Arc Ion Research Articles

High throughput virtual screening and validation of Plant-Based EGFR L858R kinase inhibitors against Non-Small cell lung Cancer: An integrated approach Utilizing GC–MS, network Pharmacology, Docking, and molecular dynamics

Lung cancer ranks as the 2nd most common cancer globally. It’s the most prevalent cancer in men and the 2nd most common in women. The prominent events in EGFR-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) include the emergence of the L858R mutation within EGFR exon 21. Despite the promising efficacy of EGFR inhibitors in managing lung cancer, the development of acquired resistance poses a significant hurdle. In the current investigation, we focused on the screening of two phytochemicals, namely Dehydrocostus lactone and Mokkolactone, derived from the Saussurea lappa plant, as potential inhibitors targeting EGFR L858R mutant lung cancer. The chloroform and ethanol extract of the plant demonstrated anti-proliferative activity through the Resazurin chemosensitivity assay, exhibiting an IC50 value of 37.90 ± 0.29 µg/ml with selectivity index 2.4. Through a GC–MS study, we identified 11 phytochemicals for further insilico analysis. These compounds underwent ADMET assessment followed by drug likeliness analysis before being subjected to molecular docking against EGFR L858R, identified through protein–protein interaction network analysis. All phytochemicals exhibited binding energy scores ranging from −6.9 to −8.1 kcal/mol. Dehydrocostus lactone and Mokkolactone were specifically identified for their binding profile. Findings from 100 ns molecular dynamics simulations demonstrated their enhanced stability compared to the reference ligand DJK. This was evident in the root mean square deviation (RMSD) values, ranging from 0.23 ± 0.01 nm to 0.30 ± 0.05 nm, the radius of gyration values, from 1.71 ± 0.01 nm to 1.72 ± 0.01 nm, and the solvent accessible surface area values, from 155.39 ± 2.40 nm2 to 159.32 ± 2.14 nm2. Additionally, favourable characteristics were observed in terms of hydrogen bonding, principal component analysis, and free energy landscape analysis. Examination of their electronic structure via density functional theory revealed efficient properties, with the highest occupied molecular orbital-least unoccupied molecular orbital energy gap values ranging from −3.984 eV to −6.547 eV. Further, in vivo analysis is required to gain a more comprehensive understanding and efficacy of these identified phytochemicals against lung cancer.

Saussurea lappa plant rhizome extract-based zinc oxide nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization and its antibacterial, antifungal activities and cytotoxic studies against Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cell lines

The plant extracts are known for their anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antiviral and antibacterial properties. The use of plant extracts in the preparation of bio-materials increases their biological application. In this concern, herein reporting an eco-friendly procedure which is also a simple and cost effective, for the synthesis of Zinc Oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) using Saussurea lappa plant root (rhizome) extract as a fuel. The prepared nanoparticles were confirmed using various characterization techniques. The Dynamic light scattering data showed 123.5 nm particle size with -99.9 mv zeta potential which indicates excellent stability of the particles. The peak at 541 cm−1 in the IR spectrum is assigned to the stretching frequency of the zinc-binding to oxygen. The X-ray diffraction peaks confirm the close association with JCPDS Data Card No: 36-1451. The FESEM data revealed a hexagonal wurtzite structure with a hexagonal shape of synthesized ZnO nanoparticles. The antibacterial studies indicate the gram-negative strains showed better inhibition activity than gram-positive strains. Among Fungal strains, Aspergillus niger and flavus, Fusarium oxysporum, and Rhizopus oryzae showed good inhibition activity at higher concentrations. The cytotoxic data indicates the 5 μg/mL of the ZnO particles showed cytotoxicity on the CHO cell line and with IC50 value 3.164 ± 0.8956 μg/mL.

