Management Of Aquatic Resources Research Articles

Identification of management thresholds of urban development in support of aquatic biodiversity conservation

Urbanization degrades stream ecosystems and causes loss of bodiversity. Using benthic macroinvertebrates as a surrogate for overall aquatic diversity, we conducted a series of analytical approaches to derive management thresholds of urban development designed to link ecological responses to the primary management goal of protecting aquatic diversity in streams within the Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area (USA). We were particularly interested in identifying urban thresholds that represent the early phases of biological impact to support cost-effect management and mitigation interventions. We used taxa-specific modeling approaches within a spatially-explicit framework to develop sensitive thresholds that anticipate and demark the onset of taxa loss and provide a foundation for investigating alternative mechanisms driving biological change. We identified an early-warning threshold of 1.5% urban development in the contributing watershed where 15% of the 107 taxa evaluated exhibited significant declines in abundance but prior to any evidence of extirpation, and an extirpation threshold of 6% urban development where nearly 3% of taxa are likely to be lost locally. These thresholds of urban development are substantially lower than response thresholds typically reported based upon traditional modeling approaches that rely on spatially-implicit summaries of land cover and univariate metrics or composite indices. An analysis of ecological and functional trait composition of taxa determined to be sensitive suggests that reduced storage of benthic organic matter caused by flashier hydrographs may be the primary mechanism driving biological changes observed at relatively low levels of urbanization. Although the extent to which stream communities respond to stressor gradients in a non-linear fashion continues to be debated, we show that threshold approaches can be applied in support of aquatic resource management irrespective of whether or not stress-response functions are non-linear.

The Use of Multisource Optical Sensors to Study Phytoplankton Spatio-Temporal Variation in a Shallow Turbid Lake

Lake water quality monitoring has the potential to be improved through integrating detailed spatial information from new generation remote sensing satellites with high frequency observations from in situ optical sensors (WISPstation). We applied this approach for Lake Trasimeno with the aim of increasing knowledge of phytoplankton dynamics at different temporal and spatial scales. High frequency chlorophyll-a data from the WISPstation was modeled using non-parametric multiplicative regression. The ‘day of year’ was the most important factor, reflecting the seasonal progression of a phytoplankton bloom from July to September. In addition, weather factors such as the east–west wind component were also significant in predicting phytoplankton seasonal and diurnal patterns. Sentinel 3-OLCI and Sentinel 2-MSI satellites delivered 42 images in 2018 that successfully mapped the spatial and seasonal change in chlorophyll-a. The potential influence of localized inflows in contributing to increased chlorophyll-a in mid-summer was visualized. The satellite data also allowed an estimation of quality status at a much finer scale than traditional manual methods. Good correspondence was found with manually collected field data but more significantly, the greatly increased spatial and temporal resolution provided by satellite and WISPstation sensors clearly offers an unprecedented resource in the research and management of aquatic resources.

Implementation of FishCORAL-PRSA Web-Based Information System for Asid Gulf Project

The Fisheries, Coastal Resources and Livelihood (FishCORAL) project of the Department of Agriculture – Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (DA-BFAR) aimed to address the alarming poverty incidence of the fishing communities and provide protection and conservation of coastal resources. This study developed and implemented a web-based information system designed to serve as repository of resources and socio-economic assessments for Asid Gulf. The study used Rational Unified Process (RUP) methodology which utilizes open libraries, application programming interface (APIs) and Geographical Information system (GIS) tools. Information gathered from field surveys and community validation through project components are the primary basis in designing the system components. The developed system provided a wide-range of information in the interest of the fisheries and aquatic resources management. Some of the features include the updated socio-economic profile, aquatic ecology and habitat assessments, baselines of the primary water quality parameters for marine waters, updated fisheries industry profile, and GIS maps of Asid gulf. Government agencies, local government units (LGUs), and partner institutions can use the information in terms of education, livelihood, agriculture and fisheries, health and crafting the coastal resource management plan. The implementation of the system is one of the government efforts to improve the governance capability through the development of internet-based technologies across all stakeholders and agencies for a more efficient operation which shall promote good governance and digital transformation to enhance the organization and intergovernmental coordination.

