Triton X-100 Aqueous Solution Research Articles

20-Substitution effect on self-aggregation of synthetic zinc bacteriochlorophyll-d analogs

Abstract Zinc methyl 20-substituted 3 1 -demethyl-bacteriopheophorbides- d were prepared through palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling of chlorophyll- a derivatives. The synthetic zinc 3 1 -hydroxy-13 1 -oxo-chlorins possessing a(n) (un)substituted ethynyl or butadiynyl group at the 20-position were good models for bacteriochlorophylls- c / d found solely in chlorosomes, the main light-harvesting antennas of green photosynthetic bacteria. Similarly as in natural chlorosomes, the synthetic models self-aggregated in an aqueous Triton X-100 solution to form large oligomers with red-shifted and broadened electronic absorption bands. While a phenyl group directly connected with the chlorin π-system at the 20-position disturbed the chlorosomal self-aggregation, the insertion of an ethynylene group between the two functional groups reduced the steric hindrance around the 20-position and was useful for the facile formation of the self-aggregates. A similar substitution effect was observed in the 20-ethynyl to butadiynyl moieties bearing a sterically bulky trimethylsilyl group at the terminal position.

Self-aggregation of synthetic zinc methyl 20-substituted 3-hydroxymethyl-pyropheophorbides as models of bacteriochlorophyll-c.

Zinc 3-hydroxymethyl-131-oxo-chlorins bearing a variety of primary alkyl groups at the 20-position were prepared as models of bacteriochlorophyll-c by chemical modification of naturally occurring chlorophyll-a. The synthetic chlorophyll-a derivatives self-aggregated in an aqueous Triton X-100 solution to afford large oligomers whose Soret and Qy bands were red-shifted and broadened, compared with the bands of their monomers in tetrahydrofuran. The oligomeric bands are similar to those of bacteriochlorophyll-c self-aggregates in chlorosomes, the main light-harvesting antennae of photosynthetic green bacteria. The 20-alkylation led to bathochromic shifts of the visible Soret maxima in J-type self-aggregates of the synthetic models, while elongation of the 20-alkyl group decreased the chlorosomal Qy maxima due to an increase in steric hindrance. Considering the light-harvesting and energy-transferring processes in a chlorosome, the 20-methylation in bacteriochlorophyll-c would be more suitable for efficient culturing of green bacteria than the 20-ethylation and propylation as well as the 20-unsubstitution in bacteriochlorophyll-d.

Composition of Surface Layer at the Water\u2013Air Interface and Micelles of Triton X-100\xa0+\xa0Rhamnolipid Mixtures

Measurements of the surface tensions, densities and viscosities of aqueous solutions of Triton X-100 (TX-100) and rhamnolipid (RL) mixtures, at constant concentration of RL or TX-100, were carried out. The measured values of the surface tension were compared to those determined using different theoretical models and on the basis of the surface tension of aqueous solutions of individual surfactants. From the surface tension isotherms, the Gibbs surface excess concentration of TX-100 and RL, the composition of surface layer and the standard Gibbs free energy of adsorption at the water–air interface were determined. Moreover, on the basis of surface tension, density and viscosity isotherms, the CMC of surfactants mixtures were evaluated. From the density isotherms, apparent and partial molar volumes of TX-100 and RL were also determined. These volumes were compared to those calculated from the sizes of TX-100 and RL molecules. There was observed a synergetic effect in the reduction of water surface tension and micelle formation, which was confirmed by the intermolecular interactions parameter. In the case of micelle formation, this effect was discussed based on the standard Gibbs free energy of micellization as well as of TX-100 and RL mixing in the micelles. The synergism of TX-100 and RL mixtures in the reduction of water surface tension and micelle formation was explained on the basis of electrostatic interactions between the hydrophilic part of TX-100 and RL molecules; this was supported by pH measurements.

Hexafluoroisopropanol-mediated cloud point extraction of organic pollutants in water with analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography.

A hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP)-mediated cloud point extraction (CPE) system was established. A small amount of HFIP (even 1%, v/v) can dramatically reduce the cloud point of Triton X-100 (TX-100) aqueous solution (even to 1°C) and make liquid-liquid two-phase separation (coacervate phase and aqueous phase) occur at room temperature over a wide range of TX-100 concentration (0.5∼10%, g/mL). HFIP-mediated coacervate phase has smaller volume (volume ratio is 1.8∼8.9% relative to the volume of the total solution with 1∼5% TX-100) and larger micelle aggregates (30∼80nm in diameter) compared to temperature-induced coacervate phase (volume ratio at 2.8∼14.0%, the diameter of micelle aggregates at 5∼30nm). HFIP-mediated CPE was coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV) for the extraction and detection of organic pollutants in water, namely, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), fluoroquinolones (FQs), and sulfonamides (SAs) with different polarities, charges, and hydrogen-bonding properties. HFIP-mediated CPE provides much higher extraction rates (ERs) and enrichment factors (EFs) for FQs (91∼106%, 50∼59), PAHs (63∼90%, 33∼49), and SAs (26∼55%, 16∼34) compared with the temperature-induced one (ERs: 4∼8% for FQs, 25∼46% for PAHs, and 4∼37% for SAs; EFs:1∼3 for FQs, 6∼12 for PAHs, and 8∼13 for SAs). The limit of detection ranges from 0.24 to 0.33ng/mL for FQs, 0.04 to 0.38ng/mL for PAHs, and 0.63 to 1.31ng/mL for SAs. The proposed method was applied in the analysis of real water samples, and the recovery of 79.4∼110.8% and the relative standard deviation of 0.2∼16.3% were achieved for the three types of pollutants. Graphical abstract Schematic illustration of HFIP-mediated cloud point extraction.

Direct Analysis of Metal Ions in Solutions with High Salt Concentrations by Total Reflection X-ray Fluorescence.

Total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF) is becoming more and more popular for elemental analysis in academia and industry. However, simplification of the procedures for analyzing samples with complex compositions and residual matrix effects is still needed. In this work, the effect of an inorganic (CaCl2) and an organic (tetraalkylphosphonium chloride) matrix on metals quantification by TXRF was investigated for liquid samples. The samples were spiked with up to 20 metals at concentrations ranging from 3 to 50 mg L-1 per element, including elements with spectral peaks near the peaks of the matrix elements or near the Raleigh and Compton scattering peaks of the X-ray source (molybdenum anode). The recovery rate (RR) and the relative standard deviation (RSD) were calculated to express the accuracy and the precision of the measured element concentrations. In samples with no matrix effects, good RRs are obtained regardless of the internal standard selected. However, in samples with moderate matrix content, the use of an optimum internal standard (OIS) at a concentration close to that of the analyte significantly improved the quantitative analysis. In samples with high concentrations of inorganic ions, using a Triton X-100 aqueous solution to dilute the sample during the internal standardization resulted in better RRs and lower RSDs compared to using only water. In samples with a high concentration of organic material, pure ethanol gave slightly better results than when a Triton X-100-ethanol solution was used for dilution. Compared to previous methods reported in the literature, the new sample-preparation method gave better accuracy, precision, and sensitivity for the elements tested. Sample dilution with an OIS and the surfactant Triton X-100 (inorganic media) or ethanol (organic media) is recommended for fast routine elemental determination in matrix containing samples, as it does not require special equipment, experimentally derived case-dependent mathematical corrections, or physicochemical removal of interfering elements.

KDP Aqueous Solution-in-Oil Microemulsion for Ultra-Precision Chemical-Mechanical Polishing of KDP Crystal.

A novel functional KH2PO4 (KDP) aqueous solution-in-oil (KDP aq/O) microemulsion system for KDP crystal ultra-precision chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP) was prepared. The system, which consisted of decanol, Triton X-100, and KH2PO4 aqueous solution, was available at room temperature. The functional KDP aq/O microemulsion system was systematically studied and applied as polishing solution to KDP CMP technology. In this study, a controlled deliquescent mechanism was proposed for KDP polishing with the KDP aq/O microemulsion. KDP aqueous solution, the chemical etchant in the polishing process, was caged into the micelles in the microemulsion, leading to a limitation of the reaction between the KDP crystal and KDP aqueous solution only if the microemulsion was deformed under the effect of the external force. Based on the interface reaction dynamics, KDP aqueous solutions with different concentrations (cKDP) were applied to replace water in the traditional water-in-oil (W/O) microemulsion. The practicability of the controlled deliquescent mechanism was proved by the decreasing material removal rate (MRR) with the increasing of the cKDP. As a result, the corrosion pits on the KDP surface were avoided to some degree. Moreover, the roughnesses of KDP with KDP aq/O microemulsion (cKDP was changed from 10 mM to 100 mM) as polishing solutions were smaller than that with the W/O microemulsion. The smallest surface root-mean-square roughness of 1.5 nm was obtained at a 30 mmol/L KDP aq solution, because of the most appropriate deliquescent rate and MRR.