Fauna and ecology of mining flies of the genus <i>Phytomyza</i> (Diptera: Agromyzidae) in Nagorno-Karabakh

The aim of the work was to study the species composition, as well as some behavior, ecology, biology issues, species distribution of the genus Phytomyza and research of cultivated and wild host-plants in Nagorno-Karabakh. Infected plant leaves, larvae and pupae of the mining flies collected from different geographical zones of Nagorno-Karabakh were served as scientific material. Species composition was determined under laboratory conditions after imagoes hatching from mines with larvae and pupae. Three species were identified, they belong to the genus Phytomyza: Phytomyza horticola (Goureau, 1851), Ph. plantaginis (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1851) and Ph. lappae (Goureau, 1851). The polyphagous Ph. horticola species infect mainly the plant species of the families Brassicaceae, Asteraceae and Cucurbitaceae. The monophagous Ph. plantaginis and Ph. lappae species accordingly infect Plantago mayor and Arctium lappa plant species. The paper presents features of the genus, morphology and biology of imago, ecological characteristics of their larvae and pupae, mines, intensity and extensiveness of plant infection. The studies have shown that despite the similarity of some species of the genus in terms of external morphological characteristics, they differ in environments of pupal development, and more accurate identity of the species is determined by studying the reproductive organs. Among the studied species, the mines formed on the lower surface are always longer than the mines on the upper surface of the leaf blade. Methods of variance analysis showed that sexual dimorphism is most expressed among Ph. horticola. Taking into account the significant damage caused by the larvae of the Ph. horticola species to a group of vegetable crops, especially to the onion plant (Allium cepa), it can be included in the list of onion pests. The high damage to the leaves of weed plants by Ph. horticola larvae indicates the prospects of using this miner in the fight against weeds.

Arctium lappa and Arctium tomentosum, Sources of Arctii radix: Comparison of Anti-Lipoxygenase and Antioxidant Activity as well as the Chemical Composition of Extracts from Aerial Parts and from Roots.

Arctium lappa is a weed used in traditional medicine in the treatment of skin inflammation and digestive tract diseases. Arctium tomentosum is used in folk medicine interchangeably with Arctium lappa and, according to European Medicines Agency (EMA) monography, provides an equal source of Arctii radix (Bardanae radix), despite the small amount of research confirming its activity and chemical composition. The aim of the study was the comparison of the anti-lipoxygenase and the antioxidant activity, scavenging of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), superoxide anion (O2•−), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), of 70 % (v/v) ethanolic extracts from the aerial parts and the roots of Arctium lappa and Arctium tomentosum. In the tested extracts, the total polyphenols content and the chemical composition, analyzed with the HPLC–DAD–MSn method, were also compared. The extracts were characterized by strong antioxidant properties, but their ability to inhibit lipoxygenase activity was rather weak. A correlation between the content of polyphenolic compounds and antioxidant activity was observed. The extracts from A. lappa plant materials scavenged reactive oxygen species more strongly than the extracts from A. tomentosum plant materials. Moreover, the extracts from A. lappa plant materials were characterized by the statistically significantly higher content of polyphenolic compounds.

Further analysis of the compatibility application of Inonotus obliquus in the treatment of gastrointestinal disordersin Russia

This paper introduces the application of Inonotus obliquus in the rehabilitation treatment of gastrointestinal diseases in Russia. It is found that Inonotus obliquus is widely used in the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. Inonotus obliquus can be compatible with Mentha nigrum, green walnut peel, Hypericum perforatum, chamomile, red Sorbus, Daisy, yarrow, Schisandra, Tilia, chamomile, fennel seed, marigold, plantain juice, dried potted leaves, burdock root, etc., and it has a good effect on diarrhea, constipation, gastric and duodenal ulcer, low acid gastritis, acute gastritis, dodecadactyly Enteritis and so on have certain curative effect. Key words: Medicinal fungi; Inonotus obliquus; Abdominal disease; Compatibility; Russia

Distribution and comparison of major selected elements in root of wild plant, root derived calli and various anatomical parts of cultivated Saussurea lappa: An endangered medicinal plant

