Archimedes Screw Research Articles

Optimalisasi Kinerja Archimedes Screw Menggunakan Sistem Transmisi Terhadap Output Daya (Watt)

Water energy sources at low head and discharge can be utilized as a generator of electrical energy, one of which is by using the Archimedes screw turbine, the Screw turbine is used in Pico Hydro Power Plants (PLPTH) as a small-scale power plant by utilizing water energy from river flow. The purpose of this research is to optimize the performance of the Archimedes screw turbine Pico Hydro Power Plant so as to produce a better power output. In this study the authors designed an Archimedes screw turbine model with a screw angle of 28°, 5 blade type screw, and 40° turbine tilt. This study focuses on a transmission system using a belt and pulley ratio of 1:3, with two levels of transmission, and a turbine tilt angle of 40°. The method used in this study is the experimental method. As a result, after trials were carried out on a stream located in the Sungailiat Archipelago Fishing Port area, the highest turbine rotation value was 146 rpm and generator rotation 756 rpm, resulting in a power output of 8 watts within 45 minutes of the trial period in the field. This means that after modifying the Archimedes screw turbine with the transmission system and the turbine tilt angle of 40°, the resulting power output increases.

Why did it take over 2,000 years between the discoveries of the Archimedes screw and the molecular helix?

Why did it take over 2,000 years between the discoveries of the Archimedes screw and the molecular helix?

A Miniaturized Archimedean Screw Pump for High-Viscosity Fluid Pumping in Microfluidics.

Microfluidic devices have revolutionized the field of lab-on-a-chip by enabling precise manipulation of small fluid volumes for various biomedical applications. However, most existing microfluidic pumps struggle to handle high-viscosity fluids, limiting their applicability in certain areas that involve bioanalysis and on-chip sample processing. In this paper, the design and fabrication of a miniaturized Archimedean screw pump for pumping high-viscosity fluids within microfluidic channels are presented. The pump was 3D-printed and operated vertically, allowing for continuous and directional fluid pumping. The pump's capabilities were demonstrated by successfully pumping polyethylene glycol (PEG) solutions that are over 100 times more viscous than water using a basic mini-DC motor. Efficient fluid manipulation at low voltages was achieved by the pump, making it suitable for point-of-care and field applications. The flow rates of water were characterized, and the effect of different screw pitch lengths on the flow rate was investigated. Additionally, the pump's capacity for pumping high-viscosity fluids was demonstrated by testing it with PEG solutions of increasing viscosity. The microfluidic pump's simple fabrication and easy operation position it as a promising candidate for lab-on-a-chip applications involving high-viscosity fluids.

ANALISIS POTENSI PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA PIKO HIDRO ARCHIMEDES SCREW TURBINE DI CURUG SAWER

People all across the world depend on electricity, which is now primarily produced by fossil fuel power plants. The world is currently switching to use a sustainable and affordable energy source, new renewable energy, or NRE. Water is a energy source of NRE, making it one of the potential sources of NRE around the world. Sukabumi, which is spread out across a large region and has a lot of hydropower potential, has a great chance of being used to run Piko-scale hydropower. Curug Sawer, a popular tourist destination with the potential of hydro power plants, is one of the PHPP potentials in the Sukabumi region. Based on CaSimir and Simulink MATLAB simulations, this study presents an examination of the potential for a pico hydro power plant with an Archimedes Screw turbine. With an area discharge of 0.67 m3/s and a Head height of 1.1 m, the natural reservoir area at Curug Sawer served as the study's source of hydropower. With these parameters, this PHPP can generate 4.67 kW of electricity and 110 kWh of power each day. The tourism destination curug sawer area might save Rp 1,768,680.00 per month on power because of this possibility.

