Aquaculture Business Research Articles

Technology Dissemination of Smart Tani Fish Farmers in Karang Kepanjen Hamlet, Trimulyo Village, Sleman District, Sleman Regency

Smartani "Fish Farming SMEs" is located in an agricultural area in Sleman Regency, precisely in Karang Kepanjen Hamlet, Trimulyo Village, Sleman District, Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta Special Region has been conducting tilapia cultivation activities since 2012. Smartani fishery cultivation is led by Mr. Bondan Widoropexy. In fact, Mr. Bondan Widoropeksi has a large enough market opportunity for aquaculture. However, this opportunity brings consequences and problems, namely the lack of a touch of innovation from the fish feeding system. Information about some of the problems faced by fish farming must be addressed as soon as possible as a solution for developing aquaculture business. Through this proposed science and technology activity program and based on the needs analysis that has been carried out, the service team tries to offer solutions to these problems with a touch of science and technology, namely through the main activity of designing remote fish feeders with IoT technology. This remote fish feed technology uses Arduino type microcontroller technology which is equipped with remote communication technology using GSM modules. The schedule of fish feeders and the dose of the amount of feed needed by the fish can be set automatically and remotely using IoT technology.

The socio economic challenge to improve the productivity of brackish water aquaculture business in Aceh Tamiang Regency

There were 3,624.5 hectares of the brackish water pond in Aceh Tamiang, which can support the national shrimp export program. The problems arise due to the pond ownership matter, the source of financing, the technology used, and the institutionalization action to improve productivity. The purpose of this research is to improve brackish water pond productivity based on socio-economic aspects in the location. The survey to achieve these aims conducted from April - May 2021, in eight villages in Aceh Tamiang. Data and information were interviewed from 160 pond farmers. Simple statistics and descriptive techniques were used to analyse the data. The main findings are: 91.1 % of the traditional brackish water farmers depend on commercial seed and feed; the productivity of the brackish water pond is between 1.2 tonnes/hectares/year - 2.4 tonnes/hectares/year; the average pond ownership is between 1.1 and 3.4 hectares/farmer; 60% - 94,1% of financial funding to run business depends on their source and the rest from investor or trader. This research recommends: the brackish water farmers in all villages should be organized in one “corporate business” to improve productivity. This institution is owned by farmers based on money stock and managed by professionals.

Carp Hatchery Business Development in Subang Regency

Carp hatcheries and nurseries are prominent businesses in Subang Regency, Indonesia. However, there has been a decrease in carp seed quality and production volume in recent years. This study aimed to analyze the socio-economic characteristics of the carp hatchery business, to analyze issues and obstacles facing carp hatcheries, and to formulate a strategy for developing the carp hatchery in Subang Regency. Primary data used in this study were collected through a survey method using a questionnaire. The respondents interviewed were 50 fish farmers. Data collection was carried out in 2020. The results showed that small-scale fish farming is the dominant business in Subang Regency. The problem of fish seed availability is the main obstacle faced by fish farmers. The unavailability of fish seed causes the aquaculture business chain to be interrupted. One of the best choices for developing the hatchery business is the regular use of superior broodstock.

Analisis Dampak Kawasan Sentra Budidaya Lele Terpadu (KSBLT) Kabupaten Tuban di Kecamatan Merakurak Terhadap Usaha Budidaya Lele di Kecamatan Tuban

As one of the efforts to increase production of catfish culture , the Government of Tuban Regency launched the establishment of The Integrated Catfish Cultivation Center Area ( ICACA ) in Merakurak Sub- District in 2018. The existence of ICACA makes the program to increase catfish aquaculture more coordinated and increase production of catfish cultivation in Tuban Regency. ICCCA not only has an impact on the aquaculture business in Merakurak District, but also in other sub-districts in Tuban Regency. However, studies that explore the impact of ICACA on aquaculture in other areas are rarely reported. This study analyzes the impact of the existence of ICACA on cultivation business in Tuban District in Tuban Regency. This study uses a descriptive method with a mixed method approach (qualitative and quantitative). The results of this study indicate the factors that are the impact of ICACA in Merakurak District on the development of catfish cultivation in Tuban District. Based on the analysis carried out in this study, the implementation of ICACA in Tuban Regency, especially related to the effect of ICACA on catfish cultivation in Tuban District, needs to be directed to the application of sustainable aquaculture based on the empowerment of local community groups.

