Aqueous Silver Nitrate Solution Research Articles

Potential protective efficacy of biogenic silver nanoparticles synthesised from earthworm extract in a septic mice model

Sepsis is an inevitable stage of bacterial invasion characterized by an uncontrolled inflammatory response resulting in a syndrome of multiorgan dysfunction. Most conventional antibiotics used to treat sepsis are efficacious, but they have undesirable side effects. The green synthesised Ag NPs were synthesized by 5 g of the earthworm extract dissolved in a volume of 500mL of distilled water and then added to 2,500 mL aqueous solution of 1mM silver nitrate at 40 °C. After 4 h, the mixture was then allowed to dry overnight at 60 °C. Later, Ag NPs were washed and collected. They were characterized by X-ray diffraction, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Sepsis model as induced by feces-intraperitoneal injection method. Eighteen male mice were assigned into three main groups: the control group, the sepsis-model group, and the Ag NPs-treated group. The control group received a single oral dose of distilled water and, after two days, intraperitoneally injected with 30% glycerol in phosphate buffer saline. The Sepsis-model group received a single oral dose of distilled water. Ag NPs - The treated group received a single oral dose of 5.5 mg/kg of Ag NPs. After two days, the sepsis-model group and Ag NPs-treated group were intraperitoneally injected with 200 µL of faecal slurry. Ag NPs treatment in septic mice significantly decreased liver enzyme activities, total protein, and serum albumin. Moreover, Ag NPs significantly enhanced kidney function, as indicated by a significant decrease in the levels of creatinine, urea, and uric acid. In addition, Ag NPs showed a powerful antioxidant effect via the considerable reduction of malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels and the increase in antioxidant content. The histopathological investigation showed clear improvement in hepatic and kidney architecture. Our findings demonstrate the protective efficacy of biogenic Ag NPs against sepsis-induced liver and kidney damage.

Influence of silver nanoparticles synthesized from Chaenomeles leaf extracts on pathogenic microorganisms Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Fusarium culmorum

Herein, we report for the first time the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using leaf extracts of Chaenomeles Lindl. (Rosaceae) plants and its spectral characteristics, as well as antifungal and antibacterial activity. Phytosynthesis of silver nanoparticles on the base of aqueous plant extracts and silver nitrate solution was carried out by an ecofriendly and cost-effective approach. UV-Vis spectroscopy was applied to validate the plant-mediated biosynthesis of AgNPs colloidal solutions by the Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) bands in the region of 450–500 nm, characteristic of polycrystalline silver nanoparticles. Scanning microscopy (SEM) revealed a wide variation in range 5–58 nm and a close to spherical shape of plant-derived AgNPs. Raman scattering spectroscopy revealed the suitability of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles as the substrates for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy with the highest efficiency of AgNPs, biosynthesized from leaf extract of Ch. × superba, which enhanced the Rhodamine 6G dye applied at a concentration of 10–7 M. Assay of antifungal activity performed by well diffusion method revealed the dose-dependent effect of all AgNPs against the phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium culmorum. The most effective AgNPs (Ch. speciosa-AgNPs, Ch. cathayensis-AgNPs, and Ch. japonica-AgNPs) achieved a 1.42–1.63 times greater zone of inhibition of the F. culmorum colonies’ growth compared to the corresponding doses of the known chemical fungicide "Quadris". Micro preparations of the zones of incomplete growth inhibition presented changes in the mycelium morphology of F. culmorum due to the action of nanoparticles, such as deformation (curvature, expansion), and a decrease in the hyphae length and density compared to the control sample. Disc-diffusion assay showed notable species-specific antibacterial activity of AgNPs both against Gram-negative (Klebsiella pneumoniae) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) strains. Summarizing, the results indicate the undeniable suitability of aqueous leaf extracts of the genus Chaenomeles species for the successful biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles with many useful properties, whose diverse applications require further research.