Analysis of blockage correction methods for high-solidity hydrokinetic turbines: Experimental and numerical investigations

Harnessing hydrokinetic energy from deep water to increase the operation periods of observing platforms has received considerable attention in recent years. High-solidity hydrokinetic turbines with reliable startup performance are suitable for deployment in deep water with low current speed. However, few studies have been reported on the blockage effect of water flume experiment of a high-solidity hydrokinetic turbine. Hence, three high-solidity hydrokinetic turbines with excellent self-starting ability, a ductless Archimedes screw hydrokinetic turbine, a Savonius turbine, and a high-solidity horizontal axis turbine, were numerically investigated under varying blockage ratio conditions. Eight common blockage correction methods were adopted and evaluated for the blockage correction of high-solidity hydrokinetic turbines. Recommended blockage correction methods and their corresponding error under different blockage ratios are summarized to provide a reference for future experiments. Results indicate that the operating state of the turbine will significantly affect the blockage correction factor. For drag-type hydrokinetic turbines with a low design tip speed ratio, the correction factor is the largest in the static state and generally exhibits a downward trend with the increase in rotational speed. Therefore, different correction methods should be used in diverse operating states of the turbine.

Research on Location Selection of Mobile Communication Weak Coverage Network Based on Hierarchical K-means Clustering Algorithm

At present, the problem of weak coverage of mobile communication still exists. Firstly, this thesis determines the scale of the base station and the location of the network with the hierarchical clustering algorithm. Secondly, this thesis also determines the base station coverage with the sector area of the Archimedes screw, the location of the weak coverage point with the discriminative model of weak coverage point, and the angle of the sector with the coverage model of gradient descent method. Finally, this thesis provides better solutions to the weak coverage problem with the propagation model of cluster analysis, and optimizes the site selection with the correction model of the propagation pass loss. Within the certain cost, we aim to increase the volume of coverage business, decrease the time complexity of the model, and improve the efficiency of the site selection.

Assessment of the Attractiveness and Passage Efficiency of Different Fish Passage Solutions at a Hydropower Plant by Combining Fine Scale 2D-Telemetry and Hydraulic Numerical Modelling

Mitigation measures for downstream-migrating Atlantic salmon smolts (Salmo salar L.) are commonly insufficiently attractive to enable safe entrance and passage with no delay. Combining 2D telemetry with hydrodynamic modelling has been shown to be a good tool to better understand the influence of hydrodynamic factors on the migration route choice of fishes. In this study, we investigated the smolt downstream migration at a hydropower plant in Belgium that offers five migration routes, including two Archimedes screws and one nature-like fishway. At the hydropower plant, the Archimedes screws were the most used migration routes, due to higher discharges and more important water depths at their entrance. The weir and the canal intake were less used by the smolts. The nature-like fishway turned out to be less used, with 23% of the smolts. Its associated crossing time was significantly longer, probably due to shallow water depths and high flow velocities. The nature-like fishway had the potential to become a good migration route for salmon smolts after improvements to increase attractiveness and passage efficiency. Moreover, the Archimedes screws were not detrimental to the smolts and did not cause any significant delays to the crossing time.

Generation of Electricity From a Hydraulic Turbine in the Djonou River (Benin)

The shortage of electricity in rural areas despite the hydraulic potential they possess is becoming a challenge for Benin. To date, nearly 140,000 people spread over the 42 lakeside villages of this country live in energy inaccessibility, insecurity and poverty. To overcome this situation, the present study is therefore interested in the production of electrical energy on an experimental basis in low water periods thanks to an Archimedean screw turbine which operates at low flow rates and height of fall on the river. Djonou located in southern Benin a few kilometers from the University of Abomey-Calavi. The geometrical and hydraulic parameters of the screw were therefore determined and the device was modeled using Autocard software. A prototype was then made with local recycled materials and tested on the river. The screw specifications indicate an inside and outside radius of 0.072 m and 0.135 m. The length of the screw was set at 0.46 m for a blade radius estimated at 0.137 m. The number of screw blades is equal to 2 with a flow rate of 0.049 $ m^{3}/s $. The inclination angle of the screw is $25^{\circ}$. The device on the experimental site produces a voltage of 16 V and provides a current of about 0.12 A which can power a 2 W lamp. This performance of the prototype made on a small scale is a reliable indicator of the optimal use of this technology in the national hydraulic network of Benin to supply populations with electrical energy.