Levels of sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), calcium (Ca+2) and magnesium (Mg+2) ions were determined in the root, leaf and petiole of cultivated Sassurea lappa plant collected from Pakistan Forest Institute, Peshawar. The same ions were also analyzed in root (b) of the same plant collected from Koza Gali, Abbottabad as well as in wild plant root (c) of Kashmir hills. Potassium (K+) and sodium (Na+) in the medicinal plant, S. lappa were determined by using flame photometer (Jenway PFP 7) while Ca+2 and Mg+2 contents were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Hitachi Z-800). Significant differences were observed among all the tested samples. However, the highest level of K+ was 1886.45 µMg-1 found in cultivated plant petiole and its lowest concentration was 385.351 µMg-1 observed in shoot derived callus (callus a). Sodium content (Na+) was found higher in shoot callus (callus a) while magnesium (Mg+2) concentration was observed high (109.349 µMg-1) in root (b) collected from Koza Gali, Abbottabad and their lower concentrations were 102 µMg-1 and 47.432 µMg-1 found in petiole and wild plant root (root c) respectively. The lowest concentration was found in case of Ca+2 in comparison of other elements. The levels of all the selected elements were highly varied in the anatomical parts of the same cultivated plant, shoot and root derived calli and between the varied regions plant roots except Ca+2. The overall levels of the elements were found in the order: K+ > Na+ > Mg+2 > Ca+2. Keywords: Saussurea lappa; In vitro culture; Calli; Major elements http://dx.doi.org/10.19045/bspab.2019.80087

Flubenziamide (Pesticides).

The Food Safety Commission of Japan (FSCJ) conducted a risk assessment of flubendiamide (CAS No. 272451-65-7), an iodophthalimide insecticide for the setting of an acceptable daily intake (ADI) in 2006. FSCJ now has assessed this insecticide for the setting of an acute reference dose (ARfD). Data including fate in animals (rats and mice) and residues in crops (burdock roots, pumpkins and others) were newly submitted. Major adverse effects of flubendiamide include hepatocellular hypertrophy, fatty changes in hepatocytes, follicular epithelial cell hypertrophy in thyroid and ocular enlarged eye in rats. No neurotoxicity, carcinogenicity, reproductive toxicity, teratogenicity, neurodevelopmental toxicity and genotoxicity were observed. The lowest no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) in the toxicological studies was 1.70 mg/kg body weight/day in a two-year carcinogenicity study in rats. FSCJ confirmed an ADI of 0.017 mg/kg bw/day after applying a safety factor of 100 to the NOAEL. Adverse effects elicited by a single oral administration of flubendiamide would be abnormalities in eyes such as ocular hypertrophy and iris adhesion in offspring, which were obtained in a two-generation reproductive toxicity study, a one-generation reproductive toxicity study and a neurodevelopmental toxicity study in rats. FSCJ judged that these studies may be applicable to set the ARfD for lactating women in relation to the exposure of flubendiamide to offspring after the birth through breast milk. By taking into account the overall evaluations of the two-generation reproductive toxicity study, one-generation reproductive toxicity study and neurodevelopmental toxicity study in rats, FSCJ judged NOAEL of 15.0 mg/kg bw/day as for an overall NOAEL, and consequently specified an ARfD of 0.15 mg/kg bw/day for lactating women by applying a safety factor of 100 to the NOAEL.

Comparative Study of Hot Corrosion Behavior of theEnamel Based Composite Coatings and the ArcIon Plating NiCrAlY on TiAl Alloy

Comparative Study of Hot Corrosion Behavior of theEnamel Based Composite Coatings and the ArcIon Plating NiCrAlY on TiAl Alloy

Analyses of the Volatile Flavor Composition of Burdock (Arctium lappa L.) Leaves according to Harvesting Season

Analyses of the Volatile Flavor Composition of Burdock (Arctium lappa L.) Leaves according to Harvesting Season

우엉분말을 첨가한 쿠키의 품질특성

우엉분말을 첨가한 쿠키의 품질특성

Isolation and Characterization of a Human Intestinal Bacterium Eggerthella sp. AUH-JLD49s for the Conversion of (-)-3'-Desmethylarctigenin.

Arctiin is the most abundant bioactive compound contained in the Arctium lappa plant. In our previous study, we isolated one single bacterium capable of bioconverting arctigenin, an aglycone of arctiin, to 3'-desmethylarctigenin (3'-DMAG) solely. However, to date, a specific bacterium capable of producing other arctiin metabolites has not been reported. In this study, we isolated one single bacterium, which we named Eggerthella sp. AUH-JLD49s, capable of bioconverting 3'-DMAG under anaerobic conditions. The metabolite of 3'-DMAG by strain AUH-JLD49s was identified as 3'-desmethyl-4'-dehydroxyarctigenin (DMDH-AG) based on electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The bioconversion kinetics and bioconversion capacity of strain AUH-JLD49s were investigated. In addition, the metabolite DMDH-AG showed an inhibitory effect on cell growth of human colon cancer cell line HCT116 and human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231.