Model study of biostability of DPPC layers deposited by LB/LS on Ti–6Al–4V alloy

This paper reports surface property research on bare Ti–6Al–4V alloy covered with 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC), which is the main component of cell membranes. The monolayer and bilayer of the phospholipid were deposited by the Langmuir–Blodgett (LB)/Langmuir–Schaefer (LS) technique, and their biostability was investigated in water, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), simulated body fluid (SBF) and 1% Triton X-100 aqueous solution at 37°C. Moreover, their biostability is compared with that of films prepared by spreading method. The surface free energy changes calculated by Lifshitz–van der Waals/acid–base and contact angle hysteresis measurement are consistent with the changes in surface roughness obtained by optical profilometry. The films prepared by both methods were relatively stable in water. PBS and SBF solutions caused large effects in the change in the layers’ polar component – that is, the electron donor parameter. Also, significant changes took place when Triton X-100 solution was applied, probably because of the DPPC film removal by the surfactant. Finally, it appeared that no drastic differences in the energy changes were observed between the DPPC layers dried overnight in a vacuum desiccator and those dipped into the SBF solution immediately after their deposition on Ti–6Al–4V alloy by the LB/LS method.

Effect of Triton X-100 on the stability of titania nanoparticles against agglomeration and sedimentation: A masked depletion interaction

The sedimentation half-times ts of suspensions of polydisperse titania particles in aqueous Triton X-100 (TX100) solutions with concentrations cTX100 ranging from 0.05 to 250mM were measured. Three regions of TX100 concentrations with different settling behavior were observed. In region A, or for cTX100 below its cmc (ca. 0.24mM in water at 25°C), the ts-values increase with increasing surfactant concentration. In region B, or for cmc≤cTX100<c**, where c** was determined to be 30mM experimentally, the ts-values do not vary with the surfactant concentration. In region C, or for cTX100≥c**, as cTX100 increases, the ts-values increase. In regions A and B, little or no viscosity effect on the sedimentation was observed. By contrast, in region C, the viscosity of the micellar solution increases with increasing cTX100 and accounts partially for the slower particle sedimentation rate. The surface densities of adsorbed TX100 molecules on the particle surfaces were measured to probe their effects on the steric interactions, which are responsible for the increase in the ts-values in region A. The maximum adsorbed densities on the particle surfaces, which are presumed to be hydrophilic, were found to be much smaller than those on other hydrophobic surfaces, as expected. Nonetheless, the adsorbed densities are high enough to induce strong steric interactions in region B, preventing the particles from agglomerating. In region C, the increase in viscosity slows down not only the particle sedimentation, but also the particle agglomeration, resulting in an apparently weaker micellar depletion effect. Our inference is that depletion-induced flocculation in region C is masked by the high solution viscosity. This inference is supported by several different lines of evidence. First, the once corrected half-times, tsI, which are the measured half-times divided by the relative viscosities, start to decrease at cTX100≅ 160mM, suggesting the formation of particle clusters, and reveals a micelle-induced depletion effect. The twice corrected half-times, tsII, which are tsI divided by the viscosity of the solution to account for the effect of viscosity on the agglomeration rate, are consistent with these inferences. In addition, the DLS data support our inference that the clusters in region C are flocs, which can be de-agglomerated with some mild agitation. A recently published model of agglomeration and sedimentation (Yang et al., 2016) is used to fit the data for estimating the effective Fuchs-Smoluchowski stability ratio W for flocculation. W-values are inferred to be over 106 at cTX100<160mM, but only ca. 500–1000 at higher concentrations, supporting the hypothesis of a depletion-induced flocculation that is masked by the solution viscosity.