Performance simulation of water turbines by using 6-DoF UDF and sliding mesh methods

In this work, a comparison between the six degrees of freedom (6-DoF) method and the sliding mesh approach in computational fluid dynamics simulations of an Archimedes screw turbine for hydrokinetic applications was performed using ANSYs Fluent software. The numerical curves obtained by representing the power coefficient () values versus the tip speed ratio ( or ) were compared based on the experimental data available in the literature. Therefore, by considering the values as the comparison benchmark parameter between the numerical and experimental data, the error obtained when using the 6-DoF method and the sliding mesh approach was 13% and 40%, respectively. Both methods allowed the simulation of the rotor rotation, although the 6-DoF method was more accurate in the prediction of the turbine performance, higher computational resources were consumed in comparison with the sliding mesh method, which allows to obtain a computational solution in affordable times.

A New Cross-Flow Type Turbine for Ultra-Low Head in Streams and Channels

In the last few decades, hydropower production has been moving toward a new paradigm of low and diffused power density production of energy with small and mini-hydro plants, which usually do not require significant water storage. In the case of nominal power lower than 20 kW and ultra-low head H (H < 5 m), Archimedes screw or Kaplan type turbines are usually chosen due to their efficiency, which is higher than 0.85. A new cross-flow type turbine called Ultra-low Power Recovery System (UL-PRS) is proposed and its geometry and design criteria are validated in a wide range of operating conditions through 2D numerical analysis computed using the ANSYS Fluent solver. The new proposed solution is much simpler than the previously mentioned competitors; its outlet flow has a horizontal direction and attains similar efficiency. The costs of the UL-PRS turbine are compared with the costs of one Kaplan and one cross-flow turbine (CFT) in the case study of the main water treatment plant of the city of Palermo in Italy. In this case, the UL-PRS efficiency is estimated using a URANS 3D numerical analysis computed with the CFX solver.

Determining the Right Nozzle Diameter Size and Their Effect on the Performance of Picohydro Technology

New energy and renewable energy are solutions that can be applied to meet energy needs, especially those that are environmentally friendly. Currently, people, especially those living around energy sources such as rivers and irrigation, can independently create renewable power systems to produce energy. The application of picohydro power generation technology is the best solution in the application of environmentally friendly, independent, and renewable technologies. The purpose of this study was to determine the best performance of the nozzle output diameter of 3", 4", and 5" on picohydro technology using an Archimedes screw turbine. The research method was carried out by means of a prototype experiment using continuously circulated water fluid. The data collection process starts from the water discharge from the flowmeter, the rotation of the turbine blade, the rotation of the transmission, the rotation of the alternator, the pressure in the pressure gauge, and the power generated. The research results obtained information that at the smallest diameter (3") the nozzle pressure to the screw tip is not optimal because the water released by the nozzle only hits part of the screw leaf side, so that the performance is not optimal where the turbine shaft rotation at a maximum discharge of 30 m3/h is obtained at 230 rpm, while if the diameter of the output nozzle is given (5"), a lot of water is sprayed by the nozzle and it fills the screw leaves, which causes water to also overflow onto the screw in front of it, so that the flow does not normally flow from each screw, and it is also possible that the size of the input screw is not proportional to the output screw turbine, where the maximum rotation at a discharge of 30 m3/h is obtained at 247 rpm. For the size (4") it looks higher when viewed from the data obtained, this condition looks ideal in the size ratio between the input and output nozzles so that the resulting flow is also right to drive the turbine screw. The shaft rotation results obtained are 269 rpm for a water discharge of 30 m3/h.

AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF VARIATION OF IMPACT LEVELS ON WORKING EFFICIENCY OF ARCHIMEDES SCREW TURBINE ON MICRO-HYDRO POWER PLANT

Micro-hydro power plants take advantage of the energy potential of low-head airflow. with the development of technology that can support it, namely the Archimedes screw turbine as the driving force. Various parameters must be considered to determine the performance of micro hydro power plants with Archimedes screw turbines. A design is carried out with a discharge parameter flow rate of 2 l/s, a turbine slope of 300, and an immersion level variation of 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7, where the final result shows the value of torque, hydraulic power, mechanical power, generator, and efficiency, which decreases with the level of water immersion in the last blade.