Kajian Fisika Kimia Perairan Danau Bangkau Sebagai Dasar Pengembangan Budidaya Ikan

Nowadays, in the Danau Bangkau swamp, there is a tendency that some types of fish are increasingly difficult to find and the size of the fish that are still available is relatively small, and the catch of fishermen has decreased. Utilization of fishery potential of Danau Bangkau swamp through the development of aquaculture business is an alternative option that must be implemented. This research was conducted to be able to see the feasibility of the water quality in the Danau Bangkau swamp so that hope it can be basic information for the development of aquaculture in that area. The results showed that the temperature range in the waters of the Danau Bangkau swamp was 28.3-32.4 o C, the brightness was 72-95 cm, degree of acidity (pH) is 6.01-7.2, dissolved oxygen (DO) 1.2-4.3 mg/l, nitrate 0.7-9.8 mg/l, phosphate 0.2-3.31 mg/l and total suspended solids 7-48 mg/l. In general, the value of water quality parameters fulfill the quality standards, except for dissolved oxygen and phosphate parameters. The low levels of dissolved oxygen and high levels of phosphate indicated that there has been pollution in the Danau Bangkau swamp waters so it is not suitable for the cultivation activities.

Regional Government Policy In Supporting The Minapolitan ProgramAs An Effort To Develop Fishery Cultivation In The Coastal Area OfThe Tapanuli Tengah Regency North Sumatra Province

This research was conducted on September 7-29, 2020 in Tapanuli Tengah Regency North Sumatra Province. The purpose of this study was to determine the current minapolitan conditions in the coastal area of Tapanuli Tengah Regency North Sumatra Province, analyzing the development of the Minapolitan program that has been implemented as an effort to develop aquaculture business in the coastal area of Tapanuli Tengah Regency, and the next objective to analyze local government policies in supporting the Minapolitan program as an effort to develop fisheries cultivation in the coastal areas of Tapanuli Tengah Regency. The research method used by the author is a survey method. The results of the study was explained that the Minapolitan condition continues to run and is one of the priority programs of the local government in advancing the marine and fisheries sector in Tapanuli Tengah Regency until now. The development of the Minapolitan program that has been implemented has been effective since 2014 and is still ongoing today. And the result of the third research is that there are three sectors of aquaculture that participate as a form of direct support from the Regional Government in the success of the Minapolitan program in the coastal area of Tapanuli Tengah Regency. Among other things the first is the development of freshwater fish cultivation, secondly the development of brackish water aquaculture business, and third namely the development of seawater aquaculture business.

Potensi Pengembangan Budidaya Pada Kawasan Konservasi Perairan Datok Bandar Kabupaten Lingga

The development of aquaculture in the Marine Protected Area (KKP) has to recognize the sustainability and the balancing of the ecosystem in that area. It causes limited rights of users who want to develop their business, where the issuance of permits and business management regulations is an obligation that must be followed by aquaculture business developers in the KKP area. The study aimed was to formulate the technical directions in developing the potential for aquaculture business in the Marine Protected Area of Datok Bandar (KKPD) at Lingga Regency. The method used in this research is a descriptive quantitative using analysis of the carrying capacity of the environment for aquaculture, water quality parameters, and a participatory approach. The results showed that the potential area to be developed for aquaculture was 3,736.01 ha. However, based on the carrying capacity analysis, only 268,420 ha or 7.2% from the existing potential can be utilized for aquaculture. Furthermore, based on the water quality measurements for aquaculture, the KKPD area was divided into 3 designations groups of aquaculture areas, namely the KJT, KJA, and seaweed. The number of aquaculture business units that were allowed in this area was 16,776 units consisting of 10,066 small business units and 6,710 medium business units with 7 types of superior fish. The limitation of land area and some business units in conservation areas were important to ensure the sustainability of the environment in the future. The implication of this research could be used as a basis for issuing aquaculture business permits, and to ensure that small-scale aquaculture fishermen have a large proportion. In addition to ensuring the existence of local communities who were generally small farmers, conservation areas were very vulnerable to environmental changes, so the risk factors and impacts of business utilization were important to consider.

Potential of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms) in Rawapening lake as raw material for fish feed

Feed is a major factor in determining the success of aquaculture business. The quality and quantity of feeding properly will maximize the growth of fish. Various research and application of technology has been made to obtain alternative feed source so as to reduce the level of dependence on the food production industry. The eutrophication condition of Rawapening Lake has triggered the water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms) to grow out of control. It speeds up the loss of water weeds, cover the surface of the water into the fishing area and degrade water quality. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential of water hyacinth as an alternative fish feed ingredient. In addition, it is also an effort to control the growth of water hyacinth in Rawapening Lake. The descriptive analysis method with a quantitative approach was chosen in this study. After making flour, water hyacinth has a protein content of 12.51%. Water hyacinth fine flour mixed with other ingredients including fish meal and fish feed bisamenghasilkan rice bran protein content of 30.2477%. The results of testing the stability of feed in water (Water Stability Feed) showed that the feed was destroyed after being immersed in cold water for 17 hours. The buoyancy test shows the feed is classified as a submerged type. The feed sinks because it has a specific gravity which is greater than the specific gravity of water. The feed hardness test shows that the feed is not destroyed after being given a load of 500 grams. The heavier the load that the feed can hold, it means the feed is getting harder. Protein content of 30.2477% indicates that alternative fish feed has competitive quality because it is able to meet the protein needs of cultivated fish. Especially fish cultivated in tropical areas which have lower protein requirements (20-30%).

