Arbitrary Creation Research Articles

The origin, characteristics and Prospect of Metaverse

In 2021, the concept of Metaverse has gone viral. Decentralized virtual identity, immersive experience, unprecedented interactive function, mature economic system, arbitrary creation, continuous self-evolution and upgrading. Those are the six characteristics of the Metaverse. It shows great development potential and prospects in social, office, education, game and other fields. In the future, the Metaverse market can be prospered by improving the screening ability, clarifying the regulatory boundary, paying attention to value shaping and closely following the innovation of the times.

Classical Theism, Arbitrary Creation, and Reason-Based Action

Surely God, as a perfectly rational being, created the universe for some reason. But is God’s creating the universe for a reason compatible with divine impassibility? That is the question I investigate in this article. The prima facie tension between impassibility and God’s creating for a reason arises from impassibility’s commitment to God being uninfluenced by anything ad extra. If God is uninfluenced in this way, asks the detractor, how could he be moved to create anything at all? This prima facie tension has recently been formalized and dubbed the ‘Problem of Arbitrary Creation’. In this article, I defend a new extension of this problem. I begin by characterizing classical theism, divine simplicity, and divine impassibility. I then spell out the Problem of Arbitrary Creation as developed by R. T. Mullins. I next raise a worry for Mullins’ version of the argument. Finally, I extend the argument and show how my extension avoids the aforementioned worry.

CHARACTERIZATION OF ELECTRONIC STRUCTURES AT ORGANIC–2D MATERIALS INTERFACES WITH ADVANCED SYNCHROTRON-BASED SOFT X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY

The discovery of two-dimensional (2D) materials with single or a few-atom-thick layers has presented unprecedented opportunities to study, control and harness the properties of van der Waals (vdW) materials at their 2D limit. It also offers a platform that allows the arbitrary creation of heterostructures in a materials-by-design approach with properties tailored by the constituting components. Combining organic molecules with 2D materials to form hybrid heterointerfaces has recently emerged as a facile and versatile approach to engineer the electronic, optical, magnetic and chemical properties of 2D materials for new or optimized device applications. Underpinning the development of organic–2D materials heterostructures is the ability to interrogate the interfacial electronic structures and properties at multiple dimensions. This review provides a timely update on the application of synchrotron-based soft X-ray spectroscopies (SR-SXS) in the characterization of organic–2D materials interfaces. By harnessing the unparalleled high energy resolution, tunable energy, high brilliance and tunable polarization inherent to synchrotron radiation, electronic structures, charge transfer dynamics, molecular orientations and spin configurations at the hybrid interfaces can be examined, which helps us to formularize a coherent understanding of the organic–2D materials interfaces that will guide the design of new hybrid vdW structures and devices. We also offer our perspective on the future application of SR-SXS in the exploration of organic–2D materials heterostructures.

Zašto terminologia anatomica na srpskom jeziku?

In article is discussed, from the viewpoint of anatomist, the absence of a "standard" anatomical terminology in Serbian language and the consequences of this fact. After a short overview of the history of the anatomical terminology in the world, the importance of standard anatomical terminology in communication and accurate data exchange in medicine are highlighted. Brief history and the difficulties in the development of anatomical terminology in the Serbian language are presented, and the important role of linguists in its preparation is emphasized. Finally, the reasons why it is necessary to establish a standard anatomical terminology in the Serbian language are given. These reasons are: 1. During the study of anatomy, students encounter new concepts for the first time, which are best explained to beginners in Serbian language; 2. in order to facilitate learning, it is important that texts in anatomy textbooks and from various branches of medicine do not contain different names for the same structures; 3. for entering data into the computers that are now widely used, it is very often necessary to enter the specific terms correctly; 4. general literacy and standardization of professional language should not be neglected, while preserving traditional expressions that patients should also understand; 5. creating a unique terminology avoids arbitrary creation and use of names; 6. finally, the future anatomical terminology in the Serbian language can also serve as an aid to translators in translating to and from Serbian.