Analisis Daya Elektrik dan Efisiensi dengan Variasi Debit Air dan Sudut Kemiringan Turbin pada Turbin Ulir Archimedes Dua Sudu

This study analyzes the effect of water discharge and the angle of inclination of the turbine on electrical power and efficiency using Archimedes screw turbine with two blades. This study aims to determine the effect of water discharge and the angle of inclination of the turbine on the electrical power and efficiency of the two-blade Archimedes screw turbine. The turbine is fed with water at variations of water discharge of 150 l/m, 300 l/m, 450 l/m. And vary angle of inclination of the turbine of 35°, 40°, and 45°. By using the variation of the water discharge that has been mentioned, the electrical power and efficiency obtained are 1,24 W and 9,78 % at a variation of 150 l/m, 2,89 W and 10,77 % at a variation of 300 l/m, and 3,65 W and 9,06 % at a variation of 450 l/m. When varying the angle of inclination, the electrical power and efficiency obtained are 3,33 W and 10,77 % on a slope of 35°, 3,65 W and 10,53 % on a slope of 40°, and 3,15 W and 8,6 % on a variation of 45°.

Comparative Analysis of Water Extraction Mechanism in Roman Mines

The removal of water from mines was one of the key issues that former miners had to deal with. Roman colonists brought new technology to the Iberian Peninsula that addressed this problem. However, they did not invent this technology because it had already been applied to the growth of other endeavours in the Hellenistic society throughout the Eastern Mediterranean. In the mine, the Archimedes screw, waterwheels, bucket pulleys, and Ctesibius pumps were the primary drainage systems. In this essay, the primary characteristics, and modes of operation of machines are examined. Without leaving out the most significant finds made in the southwest of the Iberian Peninsula, one of the regions with the longest history of mining exploitation. To serve as a foundation for future research in this field, this work compares the primary mining mechanisms in ancient Huelva on a qualitative and quantitative level by the implementation of a TOPSIS methodology, a multi-criteria decision analysis method.

Introducing a design procedure for Archimedes Screw Turbine based on optimization algorithm

Archimedes screw turbines have gained popularity in generating power from flowing water. One aspect that hasn't been considered yet is optimizing those parameters that are considered assumptions in the prediction models. In this research, a simple procedure was introduced to design an appropriate Archimedes screw turbine for a given site using a prediction model and an optimization model. First, the mathematical efficiency prediction model of Archimedes screw turbines was developed and validated with experimental and real-world Archimedes screw turbine data. Then, the grey wolves optimization algorithm was developed to be used as an actual engineering application, sensitively analyzed, and coupled with the prediction model. The prediction models were evaluated. The model convergence was investigated, and then, the optimization parameters were found to get maximum efficiency. The results revealed that the optimum number of iterations and grey wolves are 200 and five, respectively. Also, the best values for the inner diameter to the outer diameter ratio, the pitch to the outer diameter ratio, tilt angle, and blade number were found in ranges: 0.43–0.56, 1–1.2, 20–22.5, and 2–4, respectively.

An Analysis on Performance of Pico-hydro with Archimedes Screw Model Viewed from Turbine Shaft Angle

The use of energy, especially for daily needs, is important. Pico hydro is an environmentally friendly power plant model that can take advantage of low flow rates and generate electricity below 1 kW. The purpose of this research is to obtain the best performance of pico hydro with a screw-shaped turbine model or what is called Archimedes Screw Turbine. The research method was carried out experimentally by adjusting the angle of the Archimedes screw turbine shaft, namely 30°, 45° and 60°. Observations at a discharge of 15 m3/h with an angle of 30° provide information that the screw turbine power obtained is 111.4 W with an efficiency of 57%. For an angle of 45° the power is 165.7 W and an efficiency of 77% while at an angle of 60° it produces 186 W of power with an efficiency of 87%. The results of this analysis prove that the pico-hydro model with a screw turbine by adjusting the angle variation on the turbine shaft gives the conclusion that the greater the given angle is, the greater the obtained performance will be, in terms of power and efficiency.