Immunomodulatory effects of mixed Weissella cibaria JW15 with water extract of black soybean and burdock on Listeria monocytogenes infection in mice.

The objective of this study is to assess immunomodulatory effects of mixed Weissella (W.) cibaria JW15 strain with water extract of black soybean (Glycine max) and burdock (Arctium lappa) on Listeria (L.) monocytogenes infection in mice. Female 7-9 week old BALB/c mice were given a daily dose of 1 × 109 CFU of viable JW15 and JW15 mixed with black soybean (BS) and burdock (BD) in 200 μL PBS for 2 weeks. The nomal control group (NC) and positive control group (PC) were given 200 μL PBS. After 2 weeks, mice were infected with L. monocytogenes (1.0 × 105 CFU/mouse) via the tail vein. The NC was injected with 100 μL PBS without L. monocytogenes. After 2 days, mice were euthanized and their body weights were determined. In addition, their livers and spleens were weighed, and serum were analyzed for cytokine (Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)) production. The survival rate was monitored using 5 mice in each group in the same way above until the mice died. Two days after infection with L. monocytogenes, mean spleen weight per body weight (g/kg) of JW15 (5.4 ± 0.88 g/kg), JW15 + BS (6.0 ± 0.64 g/kg), and JW15 + BD (5.3 ± 0.38 g/kg) group were significantly lower than that of the PC (6.8 ± 0.57 g/kg). The level of IL-1β in the serum of JW15 + BD (113.6 ± 31.03 pg/mL) was significantly higher than that of the JW15 (67.9 ± 15.15 pg/mL). Collectively, combination W. cibaria JW15 and water extract of BD and BD have ability to induce synergistic immunomodulative effects and are suitable for consideration as a functional food for humans and functional feed additives for companion animals.

Enhancement of Immune Activities of Canavalia gladiata & Arctium lappa complexes in immobilization stress mouse model.

Enhancement of Immune Activities of Canavalia gladiata & Arctium lappa complexes in immobilization stress mouse model.

Effect of burdock extract on physical performance and physiological fatigue in mice.

Burdock (BD) is a common vegetable with many pharmacological properties. However, few studies have examined the effect of BD on exercise performance and physical fatigue. We aimed to evaluate the potential beneficial effects of BD on fatigue and ergogenic functions following physical challenge in mice. Methods: Male ICR mice were divided into four groups to receive either vehicle, or BD at 348.5, 697 or 1,742.5 mg/kg/day, by daily oral gavage for 4 weeks. Exercise performance and fatigue were evaluated from forelimb grip strength, exhaustive swimming time, and post-exercise levels of physical fatigue-related biomarkers serum lactate, ammonia, glucose, and creatine kinase (CK). Results: BD supplementation elevated endurance and grip strength in a dose-dependent manner. It also significantly decreased lactate, ammonia, and CK levels after physical challenge. In addition, BD supplementation had few subchronic toxic effects. Conclusions: Supplementation with BD has a wide spectrum of bioactive effects, including health promotion, performance improvement, and fatigue reduction.

Suppression of colon cancer by administration of Canavalia gladiata D.C. and Arctium lappa L., Redix extracts in tumor-bearing mice model

Suppression of colon cancer by administration of Canavalia gladiata D.C. and Arctium lappa L., Redix extracts in tumor-bearing mice model

우엉을 첨가한 찹쌀 다식의 품질 특성

우엉을 첨가한 찹쌀 다식의 품질 특성

Study on the Interface Characteristics of Cemented Carbide after Stripping Ti Department Coatings