Physicochemical and Toxicological Screening of Silver Nanoparticle Biosynthesis from Punica granatum Peel Extract

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were successfully synthesized via the biological route using a 1 M silver nitrate (AgNO3) aqueous solution and an ethanolic peel extract of Punica granatum (Pg), at 60 °C. The physicochemical analysis revealed the formation of green synthesized Pg-AgNPs with a semi-spherical shape, non-uniformly distributed, and a particle size distribution between 5 and 100 nm. As regards the preliminary in vitro toxicological screening, the green synthesized Pg-AgNPs did not significantly affect the neonatal BALB/c epidermal cells’ viability (JB6 Cl 41-5a) at lower concentrations and did not produce visible changes in the morphology of the JB6 Cl 41-5a cells. In contrast, at higher concentrations (>50 μg/mL), the green Pg-AgNPs exhibited an important decrease in cell viability and confluency. In addition, the impact of Pg-AgNPs on cell membrane integrity suggests a potential cytotoxic effect. Contrary to the in vitro assays, after the evaluation of the anti-irritant effect in ovo, the lower concentration of Pg-AgNPs (10 μg/mL) produced hemorrhage and lysis when applied to the chorioallantoic membrane, while at 50 μg/mL, only slight coagulation was observed. Therefore, regarding the in ovo toxicological screening, the higher concentration of the Pg-AgNPs exhibited a better safety profile compared to the lower concentration, as indicated by the irritation score.

Exploitation of mangliculous marine fungi, Amarenographium solium, for the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their activity against multiple drug-resistant bacteria

Abstract The green synthesis pathway for silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) used in bacterial treatment is regarded as crucial because of its cost-effectiveness, nontoxicity, and eco-friendliness. During the present work, the mangliculous marine fungi Amarenographium solium isolated from the Arabian Gulf Coast of Saudi Arabia were utilized for the synthesis of AgNP, through the bio-reduction of aqueous silver nitrate (AgNO3) solution. The success in AgNP synthesis was visually identified by the development of dark brown color in the cell-free filtrate and was further confirmed by ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, which showed a peak at 425 nm. The AgNPs produced were further characterized using X-ray diffraction data analysis that proved the bioreduction of silver to 20 nm, and transmission electron microscopy revealed the formation of well-dispersed spherical nanoparticles with an average mean size of 12 nm. The optimization reaction parameters of temperature, pH, and metal salt concentration were carried out and resulted in a combination of 30°C, 7 and 1.5 mM, respectively, for rapid and maximum yield production. The antibacterial activity of the produced nanoparticles was evaluated using the two-fold microdilution method and showed a minimum inhibitory concentration of 9.375 μg/mL of AgNP against multiple drug-resistant bacterial strains.

Phytochemical Profiling, Green Synthesis, and Bioactivity Evaluation of Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) Synthesized from Ipomoea laxiflora Extract

This study focuses on the eco-friendly production of silver nanoparticles using leaf extract from Ipomoea laxiflora and assesses their antioxidant and hemolytic effects. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the synthesis of silver nanoparticles using this species. Green synthesis offers immense potential in both medical and environmental fields, aiming to utilize less hazardous chemicals. Plant-based synthesis, in particular, is considered safe and effective due to the presence of reducing and capping agents within plant extracts. Ipomoea laxiflora H.J. Chowdhery & Debta, belonging to the Convolvulaceae family, is an annual climber native to Tropical Africa and India. It has been traditionally used to treat fever, headaches, and stomach aches. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, phenols, tannins, terpenoids, steroids, glycosides, and cardio glycosides. Quantification of phytochemical contents, including total phenolic, flavonoid, and proanthocyanin content, was also performed. FT-IR spectroscopic analysis indicated characteristic peak values of major functional groups such as alkene, alkane, and carbonyl. Silver nanoparticles were synthesized by adding 10 mL of methanolic leaf extract to 90 mL of 1 mM aqueous silver nitrate solution, followed by heating at 80 degrees Celsius for three hours with continuous stirring. The change in color from yellow to dark brown confirmed the formation of silver nanoparticles. The antioxidant activity, determined by DPPH radical scavenging assay, showed 94% scavenging activity for methanolic extract compared to 98% for ascorbic acid. Higher concentrations exhibited increased scavenging activity. Total antioxidant activity ranged from 60% to 89% in hexane and methanol extracts, with methanol showing the highest concentration. Hemolytic activity was observed between concentrations of 10 to 100 µg/ml, with a hemolysis rate of 2.751% at a concentration of 100 µg/mL. The development of green nanoparticles using natural sources like Ipomoea laxiflora holds significant importance for environmental sustainability, health benefits, diverse biomedical applications, resource efficiency, and cost-effectiveness. Embracing such green approaches not only advances nanotechnology but also aligns with broader goals of promoting sustainable development.