Value Chain Analysis of Pen Shell (Baloko) in the Province of Sorsogon, Philippines

Sorsogon Bay is home to the pen shell (Atrina pectinata), locally known as Baloko. This study was designed to assess the existing value chains of pen shell and identify areas for improvement. The sites covered were the municipalities along Sorsogon Bay in the province of Sorsogon, Philippines. It employed the tracer methodology where only the processors and fisherfolks connected to the traders were selected as respondents of the study. Primary data were gathered through semi-structured questionnaires. Secondary data were used to establish a good understanding of the pen shell industry in the areas of the study. Results show that the adductor muscle or tinga is a substitute for scallops, thus, an export product. The other parts of pen shell or rambit are also of high demand. The highest volume of pen shell catch occur during October to April during the northeast monsoon (amihan) and gradually decline from May to September during the southwest monsoon (habagat) months. The value chain maps reflect the whole meat and semi-processed value chains, the two distinct marketing practices traced in the pen shell industry. The actors in the two value chains are the fisherfolks, processors, traders, and exporters. The enablers are the fisherfolks’ organization, local government unit (LGU), Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR), City Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Management Council (CFARMC), microfinance institutions, Department of Trade and Industry (DTI), and Phil Export. There is uneven distribution of value added in both chains. More value is created and captured by the processors while the fisherfolks have negative gains. The value-added captured by the processors and traders are higher in semi-processed practice. There is the need to focus on the supply of pen shell, the effects of pollution of Sorsogon Bay, market information, technology to preserve the quality of products, industry association, and basic researches on pen shell under Sorsogon Bay condition.

Preface

Ladies and GentlemenThe SCESAP International Symposium hosted together by the Department of Aquatic Resources Management, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia - the first and the largest fisheries and marine sciences faculty in Indonesia, and The Society for Coastal Ecosystems Studies-Asia Pacific. The symposium, as part of the annual scientific meeting of The Society for Coastal Ecosystem Studies - Asia Pacific (SCESAP), is intended to catalyze research and information exchange among scientists, students or managers who concerned about marine and coastal environment in the Asia Pacific. It will provide opportunities for sharing experiences and information concerning research and development in diverse areas of coastal/marine science and technology.The symposium on the theme "Coastal Ecosystem and Biodiversity of Asia-Pacific: Achieving SDG-14" was held for five days on 12-16 August 2019 in Andi Hakim Nasoetion (AHN) Auditorium, IPB University. The symposium was attended by more than 180 participants in 95 abstracts from 10 countries, namely Indonesia, Japan, Myanmar, Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand, Singapore, India, Russia, and Germany. The symposium also has presented two keynote presentations, three special presentations, 55 oral presentations, and 40 poster presentations.List of Welcome Speech by Rector of IPB University, Conference Photographs, Sponsor or funding acknowledgements, List of Committees, List of Participants and Affiliations,Editorial Team are availble in the pdf.

Value Chain Analysis of Carpet Shell (Baduy) in the Province of Sorsogon, Philippines

The study was designed to assess the value chains of carpet shell and identify areas for improvement. The sites covered were the municipalities along Sorsogon Bay, in the province of Sorsogon, Philippines. It employed the tracer methodology. Only the traders and fisherfolks connected to the concessionaires and exporters were selected as respondents. Primary data were gathered through semi-structured questionnaires. Secondary data were used to establish a good understanding of the carpet shell industry. The highest volume of carpet shell catch occurred during December to April during the northeast monsoon (Amihan) and gradually declined from May to November during the southwest monsoon (Habagat) months. The Value Chain Maps reflected the fresh carpet for local market and for export market value chains, the two distinct marketing practices traced in the carpet shell industry. The actors in the two Value Chains are the fisherfolks, traders, concessionaires and exporters. The enablers are the fisherfolks’ organization, local government units (LGUs), Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR), City Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Management Council (CFARMC), and microfinance institutions. More value is created and captured by the traders while the fisherfolks have least gains. The value-added captured by the traders were higher in fresh carpet shells for the local market than the export market. The areas of improvement will provide solutions to the problems on the supply of carpet shell, pollution of Sorsogon Bay, market information, technology to preserve the quality of products, industry association, and basic researches on carpet shell under Sorsogon Bay condition.