Visible and near-infrared spectra of chlorosomal zinc chlorin self-aggregates dependent on their peripheral substituents at the 8-position

Zinc complexes of 3-hydroxymethyl-131-oxo-chlorins possessing various π-conjugatable substituents at the 8-position were prepared by chemical modification of naturally occurring chlorophyll-a. The synthetic zinc chlorophyll-a derivatives self-aggregated in an aqueous Triton X-100 solution to give red-shifted and broadened electronic absorption bands compared with their monomeric species in tetrahydrofuran. Their self-assemblies in an aqueous micelle showed similar electronic absorption spectra to those of the main light-harvesting antennas in green photosynthetic bacteria. The self-aggregated species afforded largely bathochromically shifted Qy maxima to absorb near-infrared light.

Wettability prediction of such polymers as polyethylene and polytetrafluoroethylene by aqueous solutions of classical surfactants and biosurfactants

The measurements of the contact angle (θ) of aqueous solutions of rhamnolipid (RL), n-octyl-β-d-glucopyranoside (OGP), Triton X-100 (TX-100) and sodium dodecylsulfate (SDDS) on the polyethylene (PE) surface were carried out. The θ values on PE and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) were also determined theoretically by using the values of surface tension of polymers and the Lifshitz-van der Waals component of water surface tension. On the basis of θ values of surfactant solutions on PE the critical micelle concentration of RL, OGP, TX-100 and SDDS, critical surface tension of PE wetting (γC), Gibbs surface excess concentration of these surfactants at the PE-water interface, work of adhesion of surfactant solutions to PE, fraction of PE occupied by surfactant molecules and Gibbs standard free energy of surfactants adsorption at the PE-water interface were established. The γC of PE wetting from the relationship between the adhesion and surface tension of surfactant solutions and standard Gibbs free energy of adsorption from the Langmuir equation were determined. The standard Gibbs free energy of adsorption at the PE-water interface was compared to that at the water-air one. The good agreement between the measured and calculated θ values of RL, OGP, TX-100 and SDDS solutions on PTFE and PE was obtained.

Wetting and adsorption properties of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and Triton X-100 mixture with short-chain alcohol in polymer–solution–air system

Measurements of the contact angle of the aqueous solutions of Triton X-100 (TX-100) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) mixture with methanol or propanol on the polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and nylon-6 surfaces were made. On the basis of the obtained results, the Gibbs surface excess concentration of alcohol and TX-100 + CTAB mixture at the polymer–solution and polymer–air interfaces was calculated and compared to that at the solution–air one. The standard Gibbs free energy of alcohol adsorption was determined by different methods. For TX-100 and CTAB mixture, this energy was calculated using the values of critical micelle concentration (CMC) of that mixture, the surface tension and contact angle of aqueous solution of alcohol as well as the surface tension and contact angle of the aqueous solution of TX-100 and CTAB mixture with alcohol at CMC. The polymer–solution interfacial tension, the adhesion tension, and the adhesion work of the studied solutions to the polymer surface were also determined. From the obtained data, it results that the studied solutions can wet completely only the nylon-6 surface and that below alcohol critical aggregation concentration the adsorption of surfactants and alcohols at the polymer–water and water–air interfaces is similar for PTFE and different for nylon-6.

Adsorption and wetting properties of cationic, anionic and nonionic surfactants in the glass-aqueous solution of surfactant-air system

The measurements of the advancing contact angle for water, formamide, glycerol, diiodomethane and aqueous solutions of Triton X-100 (TX-100), Triton X-165 (TX-165), sodium decylsulfate (SDS), sodium dodecylsulfate (SDDS), hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and hexadecylpyridinium bromide (CPyB) on the glass surface were carried out. Using the values of the contact angle of these liquids and solutions, the glass surface free energy as well as its components and parameters were determined. This energy, its components and parameters were used for interpretation of the glass wettability by the surfactants solutions in the light of the surfactants adsorption in the three-phase systems and the adhesion of the solution to the glass surface. It appeared that the surface free energy of glass determined from the contact angle of aqueous solution of surfactants on its surface is useful for the determination of the Gibbs surface excess concentration of surfactant at the glass–air and glass–solution interfaces and consequently, the Gibbs standard free energy of surfactant adsorption at these interfaces. It also appeared that by using the Neumann et al. and van Oss et al. equations, it is possible to predict the work of adhesion of aqueous solution of surfactant to the glass surface.