Na+ detection via brightening of synergistically originated noble metal nanoclusters.

Weakly fluorescent AuAg nanoclusters were obtained from glutathione, chloroauric acid, and silver nitrate aqueous solution under a modified hydrothermal method. Such glutathione-capped synergistically evolved clusters were obtained for the first time by employing our experimental conditions. Such weak fluorescence was made significantly brighter by employing Na+ and a Na+ sensor was obtained with a linear detection range of 10-5-5 × 10-9 M, while the limit of detection was 1.02 × 10-6 M. Na+ made the GSH matrix positively charged to stabilize AuAg clusters resulting in strong emissive properties. Furthermore, the effect of solvents, sunlight exposure, and temperature was gauged. Estimation of Na+ concentration was undertaken for natural water samples to demonstrate the practical utility of the designed nanosensor.

Silver-Matrix Composite with Fullerene Soot Nanoparticles Produced by Electrodeposition

The presented work demonstrates the capability of obtaining composite powder, silver-fullerene soot, by the electrolytic deposition of silver from an aqueous solution of silver nitrate. The morphology of particles was studied as a function of fullerene soot concentration and current density. The microstructure of compact materials obtained by hot pressing was investigated. The hardness of the compact material increased up to 30% and the same corrosion properties relative to pure silver were obtained using a similar technology.

Antibacterial Activity of Green Synthesized Eugenia jambolana Seeds Extract Mediated Silver Nanoparticles

The present study uses silver nanoparticles that are biosynthesized from Eugenia jambolana aqueous silver nitrate solution jambolana fresh seed extracts were combined with silver nitrate (AgNO3) to form the silver nanoparticle. UV-Vis Spectrophotometry, XRD, SEM, and FTIR were used to characterise the synthesised silver nanoparticles. It was established that nanoparticles had formed in the sample by SEM examination, which revealed that they had a spherical shape. Nanoparticles from seed extracts showed more antibacterial activity on Pseudomonas aeruginosa followed by Bacillus subtilis, Vibrio cholerae, and Staphylococcus aureus. This study makes evidence that seed extracts of Eugenia jambolana act as an excellent capping agent for the formation of silver nanoparticles and show immense Pharmacological activities. Hence, these AgNPs can be used as an antimicrobial agent in treating many medical complications. In this present study, the antibacterial activity of green synthesized silver nanoparticles from Eugenia jambolana seeds shows the zone of inhibition against all four pathogens.

In Vitro Activity of Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles via Thymus Vulgaris Extract against Leishmania major.

We aimed to assess the in vitro effects of the green synthesized silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) via Thymus vulgaris (thyme) against Leishmania major infection. We have prepared T. vulgalis silver nanoparticles (TSNPs) by adding thyme extract to the silver nitrate aqueous solution (0.2 mM), and evaluated their antileishmanial activity. The viability of L. major promastigotes was assessed in the presence of various concentrations of TSNPs by direct counting after 24 h. The MTT assay was used to identify the viability of promastigotes. The same procedures were assessed in uninfected macrophage cells. The apoptotic effects of nanoparticles on L. major promastigotes were determined by flow cytometry assay using annexin staining. To evaluate anti-amastigotes activity of TSNPs, light microscopic observation was used to determine the number of parasites within the macrophages in each well. The effect of TSNPs on promastigotes and amastigotes of L. major was effective and had a reverse relationship with its concentration. TSNPs, inhibited the growth rate of L. major amastigotes and, the IC50 value of these nanoparticles was estimated 3.02 μg/mL (28 μM) after 72h. The results of flow cytometry showed that the toxic effects of TSNPs on promastigotes after 24 hours were statistically significant (P<0.05) and showed 69.51% of apoptosis. TSNPs had an inhibitor effect on promastigote and amastigote forms of L. major in vitro. It might be considered as a candidate for the treatment of this infection.