Semiautomated Process for Enumeration of Fishes from Recreational‐Grade Side‐Scan Sonar Imagery

AbstractThe use of hydroacoustic techniques is increasing as scientists search for less invasive ways to monitor fish populations, and using recreational side‐scan sonar (SSS) imagery for monitoring has become more common in aquatic resource management over the last 15 years due in part to its low cost and user‐friendly interface. The time‐consuming nature of manually counting fish targets has limited the use of the data that is collected by these systems in research or management contexts. To reduce the time and effort that is required to enumerate acoustic targets that are presumed to be fish, we developed a semiautomated process that rapidly quantifies targets from recreational SSS imagery by using an open‐source image processing software. Perceived fish targets were enumerated using a set of macroinstructions that performed similarly to manual enumeration by three experienced assessors. This method reduced variation that arises from individual assessors and eliminated the prohibitive time constraints that are associated with manual processing. Herein, we describe how our semiautomated process could be used in fisheries management contexts after further research and development of sampling methods. Future research will focus on field validation, quantifying relative abundance, testing across a broader range of environmental conditions, and exploring other applications for fisheries management.

Flow regimes in coastal California steelhead trout streams: Spatiotemporal patterns in magnitude, duration and timing

AbstractThe magnitude, timing and duration of precipitation events can vary considerably across spatial and temporal scales. In lotic ecosystems, such differences in precipitation patterns can strongly influence water availability, which in turn affects the population dynamics of stream biota. Connectivity flow thresholds were developed for the movement of juvenile steelhead trout using hydraulic modelling for 37 coastal California streams. Spatial patterns in magnitude, and spatiotemporal patterns in duration and timing of flows meeting threshold levels were analysed using long‐term flow gaging data. Flow thresholds for the movement of juvenile steelhead through riffle sites varied from 0.06 (San Luisito Creek, Elder Creek) to 0.82 (Redwood Creek) cms (cubic meters per second). Flow thresholds increased positively with mean bankfull width, indicating that more water is required for fish movement in wider streams. Precipitation was a dominant driver of flow duration, with flows meeting thresholds longer in wetter regions of the state when compared with drier regions. On the rising limb of the hydrograph, the onset of meeting flow thresholds was influenced by stream width, with thresholds being met earlier in wider streams when compared with narrower streams. On the receding limb of the hydrograph, flow threshold timing was influenced by precipitation, with flows remaining above the threshold later in wetter regions when compared with drier regions. Based on these findings, we recommend that the management of aquatic resources for a broad range of objectives consider regional scales that account for local patterns in precipitation, channel form and prevailing water year conditions to accommodate California's wide spatiotemporal diversity of water availability.

Composition and abundance of Bivalves in the intertidal zone, Karang Papak Coastal, West Java, Indonesia: Based on lunar phase

This study aims to determine the types and abundance of Bivalves in the Intertidal Zone, Karang Papak Beach, West Java, Indonesia. This research was conducted in November 2018. The method of sampling used line transects (line transects) systematically using a 1 x 1 meter quadrant. All types of bivalves found in the quadrant are calculated and identified. The results showed that there were 2 types of bivalves found in the study sites, namely M. micropterus and M. arenaria. The calculation results of the abundance index value indicate that between stations have different values. Abundance based on the moon phase shows that the highest abundance in both species is found in the dark moon phase, this is related to environmental conditions such as the influence of light and the availability of food resources. This data can be used as additional information in determining the management of aquatic resources in that location.

Growth pattern and lenght-weight relationship of Rhyacichthys aspro, in The Cisadea River, West Java, Indonesia