POLLUTION INDEX AND ECONOMIC VALUE OF VANNAMEI SHRIMP (Litopenaeus vannamei) FARMING IN INDONESIA

Shrimp farming has contributed a large share in Indonesia’s aquaculture portfolio for at least a decade, and a national plan to increase shrimp production by 250% has been recently laid out. However, boosting shrimp productions could lead to unintended consequences in environmental and socio-economic negative impacts. The rapid development of vannamei farming in Java has increased coastline land clearings and demands of fertilizers, feeds, and chemicals to sustain the farming activities. Such pressures will eventually lead to a reduced environmental capacity and the farming efficiency itself. This study aimed to study the environmental impacts and business performance of intensive shrimp farming in Indonesia. The study was conducted in Aquaculture Business Center (ABC) in Karawang for four months, from July to October 2020. In-situ and ex-situ measurements of water quality parameters were done at six sampling stations directly post-harvest water discharge. The measured parameters consisted of temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, ammonia (NH3), nitrite (NO2), nitrate (NO3), phosphate (PO4), alkalinity, and salinity. Pollution Index (PI) was used as the primary method to determine the environmental impacts of the shrimp farming. The R/C Ratio was used to analyze the business performance of the company. The results showed that the water quality index in the ABC area was categorized as lightly polluted in station 1 (PIj 4.52) and station 5 (PIj 4.37), moderately polluted in station 2 (PIj 6.24), station 3 (PIj 6.72), and station 4 (PIj 6.13) and heavily polluted in station 6 (PIj 111.06). The determined R/C ratio was 1.10, meaning that the shrimp farming is classified as economically profitable. Although the shrimp farming’s economic performance value is very good, the water conditions affected by waste from the shrimp pond culture will reduce the R/C ratio in the future if not properly managed.

Local Knowledge System of Milkfish Farmers at Traditional Pond in Tassiwalie Coastal Village Pinrang District

Development of milkfish aquaculture in traditional ponds must of course be based on its potential. One of the most important potentials is the local knowledge of the community about the aquaculture system in ponds. The purpose of this research is to analyze the behavior and local knowledge of traditional farmers in managing their aquaculture business which is influenced by elements of local culture that penetrate into the social system of society. This type of research is qualitative with a case study approach. Data collection was carried out through direct observation and in-depth interviews with a number of informants. The process provides a comprehensive description of the actions and practices in managing traditional pond businesses. There were 27 informants as the primary data source. Analysis through content analysis from the compilation of interviews with technique snowball by still referring to the principle of triangulation. The results showed that local knowledge, method technology, and traditional aquaculture practices, farmers still did because they still were considered functional and effective. Modern aquaculture technologies have not been able to replace most of the main functions of these local practices. The effectiveness of function is shown through the recognition of farmers that with traditional technology, they can carry out their aquaculture business activities and obtain the main source of income from the past to the present. Existing local knowledge is closely related to customary beliefs as norms that regulate social interactions.

Business feasibility assessment of floating cage system of trevallies in Inner Ambon Bay

Study on the feasibility of a floating cage cultivation business of Trevally in Inner Ambon Bay (IAB) waters was done to analyse the production factors of floating cage system and to analyse the feasibility business of floating cage system in IAB. This research was conducted in IAB considering most of floating cage distribution are located in the area. Data collection was carried out on floating cage cultivation business units in IAB waters, which consisted of 10 cultivation units according to the management group. Result of this research showed that the factors of production in the Trevallies aquaculture business unit in IAB are supply of feed that cover mostly operational cost and unavailability of feed suppliers, supply of fish seeds from Marine Cultivation and Seed Center Waiheru Ambon and the availability of labour ranging from 2-5 people per business unit. The cultivation of Trevallies in IAB using the floating cage method is very feasible and profitable to run.