TiAlN Coatings were stripped by chemical method, which were deposited on Y WZ Alloy by arc ion plating. The surface morphology and composition of the cemented carbide after stripping TiAlN coatings by chemistry method were analyzed. It was found that TiA1N coatings on the cemented carbide substrates could be removed by being taken in 30% of hydrogen peroxide and potassium oxalate in alkaline mixed solution (V(NaOH so1ution):V(3O%H2O2):V(COOK solution) = 1:1:1) at 45 °C for 45 minutes. The surface of the cemented carbide substrate was bright, and the color was the same as that before depositing TiA1N coatings. The surface of the substrate after removing was studied by X-ray photoelectron spectrum (XPS). The results showed that binding energies of the W element and the main peak of N element on the substrate surface were much close to the criterion binding energy in the XPS data-base; and the valence of the element on the YW2 alloy changed little. The Al, Ti and N elements diffusing into the superficial zone of the sample during the coating depositing process made their contents increase and the band energy location offset after stripping the coating. TiN and A1N were formed, which benefit to increase the film-substrate cohesion during re-preparing coatings. The influence of stripping solution on the corrosion degree of cemented carbide substrate was small.

Enhancement and quenching of photoluminescence from Au nanoparticles and CdTe quantum dot composite system

New composite systems consisting of Au nanoparticles (NPs) and CdTe quantum dots (QDs) are fabricated by spin coating chemically synthesizing CdTe QDs on silica substrates which have already been implanted by Ag ions through using a metal vapor vacuum arc (MEVVA) ion source implanter. By thermally annealing the Au ions implanted silica substrates, the growth and redistribution of Au NPs can be controlled, the influence of localized surface plasmon (LSP) of Au NPs on the photoluminescence (PL) of CdTe QDs is well studied. The optical properties, surface morphologies, microstructures, and light emission properties of the Au-ion implanted samples are investigated by using optical absorption spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and PL spectra measurements. PL spectra show that the PL intensities from Au NPs and CdTe QDs composite systems can be enhanced or quenched compared with those of CdTe QDs directly spin coated on bare silica substrate. The underlying interaction processes between Au NPs and CdTe QDs are discussed in depth, and the new mechanisms for the PL enhancement and quenching in the Au-CdTe coupled systems are put forward. These results provide a good reference for the future designing of optoelectronic devices with improved luminescence efficiency by LSP of metal NPs.

N 2 流量对HIPIMS制备TiSiN涂层结构和力学性能的影响

Over the past years, TiSiN coatings have gained increasing importance in the field of cutting tool coatings due to its enhanced hardness and superior oxidation resistance properties produced by the nanocomposite microstructure of TiN nanocrystals embedded in an amorphous Si3N4 matrix. Many methods have been developed to prepare TiSiN coatings, typically named by the DC magnetron sputtering (DCMS) technique and cathodic arc ion plating (AIP), whereas limited studies have been carried out on the deposition of nanocomposite coatings using the high power impulse magnetron sputtering (HIPIMS) approach. The TiSiN coatings were reactively magnetron sputtered in mixed Ar/N-2 precursor gases in a new BERMS system with different flow rate of N-2 in this work. The deposition rate, crystal structure, composition, surface morphology, microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated systematically by surface profilometer, XRD, XPS, SPM, SEM, HRTEM and nano-indentation and the plasma discharge also was studied. The results show that increasing the flow rate of N-2 caused the decrease of deposition rate as expected, accompanying with the change of preferred orientation from (200) orientation to (220) orientation and the decreased compactness, discharge degree and ionization rate. Contrary to the changes of Ti content, Si content gradually increased with increasing the flow rate of N-2, but their changing scale were small. Combined with XRD and XPS analysis, the results indicated that the coatings were composed of crystalline TiN, amorphous Si3N4 and free Si. Besides, free Si disappeared with further increasing the flow rate of N-2. This nanocomposite structure can ultimately be assessed by HRTEM where individual grains and the amorphous regions can be distinguished. In addition, the grain size increased gradually with increasing the flow rate of N-2. Furthermore, both the hardness and elastic modulus linearly decreased with increasing the flow rate of N-2.

Experimental Results of Ion Beam Extraction of High-Current Ion Source for EAST Neutral Beam Injector

The first campaign of ion beam extraction tests are completed for EAST NBI high current ion source. The hydrogen ion beam with beam voltage of 80 keV is extracted from tetrode accelerator system. During the experiment, the characteristics of arc discharge and ion beam extraction are studied. The arc power reaches 120 kW and the extracted ion beam power reaches 3 MW. The relationship of some key parameters of arc and beam are investigated, and the details are described in this paper.