During development, the organisms such as fish species generally increase in size (length, weight). Length-weight relationships or condition factor in R. aspro species were analyzed separately by sex and location. This study aims to determine the growth patterns and Length-weight relationships in the R. Aspro fish species that were captured in the Cisadea River, West Java, Indonesia. This research was conducted from June 2012 to February 2013. Fish sampling from the field was carried out for six months from June to November 2012. Sampling was carried out at the station that had been determined by Purposive Sampling which could represent the upstream, middle and downstream of the river. The parameters measured consisted of growth patterns and factors conditions for fish (Length-weight relationships). The data then analyzed using the Excell 2007 computer program and uses the FAO-ICLARM Stock Assessment Tool II (FISAT II) program. The results showed that the correlation coefficient (r) R. aspro showed a value of 0.90 for male fish and 0.78 for female fish. Based on different sexes, the fish growth pattern in all gender has a positive allomatic (b> 3). Based on location, the fish growth pattern has positive and negative alomatric patterns. There are differences in conditions both based on gender and location. The length-weight relationship R. aspro is allometric with condition factor values ranging from 0.16-2.05. As conclusion, the lenght-weight relationship of R. aspro is allometric with different condition factor. the The results of this study can be used as baseline data for the management of aquatic resources in these locations or other locations.

Implications of alcohol consumption of fishers in three major reservoirs of Sri Lanka on some aspects of reservoir fisheries management

A study was conducted to investigate the impact of alcohol consumption pattern of fishers on their socioeconomic status and involvement in fisheries management activities in Victoria, Sorabora and Ulhitiya reservoirs in Sri Lanka. ANOVA procedure (α=0.05) showed that fishers that consume alcohol rarely (<3 times/month) had significantly higher mean daily income (Rs. 1260.00) compared with daily drinkers (Rs. 841.00). Chi square analysis (α=0.05) showed that the negative association between living standard and alcohol consumption was significant only in Sorabora reservoir. In Sorabora and Ulhitiya, regular alcohol consumption had a significantly negative impact on amount of cash saved by the household. Smoking was significantly associated with alcohol consumption in all three reservoirs. Regular users of alcohol exhibited lower tendency to comply with regulations (e.g. boat registration) in Victoria and Ulhitiya. Holding positions in the fisheries organization, participation at trainings programmes, and attending monthly meetings regularly were significantly associated with alcohol consumption of fishers in Victoria. In Ulhitiya, fishers who voluntarily participated in Government operated raids were less prone to consume alcohol. This study revealed that associations between alcohol consumption of fishers and the socioeconomic and management aspects vary among the reservoirs indicating the need for reservoir specific aquatic resource management strategies.

Sustainable Water Resources Management: Issues and Principles of Water Governance in the Okavango Delta, Botswana

In the recent times, there is an increased awareness about the importance of water management as population growth, new technologies, increased food consumption, land use and economic activities, among others, continue to exacerbate competition among water users in their bid to access natural resources. Thus, water governance encompasses the allocation and management of aquatic resources within the context of a multilayered, competing demand for water resources. Employing a critical review of relevant literature and guided by the legal pluralism conceptual framework and situated within the Dublin water management principles, this article examines key principles and pertinent issues in sustainable water resources management in the Okavango Delta, Botswana; the delta is widely recognized as a wetland of international significance. Findings reveal that demographic and socio-economic factors such as age, education, religion, culture, gender and income play significant roles in household water management decision making. The results also show that although the water legislative environment in Botswana is characterized by outdated Water Acts, efforts and commitment from the government are underway to revise these Acts. This article argues that whilst water research scholars and policymakers continue to make advocacy for water governance at different levels, the local-level water governance needs to be accorded more priority in rural areas in Botswana.

Transboundary Hydro-Governance: From Conflict to Shared Management: Book Review. Written by Jacques Ganoulis and Jean Fried. Springer: Cham, Switzerland, 2018, 222 pages. ISBN 978-3-319-78624-7; eBook ISBN 978-3-319-78625-4

This book came as a support of the UNESCO International Hydrological Programme (IHP) activities on the International Shared Aquifer Resources Management (ISARM) project launched in the year 2000, with the goal of developing wise practices and guidance tools for the shared management of groundwater resources and to contribute to the multifaceted efforts required for global water cooperation [...]