The Problem of Arbitrary Creation for Impassibility

AbstractThere is a particular question that has plagued classical Christian theism over the centuries. What reason could God have for creating a universe? In this article, I shall articulate the unique claims of classical theism that other rival models of God lack. I shall argue that classical theism’s unique commitments entail that God cannot create the universe for a reason. Thus, any nonclassical model of God can claim to have the advantage over classical theism because they can affirm that God creates the universe for a reason. In Section 1, I shall articulate classical theism. In Section 2, I shall lay the groundwork for the debate by explaining what a reason is and what a creation is. In Section 3, I shall argue that a classical theist cannot affirm that God creates the universe for a reason, thus conflicting with God’s perfect rationality.

Purity and efficiency of hybrid orbital angular momentum-generating metasurfaces

Controlling light with subwavelength-designed metasurfaces (MSs) has allowed for the arbitrary creation of structured light by precisely engineered matter. We report on the purity and conversion efficiency of hybrid orbital angular momentum (OAM)-generating MSs. We use a recently reported method to design and fabricate meta-surfaces that exploit generalized spin-orbit coupling to produce vector OAM states with asymmetric OAM superpositions, e.g., 1 and 5, coupled to linear and circular polarization states, fractional vector OAM states with OAM values of 3.5 and 6.5, and also the common conjugate spin and OAM of ±1 as reported in previous spin-orbit coupling devices. The OAM and radial modes in the resulting beams are quantitatively studied by implementing a modal decomposition approach, establishing both purity and conversion efficiency. We find conversion efficiencies exceeding 75% and purities in excess of 95%. A phase-flattening approach reveals that the OAM purity can be very low due to the presence of undesired radial components. We characterize the effect and illustrate how to suppress the undesired radial modes.

External pressure induced liquid crystal defects for optical vortex generation

Simple and arbitrary creation of liquid crystal (LC) defects can be highly useful, in particular, for the creation of optical vortex. We report a novel method to create an isolated and stable +1 type concentric LC defect by combing an external pressure on a vertically aligned liquid crystal cell (VALC) and the application of electric fields. The method does not require special material in alignment layer, nor patterned electrodes such as in spatial light modulator, but it can produce stable and rewritable defects in a LC cell. We show that the created +1 defect can be used to generate optical vortices with ±2ℏ orbital angular momentum. The simple and cost-effective process and its tunability for the position of defect make the method useful in various applications such as advanced optical communication and quantum computation using tunable optical vortices.

Autonomics: An Autonomous and Intelligent Economic Platform and Next Generation Money Tool

We propose a high level network architecture for an economic system that integrates money, governance and reputation. We introduce a method for issuing, and redeeming a digital coin using a mechanism to create a sustainable global economy and a free market. To maintain a currency's value over time, and therefore be money proper, we claim it must be issued by the buyer and backed for value by the seller, exchanging the products of labour, in a free market. We also claim that a free market and sustainable economy cannot be maintained using economically arbitrary creation and allocation of money. Nakamoto, with Bitcoin, introduced a new technology called the cryptographic blockchain to operate a decentralised and distributed accounts ledger without the need for an untrusted third party. This blockchain technology creates and allocates new digital currency as a reward for "proof-of-work", to secure the network. However, no currency, digital or otherwise, has solved how to create and allocate money in an economically non-arbitrary way, or how to govern and trust a world-scale free enterprise money system. We propose an "Ontologically Networked Exchange" (ONE), with purpose as its highest order domain. Each purpose is defined in a contract, and the entire economy of contracts is structured in a unified ontology. We claim to secure the ONE network using economically non-arbitrary methodologies and economically incented human behaviour. Decisions influenced by reputation help to secure the network without an untrusted third party. The stack of contracts, organised in a unified ontology, functions as a super recursive algorithm, with individual use programming the algorithm, acting as the "oracle". The state of the algorithm becomes the "memory" of a scalable and trustable artificial intelligence (AI). This AI offers a new platform for what we call the "Autonomy-of-Things" (AoT).

Regionalism and the Middle-Belt Twist in the Outcome of Presidential Elections in Nigeria

The 1914 amalgamation of what is today known as the Northern and Southern Nigeria has been described by many as an arbitrary creation of the British. This has resulted in nothing other than fundamental dichotomy between the two amalgamated units. On October 1, 1960 however, the nation became independent and has since then struggled to balance power sharing between the majority Muslim-North and the majority Christian-South rather than focusing on having a purposeful and competent national leadership as well as effective political structure designed to give a national image rather than the regional sentiments. This paper therefore seeks to x-ray the relationship between ethnicity, regionalism and presidential elections as well as the crucial role the Middle-belt plays in the outcome of presidential elections in Nigeria. The paper concludes by highlighting the danger inherent in regional sentiments underlying the presidential electoral processes in Nigeria.