Laser Ablation of a Titanium Target in an Aqueous Solution of Silver Nitrate

Laser Ablation of a Titanium Target in an Aqueous Solution of Silver Nitrate

Green synthesized silver nanoparticles using the plant-based reducing agent Matricaria chamomilla induce cell death in colorectal cancer cells.

There is a need to treat cancer cells with safe and natural nanoparticles to avoid the side effects of chemotherapeutic agents. Chamomile is considered a safe, natural plant with anticancer activity. We synthesize simple, inexpensive, and eco-friendly silver nanoparticles (SNs) using Chamomile (CHM) to tune their anticancer properties. SN-CHM was synthesized by reducing 1 mM silver nitrate aqueous solution in 100 mL with the aqueous ethanolic flower extract of CHM (18 mg/mL, w/v). The reaction proceeded overnight at 600 rpm and 28°C. SN-CHM was characterized for their % yield, average diameter, charge, morphology, and silver release. Moreover, SN-CHM was investigated for its antioxidant and anticancer activities at 200 µg/mL and 5 mg/ mL, respectively. A 59.12% yield and a uniform SN-CHM size of 115 ± 3.1 nm with a ζ-potential of -27.67 ± (-3.92) mv were observed. The UV-visible absorption showed shifts from 379.5 to 383.5 nm for CHM and SN-CHM, respectively. Moreover, Ag+ was ultimately released from SN-CHM after 5 h. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) showed characteristic absorption peaks of CHM and produced SN-CHM. Furthermore, SN-CHM showed moderate antioxidant activity. SN-CHM inhibited the % viability of SW620 and HT-29 cell lines at 20 μM. SN-CHM may also greatly upregulate the apoptotic gene BAX while considerably downregulating the anti-apoptotic genes BCL2 and BCL-Xl. CHM can be a safe soft drink, especially when conjugated with Ag ions as anticancer NPs. SN-CHM is considered potent anticancer activity against SW620, and HT-29 cell lines.

Enhancing photocatalytic performance of regular porous silver bromide structures through 3D printing

This study introduces the innovative method of in-situ precipitation (ISP) 3D printing technology for fabricating photocatalyst structures capable of efficiently degrading water pollutants. The technology involves using silver nitrate aqueous solution to print directly on the surface of solidified NaBr aqueous solution, resulting in the formation of regular porous silver bromide structures. The structures are then densified through drying and sintering, followed by photoreduction using ultraviolet radiation to create Ag@(silver atom cluster)AgBr photocatalyst structures. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of this photocatalyst structure in degrading azo dyes (Orange II) and eliminating Escherichia coli (E. coli) under visible light and ultraviolet light irradiation. The degradation of azo dyes and the sterilization of E. coli follow first-order kinetic reactions, with the photocatalyst module maintaining an 84.8% degradation rate after five recycling cycles. Complete elimination E. coli of the photocatalytic module is achieved within 120 min, and its sterilization effect follows a hyperbolic reaction. The study further confirms the durability and reusability of the photocatalyst structure, highlighting ISP 3D printing technology as a promising approach for fabricating efficient photocatalyst structures to address water pollution challenges in water treatment and environmental protection.

