preventive protection. Secondly, the possibility of Mixed Reality technology intervention in preventive protection is discussed, and finally the application strategy of Mixed Reality technology in preventive protection is constructed.

On the Use of the Digital Twin Concept for the Structural Integrity Protection of Architectural Heritage

Undoubtedly, heritage buildings serve as essential embodiments of the cultural richness and diversity of the world’s states, and their conservation is of the utmost importance. Specifically, the protection of the structural integrity of these buildings is highly relevant not only because of the buildings themselves but also because they often contain precious artworks, such as sculptures, paintings, and frescoes. When a disaster causes damage to heritage buildings, these artworks will likely be damaged, resulting in the loss of historical and artistic materials and an intangible loss of memory and identity for people. To preserve heritage buildings, state-of-the-art recommendations inspired by the Venice Charter of 1964 suggest real-time monitoring of the progressive damage of existing structures, avoiding massive interventions, and providing immediate action in the case of a disaster. The most up-to-date digital information and analysis technologies, such as digital twins, can be employed to fulfil this approach. The implementation of the digital twin paradigm can be crucial in developing a preventive approach for built cultural heritage conservation, considering its key features of continuous data exchange with the physical system and predictive analysis. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the digital twin concept in the architecture, engineering, construction, and operation (AECO) domain. It also critically discusses some applications within the context of preserving the structural integrity of architectural heritage, with a particular emphasis on masonry structures. Finally, a prototype of the digital twin paradigm for the preservation of heritage buildings’ structural integrity is proposed.

Numerical Simulation Analysis of Chinese Timber Frame Ancient Buildings - An Example of the Hall of Supreme Harmony in the Forbidden City

Chinese ancient architecture is renowned for its unique large wooden structures and standards. However, the safety of the wooden structures in the Forbidden City has gradually deteriorated over long-term use. At present, most building safety evaluation methods rely on qualitative assessments rather than quantitative identifications. In the process of conducting safety evaluations, it is necessary to conduct sufficient analysis and judgment of building damage to determine the safety status of ancient buildings. To ensure the safety of the buildings, this study takes the Hall of Supreme Harmony in the Forbidden City as an example, using numerical simulation methods to analyze the components of Chinese wooden ancient architecture through finite element analysis, with the aim of quantitatively protecting China's traditional architectural cultural heritage. This study provides a scientific basis for the protection of China's traditional architectural cultural heritage and has high practical significance. The results showed that the deformation peak and internal force were within the allowable range according to relevant specifications.

Un pasaje olvidado en la ciudad monumental de Cáceres. La conexión de Tenerías a Caleros.

At the north of Cáceres Heritage Place, fifty meters from Santiago Church, can be seen a space shouting for a passageway due the urban net. But it is unknown in street map neither historical cartography. The city council provide for as a priority from the approval of Plan Especial de Protección y Revitalización del Patrimonio Arquitectónico (Town planning of protection and revitalization of architectural heritage) from 1990, integrated in General City Planning from 2010. From graphic layout are established proposals to implement the passageway, with benefits for all the parties concerned.

High-precision deformation analysis of yingxian wooden pagoda based on UAV image and terrestrial LiDAR point cloud

The monitoring of wooden pagodas is a very important task in the restoration of wooden pagodas. Traditionally, this labor has always been carried out by surveying personnel, who manually check all parts of the pagoda, which not only consumes huge manpower, but also suffers from low efficiency and measurement errors. This article evaluates the feasibility of combining portable 3D light detection and ranging (LiDAR) scanning and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry to perform these inspection tasks easily and accurately. The wooden pagoda's exterior picture and inside point cloud are acquired using a UAV and a LiDAR scanner, respectively. We propose a feature−based global alignment method to register the site point cloud. The error equation of the column of observed values is utilized as the beginning value of the feature constraint for global leveling. The beam method leveling model solves the spatial transformation parameters and the unknown point leveling values. Then, the Structure from Motion (SfM) algorithm of computer vision is used to realize the fusion of the dense point cloud of the exterior of the wooden pagoda generated from multiple non−measured images by global optimization and the LiDAR point cloud of the interior of the wooden pagoda to obtain the complete point cloud of the wooden pagoda, which makes the deformation monitoring of the pagoda more detailed and comprehensive. After experimental verification, the overall registration accuracy of the Yingxian wooden pagoda reaches 0.006 m. Compared with the scanning point cloud data in 2018, the model is more accurate and complete. By analyzing and comparing the data of the second floor of the wooden pagoda, we knew that the inclination of a second bright layer and a second dark layer is still developing steadily. Overall, the western outer trough inclines thoughtfully, and the column frame slopes from southwest to northeast. Some internal columns showed a negative offset in 2020, and the deformation analysis of a single column was realized by comparing it with the standard column model. The main contribution of this method lies in the effective integration of UAV images and point cloud data to provide accurate data sources for good modeling. This research will provide theoretical and methodological support for the digital protection of architectural heritage and GIS data modeling. The analysis results can provide a scientific basis for the restoration scheme design.