Experimental Investigation on the Effect of Flow Rate and Load on the Hydrodynamic Behavior and Performance of an Archimedes Screw Turbine

One of the best solutions to overcome problems caused by fossil fuel consumption is using renewable energy. In this research, effect of flow rate and load on the performance of an Archimedes turbine was experimentally studied. At first, Archimedes turbine with optimal size was made using 3D printer technology. Then it was placed in the river simulation setup. After the calibration and uncertainty analysis, tests were performed for three flow rates and five electrical resistances. The results showed that increasing the flow rate leads to a rise in power, torque, and angular velocity of the turbine, but it leads to a non-linear behavior in efficiency. On the other hand, an increase in electrical load has also led to a decrease in converter performance for all conditions. In addition, by implementing π-Buckingham theory, the converter's hydrodynamic behavior was studied by using Reynolds numbers, dimensionless flow, and power coefficiency. The results showed that an increase in Reynolds number leads to a decrease in power coefficiency. However, an increase in dimensionless flow increases the power coefficiency first and then decreases (nonlinear behavior). In addition, the Archimedes screw turbine was also studied from an economic point of view, and the results showed that increasing discount rate leads to an increase in discounted payback period, and in the worst case, the payback period is 3.09 years, and in the best case, it is 1.6 years. Also, the construction of the Archimedean screw turbine in Iran can save currency for $1439.5.

Sustainable Manufacturability of Archimedes Screw Turbines: A Critical Review

Archimedes screw turbines are considered a new technology in small- or microscale hydropower. Archimedes screw turbines are easy and practical to operate. However, their manufacturing presents some challenges owing to their screw-shaped design. Most of the previous works on Archimedes screw turbines focused on the turbines’ design, while limited studies were found on their manufacturing processes. In addition, no review work was found on the manufacturability of the Archimedes screw turbine. Hence, this work aims to address this gap by reviewing the various manufacturing methods of Archimedes screw turbines. Moreover, one of the objectives of the study is to assess the sustainable manufacturability of the Archimedes screw turbine. The results show that Archimedes screw turbines are mainly manufactured using conventional manufacturing methods for larger turbines and 3D printers for relatively smaller ones. Traditional methods of manufacturing entailed high skill proficiency, while 3D-printing methods for Archimedes screw turbines are still in their early developmental stages. Sustainable assessment studies have identified additive manufacturing as having a relatively lower environmental impact than conventional manufacturing on turbine blades. These trade-offs must be accounted for in the design and development of Archimedes screw turbines. Moreover, integrating sustainability assessment and the employment of Industry 4.0 enables the smart production and sustainable assessment of AST manufacturability.

Performance of an Archimedes screw turbine with spiral configuration for hydrokinetic applications

The performance of an Archimedes spiral turbine (AST) for hydrokinetic applications was examined using a three-dimensional unsteady numerical model utilizing the six degrees of freedom (6-DOF) solver that is available in ANSYs Fluent software. From the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, the power coefficient (Cp) curve was estimated. This curve was compared with the curve of an Archimedes screw hydrokinetic turbine (ASHT) reported in the literature. The ASHT was found to be more efficient than the AST for electricity generation. The highest value of Cp for the AST was 0.337, which is a relatively high value in comparison with that of other types of hydrokinetic turbines. The results calculated from the CFD for the AST were compared with an experimental study reported for wind applications.

Sustainable Power Generation Using Archimedean Screw Turbine: Influence of Blade Number on Flow and Performance

Hydropower has been one of the mature renewable energy systems encompassing a major fraction of renewable energy. Archimedean screw turbines are gaining new interest in hydropower generation that are suitable for low head applications. This paper empirically and experimentally studies the flow inside Archimedean screw turbines along with the influence of blade numbers on their performance. The major objective of this work is to investigate performance and conduct design optimization of a screw turbine operating under ultra-low head (<0.2 m) conditions. Experimentally verified empirical results show its reliability in estimating the performance of turbines at low operational speeds. Further, the results show that with the increasing number of blades, the efficiency and power generation capacity can be increased, but the overall performance improvement relative to one blade turbine peaks at around 7 blades. Increasing the power generation capacity can in turn make the turbine compact and could be fabricated at a low-cost.