Green Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Silver Nanoparticles Obtained from Moringa oleifera Seed Cake

In the present work, we report a simple, cost-efficient, and eco-friendly green method to synthesize silver nanoparticles with antimicrobial activity. An ethanolic extract from Moringa oleifera seed residue was used as a reducing and stabilizing agent in an aqueous solution of silver nitrate. The synthesized silver nanoparticles’ hydrodynamic radius, polydispersity index, and zeta-potential were evaluated by Dynamic Light Scattering. Scanning Electron Microscopy was employed to confirm the size and morphology of the nanoparticles. Synthesis of spherical particles with 127 ± 24 nm was confirmed. After sintering, the product of the synthesis was analyzed by X-ray diffraction. The X-ray diffraction pattern attributed to reflections of the (111), (200), (220), and (311) planes, which are characteristic of silver nanoparticles, confirms the successful synthesis of crystalline face-centered cubic nanoparticles. The antimicrobial activity of the bionanoparticles was tested against Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) cells and compared with the effect of a Moringa oleifera seed cake extract. Herein, we show that the growth of Escherichia coli is significantly affected by the addition of the synthesized bionanoparticles. Addition of the bionanoparticles inhibited the growth and lengthened the lag phase of the bacterial culture.

Synthesis of Nano silver Using Zinc and Copper as Reducing Agents

New method to prepare silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) from reduces aqueous solutions of silver nitrate and a mixture of (i) Zinc (ii) Copper as reducing agents and guar gum as a stabilizer. At different temperature and pH=8. UV-Vis spectroscopy, zeta potential analysis, X-Ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) describe the structure and stability of Ag-NPs. According to SEM result, the particles have spherical shape with particle size 50±30 nm. The UV-Vis spectra of the result solution of Ag-NPs show an absorption peak at 429 nm and 440 nm for Zinc and Copper respectively. Nano silver showed stability for long periods of time to more than nine months.

Antibacterial and anticancer activities of green-synthesized silver nanoparticles using Photinia glabra fruit extract.

Aims: We prepared Photinia glabra (PG) aqueous fruit extract, utilized it to synthesize silver nanoparticles (PG-Ag NPs) and evaluated theantibacterial and anticancer activities of the nanoparticles (NPs). Materials & methods: Silver nitrate aqueous solution was reduced to PG-Ag NPs usingaqueous PGfruit extract. NP shape, size, composition and functionalization were determined using transmission electron microscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infraredand x-ray diffraction. Results & conclusions: PG-Ag NPs were spherical, approximately39-77 nm-sized, functionalized surfaces with notable antibacterial activity against both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, with anMIC <30ug/ml and cytotoxicity toward esophageal cancer cells, with IC50 values less than20ug/ml. PG-Ag@rt NPs have been shown to bea potent antibacterial and anticancer agent, and their enriched particle surfaces can be conjugated with other compounds for multibiomedical applications.

Synergistic Effect of Silver-Based Ionic Liquid for Ethylene/Ethane Separation

Separation of ethylene (C2H4) and ethane (C2H6) is one of the most significant processes in the petrochemical industry. In terms of industrial application, silver nitrate aqueous solution is the most widely used absorbent, but the activity of Ag+ and the absorption of C2H4 are not optimistic. Thus, it is urgent to explore new technologies for efficient separation of C2H4 and C2H6. In this work, several silver-based ionic liquid (Ag-IL) solutions are prepared with ionic liquids (ILs), silver salts, and ethylene glycol (EG). Pure and mixed gas absorption experiments were conducted to explore the effects of various anions and cations of ILs, the molar ratio of IL to silver salt, the EG proportion on absorption performance, and recycling of absorbents. Due to the synergy between ILs, EG, and Ag+, the absorption of C2H4 in [Emim][BF4]/AgBF4/EG (2:1:0.1) is up to 101.75 mg/g (2.17 mol C2H4/mol Ag+), which is the highest value of IL absorbents reported so far, and the highest selectivity is 37.8. Furthermore, the cyclic stability kept constant after five cycles of absorption–desorption. The interaction mechanism of Ag-ILs was studied by NMR and FTIR spectroscopies. ILs and EG synergistically weaken the electrostatic effect between the anion and cation of AgBF4 and increase the amount of active silver to enhance the absorption of C2H4. These task-specific Ag-ILs are expected to be a new medium with commercial potential for C2H4/C2H6 separation.