Water-compatible halloysite-imprinted polymer by Pickering emulsion polymerization for the selective recognition of herbicides.

A water-compatible molecularly imprinted polymer was prepared by Pickering emulsion polymerization using halloysite nanotubes as stabilized solid particles. During polymerization, we used 4-vinylpyridine as monomer, divinylbenzene as cross-linking agent, toluene as porogen, 2,2-azobisisobutyronitrile as initiator, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid as template to form the oil phase, and Triton X-100 aqueous solution to form the water phase. The halloysite nanotubes molecularly imprinted polymer was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Kinetic and equilibrium bindings were also employed to evaluate the adsorption properties of the imprinted polymer. The imprinted polymer showed better selectivity, more rapid kinetic binding (60 min) for 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in pure water compared with rebinding in toluene. The imprinted polymer was used as a sorbent to enrich and separate 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid from water, and was detected by high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection.

Performance characteristics of surfactant treated commercial polyamide membrane in the nanofiltration of model solution of reactive yellow 160

Top surface modification of commercial PA-NF 150 membrane was carried out by dip-soaking the membrane swatches with predetermined concentration of aqueous solutions of sodium dodecyl sulphonate (SDS), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and Triton X-100 as anionic, cationic and non-ionic surfactants, respectively. The modified flat sheet membranes were used in the nanofiltration of the Reactive yellow 160 dye waste water in a pilot plant. AFM, FTIR-ATR, and water contact angle measurements were employed to characterize the prepared membranes. Addition of surfactants resulted in membranes with superior dye rejection in comparison to untreated membranes. The percent rejection of dye was in the vicinity of 95% for both CTAB and SDS treated membranes, however the results were different for Triton X-100. CTAB treated PA-NF membrane was observed to have marginally less extent of volumetric flux reduction with time compared to other two surfactant treated membranes. Substantial removal of color was achieved in the nanofiltration experiments with a marked reduction in COD and TDS. The process allowed the production of permeate stream with great reutilization possibilities.

Fixed-bed study and modeling of selective phenanthrene removal from surfactant solutions

Abstract Recovering and then recycling surfactant solution is required in the surfactant-enhanced remediation (SER) of contaminated sites and groundwater to reduce operating costs and prevent secondary contamination. In this study, fixed-beds with activated carbon were employed to selectively remove phenanthrene from Triton X-100 (TX100) aqueous solution as a potential model system for the recovery of surfactant solution in SER. The effects of various operating conditions such as flow rate, bed height, and influent phenanthrene concentration on the performance of the fixed beds were investigated. The sorption of TX100 in the fixed-bed can rapidly reach saturation, but the effluent concentrations of phenanthrene are much lower than its influent concentrations, even with a great volume of solution flowing through the columns. The total removal percentage of phenanthrene from effluent solution was greater than the sorption loss of TX100 under all experimental conditions. The corresponding selectivity parameters for phenanthrene removal versus surfactant sorption were all greater than 4.0, a selectivity value representing 80% phenanthrene removal and 80% surfactant retention. Moreover, better selectivity was obtained at a higher bed height and lower flow rate, but had little dependence on the influent phenanthrene concentration. The constant-pattern model and the apparent partition coefficient were applied successfully to describe and predict the breakthrough curves of TX100 and phenanthrene in fixed-bed columns. The results suggested that fixed-beds could be effectively used to recover surfactant solutions from the washing effluents in SER.

Physico-Chemical Studies of Glycine, L-Alanine, L-Phenylalanine and Glycylglycine in Aqueous Triton X-100 at Different Temperatures

Abstract The densities, ρ and viscosities, η of glycine (Gly), L-alanine (Ala), L-phenylalanine (Phe) and glycylglycine (Gly-Gly) in aqueous Triton X-100 (TX-100) solutions have been measured as a function of amino acid/peptide concentration at 298.15, 303.15, 308.15 and 313.15 K. The experimental data have been utilized to evaluate various thermodynamic parameters, viz., apparent molar volumes, V 2, partial molar volumes at infinite dilution, V 0 2, partial molar isobaric expansibilities, ϕ 0 2, partial molar volumes of transfer, Δ tr V 0 2 and A and B-coefficients of viscosity, respectively. The hydration numbers have also been calculated. The results have been discussed in terms of interactions taking place in the present systems. The structure-making/-breaking ability of the solute (amino acid/peptide) in the presence of surfactant, Triton X-100 has also been considered.