Colonial Origin of Post Colonial Conflicts in Nigeria: A Case Study of Some Selected Conflicts

Nigeria got her independence in October, 1st 1960. Soon after the Independence, the people of Nigeria began to witness series of conflicts of different nature, dimension and magnitude. Almost all parts of the country have experienced one form of conflict or another. This has pronged the nation into a serious security problem and needed to be addressed. The focus of this paper is to trace the origin of some of these conflicts especially as they are linked to the colonial administration and their policies. Such policies include the treaties they signed with Nigerian chiefs, Emirs and Obas as well as the creation of provinces and Divisions. The researcher is of the opinion that such treaties and arbitrary creation of divisions and provinces form part of the conflict causations in post colonial period. In carrying out this research, this writer will examine the various economic policies of the colonial Government to see how they led to post colonial conflicts. The research will adopt the normative theoretical framework in interpreting the conflict causations in the conflict areas. This theoretical framework believes in the power of idea and intuition in conflict analysis. Published document and Archival materials relating to the area of case study shall be consulted. Valuable unpublished works relevant to the area of case study shall also be utilized.

Dynamic creation of electrostatic fields

To illustrate the concept of the dynamic creation of static fields, the fields associated with the creation of a static point charge and a static point dipole between times t=0 and t=τ are calculated. For the former the field is that of a static charge in all space once t>τ. For the static point dipole the field pattern consists of three zones once t>τ: An expanding sphere of radius r=c(t−τ) in which the field is that of a static dipole, a shell defined by c(t−τ)<r<ct, containing both electric and magnetic intermediate and far field components, and the volume beyond the event horizon, r>ct, for which the fields vanish. Despite the fact that the electric field occupies an increasing volume in space with increasing time, the energy in the field is constant once the dipole has been created. This result is established explicitly for an arbitrary creation of the static dipole.

Beauty and the Beast: The construction of Italianness in A Room With A View and Where Angels Fear To Tread

This article focuses on the representation and function of Italianness in two British heritage films: A Room With A View (Ivory, 1985) and Where Angels Fear To Tread (Sturridge, 1991). In light of current debates on heritage cinema and on the filmic construction of national identities, the article argues that the films exploit their authoritative aura and privileged British positioning, to present a specifically stereotypical image of Italy. While the films' overt discourse celebrates Italy as seductive and life-enhancing, their subtexts validate the ultimate naturalness and desirability of the British subject; as an arbitrary creation, delimited by a fixed set of representations, this treatment of Italian Otherness is notable for its parallels with generic Western constructions of the Oriental. Confined to a restricted stock of identifications, Italianness emerges as an immutable foil to notions of Britishness, aiding the narratives' exploration of the possibilities and meanings of national self-definition.

Power and Weakness of the Utopian Imagination

Utopian literature is fascinating but impossible to summarize. Of course it is easy to see where its charm lies. We enjoy the “play” aspect of the Utopian convention, the common certainty— essential to both the author's intentions and the reader's pleasure—that we are dealing with a supposition described as a fact. In a Utopian text, we enjoy the power we have of imagining, and especially formulating, another overall framework for human experience—a framework which is specifically defined as being different and described as if it had concrete existence. This is the underlying attraction of a mode of expression which permits the author to talk of serious things in the protected and detached manner permitted by play. Why, then, are summaries of utopias so disappointing? Why does a re-transmitted utopia convey only the idea of an insipid world and an arbitrary creation? Why is it so hard to write about works of this type?

Number operators for representations of the canonical commutation relations

Anumber operator for a representation of the canonical commutation relations is defined as a self-adjoint operator satisfying an exponentiated form of the equationNa*=a*(N+I), wherea* is an arbitrary creation operator. WhenN exists it may be chosen to have spectrum {0, 1, 2, ...} (in a direct sum of Fock representations) or {0, ±1, ±2, ...} (otherwise). Examples are given of representations having number operators, and a necessary and sufficient condition is given for a direct-product representation to have a number operator.