Development Learning Models of Fish Stock Assessment Technique Subjects based E-Learning at Aquatic Resources Technology Management Program Study at the Jakarta Fisheries High School

The aim of the study in general is to develop a learning model fish stock assessment techniques based e-learning to meet competencies for program Students study of Aquatic Resources Management Technology in the Jakarta Fisheries University. This research uses research and development methods. Result of study: In the field trial, the value obtained from the results of the post-test is higher than the value of the Pre-test, the average value of the results of the pre-test 62 and the post-test average value of 86.79, so there is an increase of 24 , 79 points, the rate of increase is very significant, meaning that this figure shows that the model developed can improve student learning achievement in the Study Program of Aquatic Resources Management Technology. While the average percentage value obtained from field trials is 88.88%, this number is higher than the learning objectives specified in the specific instructional objectives of 80%..

Transitional Moments, Mediators, and Alternative Modernities

Transitional Moments, Mediators, and Alternative Modernities

Freshwater Sponges (Porifera: Spongillida) of Tennessee

Freshwater sponges (Porifera: Spongillida) are an understudied fauna. Many U.S. state and federal conservation agencies lack fundamental information such as species lists and distribution data. Such information is necessary for management of aquatic resources and maintaining biotic diversity. During the months of June, July, and August of 2013, 2014 and 2015 a survey was conducted in Tennessee to document species of freshwater sponges and obtain preliminary distribution data. Selected rivers and streams were sampled at two to five sites. A total of 520 sponge samples were collected. Spicules and gemmules were viewed and photographed using Scanning Electron Microscopy. Thirteen or 39% of the known species of freshwater sponges occurring in the North America have been collected from Tennessee's rivers and streams. Eunapius fragilis, Spongilla lacustris, and Trochospongilla horrida were the most abundant and widely distributed species. Corvospongilla becki and Heteromeyenia latitenta were the least frequently encountered sponges.

Population recovery, seasonal site fidelity, and daily activity of pirarucu (Arapaima spp.) in an Amazonian floodplain mosaic

Abstract Pirarucu (Arapaima spp.) are the world's largest scaled freshwater fish, reaching 3 m in length and &gt;200 kg in weight. Historical overfishing has devastated populations of this remarkable fish across Amazonian floodplains, but community‐based management programmes are now stimulating the recovery of wild populations. Pirarucu have evolved a unique set of life history traits, some of which have important implications for population management. Individuals exhibit lateral annual migration patterns during the prolonged annual flood pulse, entering flooded forests to reproduce and forage. During this period, although managed fish stocks become less monopolisable by local communities responsible for managing protected lakes, pirarucu can occupy and reproduce in new environments and thus potentially contribute to population recovery. Here, we show a strong pattern of pirarucu (Arapaima cf. gigas) population recovery under community‐based management in an area along the Juruá River, in western Brazilian Amazonia. We show evidence of population recovery even outside formal protected areas, reinforcing the suitability of pirarucu community‐based management as a powerful tool for both biodiversity conservation and the improvement of local livelihoods. We also show pirarucu movements across a floodplain mosaic—including lakes, the main river channel, tributary streams, and flooded forests—during the wet season. Our results support evidence of site fidelity among migrating pirarucu, justifying the high effort invested by local communities in seasonally protecting lakes from poachers and illegal fishers. Finally, restricted daily movement patterns by pirarucu support the suitability of population estimates based on day‐time counts because the chance of double counting is substantially reduced during the day when these counts are conducted. We highlight the strong suitability of this species for community‐based management, since they can: (1) replenish new environments during the wet season through migration and possibly also reproduction; and (2) be efficiently harvested during the dry season, delivering social and ecological benefits at large spatial scales. Positive examples of fisheries management, which align biodiversity conservation and social development, are important for building optimism, and influencing local and international stakeholders. Our study shows how engaging and empowering local communities to help monitor the movement ecology of target species can be an effective strategy to support the sustainable management of aquatic resources in tropical environments.

Total phosphorus analyses: is the convenience of automated inline-UV digestion robust enough for freshwater nutrient monitoring?