Application of differential spectra from two different environments in simultaneous quantification of new fuchsine, crystal violet and malachite green in the presence of unmodeled interferents using first order multivariate calibration method

This paper proposes the possibility of applying first order calibration methods for unknown sample(s) with unmodeled component(s) using the differential spectra obtained from subtracting of the absorbance spectra of sample that are recorded in two different environments. The main interest is that the method can be performed to quantify systems if the spectra of their unmodeled component(s) are the same in two different phases using first order calibration methods. The procedure demonstrates simultaneous determination of new fuchsine, crystal violet and malachite green in the presence of sunset yellow, tartarazine and amaranth as unmodeled interferences, whose spectra differ in aqueous and nonionic micellar solution of Triton X-100. The obtained satisfactory results indicate the successful applicability of the proposed method in complex samples.

Nematic director reorientation at solid and liquid interfaces under flow: SAXS studies in a microfluidic device.

In this work we investigate the interplay between flow and boundary condition effects on the orientation field of a thermotropic nematic liquid crystal under flow and confinement in a microfluidic device. Two types of experiments were performed using synchrotron small-angle X-ray-scattering (SAXS). In the first, a nematic liquid crystal flows through a square-channel cross section at varying flow rates, while the nematic director orientation projected onto the velocity/velocity gradient plane is measured using a 2D detector. At moderate-to-high flow rates, the nematic director is predominantly aligned in the flow direction, but with a small tilt angle of ∼±11° in the velocity gradient direction. The director tilt angle is constant throughout most of the channel width but switches sign when crossing the center of the channel, in agreement with the Ericksen–Leslie–Parodi (ELP) theory. At low flow rates, boundary conditions begin to dominate, and a flow profile resembling the escaped radial director configuration is observed, where the director is seen to vary more smoothly from the edges (with homeotropic alignment) to the center of the channel. In the second experiment, hydrodynamic focusing is employed to confine the nematic phase into a sheet of liquid sandwiched between two layers of Triton X-100 aqueous solutions. The average nematic director orientation shifts to some extent from the flow direction toward the liquid boundaries, although it remains unclear if one tilt angle is dominant through most of the nematic sheet (with abrupt jumps near the boundaries) or if the tilt angle varies smoothly between two extreme values (∼90 and 0°). The technique presented here could be applied to perform high-throughput measurements for assessing the influence of different surfactants on the orientation of nematic phases and may lead to further improvements in areas such as boundary lubrication and clarifying the nature of defect structures in LC displays.

Mutual influence of two nonionic surfactants mixture and propanol on their volumetric properties in aqueous solution

The mutual influence of propanol and two nonionic surfactant mixtures Triton X-100 (TX-100) and Triton X-165 (TX-165) on their behavior in aqueous solution was studied by the measurements of the surface tension, density and viscosity. The obtained results were used for the determination of both critical micelle concentration and propanol critical concentration of aggregation (CAC). It appeared that CAC only slightly depends on the surfactant mixture concentration, but CMC increases considerably at the propanol concentration close to CAC. However, over this concentration micelle formation of surfactant mixture was not observed. The values of CMC of surfactant mixture at a given propanol concentration were slightly lower than those determined in the aqueous solutions of TX-100 with propanol and TX-165 with propanol. The determined values of CAC and CMC were used for the standard Gibbs free energy of the propanol aggregation and surfactant mixture micellization calculation.

Microemulsion Extraction of Monascus Pigments from Nonionic Surfactant using High Polarity of Diethyl Ether as Excess Oil Phase

Stripping of organic compound from nonionic surfactant micelle aqueous solution is indispensable for many industrial processes. In this paper, a relatively high polarity diethyl ether was screened for forming Winsor I microemulsion, which was used for stripping of organic compound from nonionic surfactant. Setting up extractive fermentation of Monascus pigments in Triton X-100 aqueous solution as a model, cloud point extraction of Monascus pigments from fermentation broth, and back-extraction of Monascus pigments from the coacervate phase of cloud point system by Winsor I microemulsion were conducted. Monascus pigments were successfully separated from nonionic surfactant into the excess diethyl ether phase.