СТАНОВЛЕННЯ ТА СУЧАСНИЙ РОЗВИТОК АРХІТЕКТУРНОЇ КУЛЬТУРНОЇ СПАДЩИНИ В УКРАЇНІ

The article is devoted to the formation and modern development of architectural cultural heritage in Ukraine. Architectural cultural heritage, as a special part of complex protection, is the most important and strategic for the state. The protection of the national architectural and cultural heritage is recognized as one of the priorities of the National Security Strategy of Ukraine. This is a spiritual, humanistic and scientific and practical state task. The purpose of the work is to conduct an analysis of terminological concepts and principles of architectural cultural heritage protection; highlight the main historical aspects and directions of modern conservation methods in Ukraine. List the types of objects of architectural cultural heritage. Conclusions: in the course of work on the analysis of the current state and basic principles of preservation and use of the architectural cultural heritage of Ukraine, it was established that Ukraine and its regions have a huge historical and cultural potential, some of which are unique. and of global importance, which require special attention to protection. Despite the existing regulatory and legal framework, the management of architectural and cultural monuments of Ukraine requires careful control and refinement. In practice, hundreds of cultural heritage sites are subject to construction and demolition. The conceptual and terminological apparatus of heritage territories should be expanded, according to which a historical inhabited place is a city, village or village that has completely or partially preserved its historical area with objects of cultural heritage and the related planning and form of buildings, typical for of certain cultures or periods of development, and included in the list of historical settlements. The modern development of architectural cultural heritage should be based on the European concept of simple protection of buildings and structures - a complex set of measures for study, interpretation and use, which is perceived as the basis in Ukraine.

CONDITION OF PRESERVATION AND METHODS OF MATERIAL EVALUATION OF THE OBJECTS OF ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE IN PRYKAPATTIA

The Ukrainian state is a country with centuries-old history, on her walks of life unique sights of architectural inheritance are kept. Prykarpattya counts 3944 sights of cultural heritage, from what 1443 are the objects of sights of architecture, 90 sights are the objects of national value, other 1353 are local. Two monuments of sacred architecture are included in the UNESCO World Heritage List: the Church of the Holy Spirit in 1598 in Rohatyn and the Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary in 1808 in the village of Nyzhnii Verbizh, Kolomyia district. The basis of the development of the state is the preservation of cultural heritage, because it is a kind of engine of socio-cultural development of each nation. Preservation can be carried out by protecting, including material elements in modern urban planning, maintaining and monitoring the state of preservation and functioning of the cultural heritage object. The material part of the architectural heritage includes: urban planning systems, buildings and structures, anthropogenic landscapes, monuments of architecture, urban planning, monumental art, archeology, etc. The intangible part of the architectural heritage includes: professional experience, concepts theoretical views and ideas accumulated by the people and fixed in any form. Issues related to the protection and preservation of architectural heritage are regulated by the Convention for the Protection of European Architectural Heritage, which was ratified in 2006. The issue of assessing the architectural heritage is spelled out in the Law of Ukraine “On the Protection of Cultural Heritage”, which states that each architectural monument is an object of real estate and is subject to monetary valuation, since it carries property value. The article describes the number of architectural objects that we refer to as cultural monuments of national importance and on the example of several of them described their current state of preservation and architecture, as we see most of the architectural monuments need restoration. In the article, we analysed the methodology for assessing the state of preservation of architectural monuments and methods of monetary valuation of architectural objects and determined that none of them takes into account the historical value of the architectural heritage object, so we proposed to identify and take into account the following main criteria for evaluating an architectural monument: construction period, historical memory of the object, location of the object, tourist potential, socio-cultural object, uniqueness of the object, authenticity of the object. It is necessary to take into account the historical aspect in the methods of assessment, first of all, in order for people to realize the importance of preserving and protecting architectural objects. Keywords: architectural monument, state of preservation of architectural heritage, assessment of architectural heritage objects.

The Evolution of Cold Adaptation Technology within Ancient Buildings in Amur River Basin Viewed from Archaeology.

The Amur River Basin is located in China's high-latitude and cold border areas. While inheriting the characteristics of Chinese traditional building, combined with its unique geographical and climatic environmental conditions, the local residential buildings have unique architectural features of cold climate adaptability. Outstanding insulation technology has become the main feature of the area, and has greatly affected the development of modern vernacular architecture. According to the archaeological reports and documents, this article selects ancient architectural sites from different historical periods as the research objects. Based on building restoration, AIRPAK software is used to simulate and analyze the indoor temperature of the building site, and to explore the effects of active heating measures, such as different forms of fire hypocaust system, and passive cold protection measures, such as different types of wall structures. According to archaeological information and simulation data, this paper summarizes the characteristics of the cold climate adaptability technology of ancient buildings in China's cold border areas over different historical periods. Because of the relatively lagging development background of the Amur River Basin in modern times, the construction of its vernacular buildings continued to use the traditional low-tech insulation technology of ancient buildings to adapt to the cold environment. Therefore, attention and research on insulation technology of ancient buildings can provide a new perspective of architectural heritage protection in cold regions. Establishing a development model that combines archaeology and cultural heritage protection is an effective way to achieve the goals of architectural cultural heritage research and protection.