Child AW, Moore BC. 2019. Total phosphorus analyses: is the convenience of automated inline-UV digestion robust enough for freshwater nutrient monitoring? Lake Reserve Manage. 35:140–147Phosphorus (P) is an essential and often growth-limiting nutrient in aquatic ecosystems. Excessive P in aquatic ecosystems can result in accelerated eutrophication and is a prime cause of “impaired” water quality listing under the Clean Water Act. Total phosphorus (TP) is a commonly used metric for predicting productivity and assessing nutrient enrichment in aquatic ecosystems. Accurate and precise TP data are essential for aquatic resource managers and scientists. Inline-ultraviolet (inline-UV) and persulfate digestions are both approved methods for estimating TP within water samples, and literature on their relative digestion efficiencies is available. However, the available literature to date has only evaluated relatively high TP concentrations, >90 µg P/L, considerably higher than critical trophic concentrations for natural lakes and streams. We compared inline-UV digestion with the more common autoclave persulfate digestion, analyzing TP from 32 freshwater sites in northern Idaho and eastern Washington. Sites were chosen to represent common ranges of TP (5 to 350 µg P/L) found in surface waters throughout the world. Both digestions performed adequately on third-party reference materials used for laboratory accreditation requirements. The linear model comparing logarithmic transformations of TP estimates from both digestion methods were correlated (p < 0.001, R2 = 0.8110), and suggested inline-UV digestion may not accurately estimate low-level TP concentrations in natural waters. Our results indicate that inline-UV digestion results are overall not comparable to autoclave digestion (absolute mean difference 16 µg/L or 22%, p < 0.001); lake managers should be aware that TP method selection can significantly alter data interpretation for nutrient monitoring plans.

Traditional Utilization of Aquatic Resources in Eastern Arc Catchments of Tanzania

Aquatic resources are vital for human well-being particularly to rural communities that largely depend onthem for livelihood. Currently, it appears that pressure from human activities related to utilization has impacted negatively on catchment management, particularly of the aquatic resources. This study focuses on the aquatic resources found in the Eastern Arc Catchments of Tanzania which include Upper Zigi and Lower Mngeta. The study employs catchment community participatory mapping approach so as to elucidate how man interacts with and modifies the aquatic environment, the impacts of their behavior, and the responses to changes which occur. The aim of the research is to realize a more comprehensive understanding of water resource management from a cultural, social, economic, political, and biological perspective and facilitate sustainable socio-hydrological interaction model. The study found that there are some similarities and differences in aquatic resources management and utilization among communities. Also, it established that there are more aquatic resources in Lower Mngeta catchment than in Upper Zigi catchment. The study found out that the manner of utilization of aquatic resources depends on their availability, levels of skills, knowledge, and beliefs among members of the communities of the catchments. It was also found that the traditional cultural structures that regulated aquatic resource utilization are weakening at an alarming rate due to factors such as modernization and the establishment of the formal institution. Weak traditional structures contribute in many ways to mismanagement and destruction of aquatic resources. The study recommends that ecological database should not only focus on the resources stock, but also on the dynamics of resources utilization. This would lead identification of appropriate local actors with knowledge and skills and cultural advantage who can be involved in planning and management of these important resources. It would also help to reverse the negative impact already experienced, promote sustainable practices and eventually guarantee theavailability of adequate aquatic resources for the present and future generation.

Water pollution: one of the main Limnology challenges in the Anthropocene

Abstract: Humankind is defining a new geological time. The Anthropocene epoch is marked by changes in the geological processes, hydrological regimes, biosphere structure, among other processes, due to human expansion over the landscape worldwide. Biogeochemical cycle’s acceleration, the high load of pollutants in water resources, rampant deforestation, increase in the greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere, eutrophication and biodiversity losses are some indications that reflect human’s pressure over several ecosystems, especially aquatic ones. Therefore, here we reviewed some aspects from a huge anthropogenic influence on ecosystems: water pollution. For decades, humankind has increasingly placed demands on aquatic environments without any concern. As an effect, lakes, rivers, and reservoirs are being globally degraded. Although the interactive effects of future anthropic processes are complex, much of current knowledge suggests that these pressures are likely to increase in magnitude and frequency over the next years. Hence, scientific results need to be articulated in an integrative perspective to expand our understanding of the aquatic resources management. The ecological knowledge generated by scientists must be applied to solve environmental problems enabling human progress sustainably. It is urgent to improve communication and understanding among different sectors of society in favor of water management. Therefore, it will be possible to ensure the preservation of natural resources for future generations by using transdisciplinary tools to understand, mitigate and recover the water resources from these anthropogenic pressures.