Green synthesis, characterization, and biological evaluation of gold and silver nanoparticles using Mentha spicata essential oil

Green synthesis of bioactive nanoparticles (NPs) is getting more attractive in various fields of science including the food industry. This study investigates the green synthesizing and characterization of gold NPs (AuNPs) and silver NPs (AgNPs) produced using Mentha spicata L. (M. spicata) essential oil as well as their antibacterial, antioxidant, and in vitro cytotoxic effects. The essential oil was mixed with both Chloroauric acid (HAuCl4) and aqueous silver nitrate (AgNO3) solutions separately and incubated at room temperature for 24 h. The chemical composition of the essential oil was identified by gas chromatography coupled with a mass spectrometer detector (GC–MS). Au and Ag nanoparticles were characterized using UV–Vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The cytotoxicity of both types of nanoparticles was evaluated using MTT assay on cancerous HEPG-2cell line by exposing them to various concentrations of both NPs for 24 h. The antimicrobial effect was evaluated by the well-diffusion technique. The antioxidant effect was determined by DPPH and ABTS tests. According to the results of GC–MS analysis, 18 components were identified, including carvone (78.76%) and limonene (11.50%). UV–visible spectroscopy showed a strong absorption peak of 563 nm and 485 nm, indicating the formation of Au NPs and Ag NPs, respectively. TEM and DLS demonstrated that AuNPs and AgNPs were predominantly spherical shaped with average sizes of 19.61 nm and 24 nm, respectively. FTIR analysis showed that biologically active compounds such as monoterpenes could assist in the formation and stabilization of both types of NPs. Additionally, XRD provided more accurate results, revealing a nano-metal structure. Silver nanoparticles exhibited better antimicrobial activity against the bacteria than AuNPs. Zones of inhibition ranging 9.0–16.0 mm were recorded for the AgNPs, while zones of 8.0–10.33 mm were observed AuNPs. In the ABTS assay, the AuNPs and AgNPs showed a dose-dependent activity and synthesized nanoparticles exhibited higher antioxidant activity than MSEO in both assays. Mentha spicata essential oil can be successfully used for the green production of Au NPs and Ag NPs. Both green synthesized NPs show antibacterial, antioxidant, and in vitro cytotoxic activity.

Synthesis, characterization and biological studies of coordination compounds of silver complex of succinic acid

The biostimulant complex with fungicidal action based on the silver with succinic acid were synthesized. UV spectroscopy has established the optimum ratio of 1:1 (vol.) at the concentrations of aqueous solutions of silver nitrate and succinic acid 1*10−3 mol/L and pH, equal to 4,75. Using IR and XRD analyzes, it was revealed that the silver atom is equally bonded by two oxygen atoms of the carboxyl groups of succinic acid, as well as the bidentate coordination of each carboxyl group with two ions Ag(I). The obtained single-crystal complex has the chemical formula Ag2C12H6O4 and is characterized by a monoclinic crystal lattice. Both fungicidal and biostimulating effects of the synthesized (SA/Ag) complex have been established.

Hydrothermal Synthesis of Silver Sulfide

Silver sulfide powders with submicro- and micrometer particle sizes have been synthesized by the hydrothermal method at temperatures from 373 to 453 K in aqueous and alcoholic solutions of silver nitrate, sodium sulfide and citrate, sulfur, and thiocarbamide. The crystal structures of the synthesized powders, morphology, composition, and particle size of silver sulfide have been analyzed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, and gas adsorption. The powder particles have a similar morphology in the form of rectangular parallelepipeds and cubes with smoothed edges; the size of the powder particles depends on the synthesis conditions and ranges from ~500 to 2000 nm.

Stability of Colloidal Silver Sulfide Solutions

Stable colloidal solutions of silver sulfide Ag2S quantum dots of various sizes were prepared by hydrochemical bath deposition from low-concentration aqueous solutions of silver nitrate, sodium sulfide, and sodium citrate. The Ag2S quantum dot sizes determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS) were 2–3 to 28–30 nm. The great negative values of the measured ζ-potentials of the colloidal solutions and the small changes in ζ-potential and quantum dot sizes upon the long-term storage of the solutions indicate their stability across time.