Effects of astaxanthin produced by Paracoccus haeundaensis on growth and body color in Epinephelus akaara

The purpose of this study was to determine whether marine microorganism-derived astaxanthin has effects on coloration improvement and growth of the Hong Kong grouper (Epinephelus akaara). Juvenile and immature E. akaara were fed diets comprised of a mixture of commercial feed and biosynthetic astaxanthin obtained from Paracoccus haeundaensis to analyze changes in their growth and body color. Color variances in the skin and muscle were measured using spectrophotometry. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to measure the astaxanthin content in the muscle and skin, and to determine the amount of astaxanthin accumulated in the body. Astaxanthin did not affect growth but affected red coloration of the skin in both juvenile and immature E. akaara. Furthermore, the astaxanthin content in the muscle and skin of immature fish consistently increased as the concentration of astaxanthin supplemented in the feed increased. In conclusion, astaxanthin derived from the marine microorganism Paracoccus haeundaensis was effective in improving the coloration of both juvenile and immature E. akaara. Therefore, it is considered a feasible feed additive that improves the coloration of fish and increase the aquaculture business’s income.

The effectiveness of basil extract on the mildew saprolegnia within in vitro

Fish disease is a serious problem faced in the aquaculture business. One of the diseases that attack cultured fish is saprolegniasis caused by the fungus Saprolegnia sp. The use of chemical drugs tends to be environmentally unfriendly and has other negative effects on these fish and humans. For this reason, a safer alternative treatment is needed to control fish disease caused by the fungus Saprolegnia sp. One of the plants that have the potential to treat disease caused by the fungus Saprolegnia sp. is basil (Ocimum basilicum L). This research aims to determine the effectiveness of basil extract against the fungus Saprolegnia sp. in vitro. This research was conducted from May to June 2019. The research method used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatment levels and 3 replications including 0 ppm (control), 20 ppm, 40 ppm, 60 ppm, and 80 ppm treatments. The test parameter observed was the inhibition zone diameter. In this study, 200 grams of basil extract were produced with 16.67% yield, the conclusion is that basil extract with a concentration of 60 ppm has the largest inhibition zone diameter of 22 mm in inhibiting the growth of the fungus Saprolegnia sp in vitro compared to other ethanol extract concentrations of basil.Keywords: Basil extract, antifungal, saprolegnia sp, in vitro

SKRINING FITOKIMIA EKSTRAK ETANOL RUMPUT LAUT GRACILARIA SP. ASAL DESA NEUSU KABUPATEN ACEH BESAR

Gracilaria, sp is one type of red algae that produces jelly. Gracilaria, sp. are easily found in Indonesian waters so that they can be developed as aquaculture businesses, especially alongside the east coast of Indonesia. Gracilaria sp. has a secondary metabolic bioactive compound that can be used as a source of emulsifiers, thickeners, stabilizers, and also as medicines. Therefore, phytochemical screening of secondary metabolite compounds, among others, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and terpenoids was carried out. The results showed a positive phytochemical screening of flavonoid compounds, terpenoids, and saponins in the Gracilaria seaweed.

HABreports: Online Early Warning of Harmful Algal and Biotoxin Risk for the Scottish Shellfish and Finfish Aquaculture Industries

We present an on-line early warning system that is operational in Scottish coastal waters to minimize the risk to humans and aquaculture businesses in terms of the human health and economic impacts of harmful algal blooms (HABs) and their associated biotoxins. The system includes both map and time-series based visualization tools. A “traffic light” index approach is used to highlight locations at elevated HAB/biotoxin risk. High resolution mathematical modelling of cell advection, in combination with satellite remote sensing, provides early warning of HABs that advect from offshore waters to the coast. Expert interpretation of HAB, biotoxin and environmental data in light of recent and historical trends is used to provide, on a weekly basis, a forecast of the risk from HABs and their biotoxins to allow mitigation measures to be put in place by aquaculture businesses, should a HAB event be imminent.

Implementation Of Land Administration For Aquaculture Management (Case Study: South Coastal Of Sumenep Regency)

Sumenep Regency has a large area of water with enormous fisheries and marine potential. These conditions make the coastal area of Sumenep Regency very potential to be used as aquaculture business land. Aquaculture is a human activity or effort to increase aquatic productivity through aquaculture activities. However, the management of this pond business did not optimal. Many fishpond businesses were running even though they had not yet received permission from the relevant agencies. Therefore, an orderly administration of land is required to resolve these problems. In this research, an inventory of licensed and unlicensed aquaculture businesses, an analysis of the status of the business area and its suitability for the RTRW document, as well as calculation of fees and contributions to the realization of local revenue was carried out. The analysis conducted in this study used the overlay method. The results show that there were 101 unlicensed aquaculture ponds and 6 licensed aquaculture ponds. The results of the calculation of levies from 101 unlicensed ponds in the amount of Rp. 166,082,500.00, included in the fairly good criteria of 36.9%. While permitted farm levies in the amount of Rp. 55,871,000.00 included in the less contribution criteria of 12.4%. The suitability of the unlicensed pond business with the RTRW documents obtained 83.46 Ha was suitable and 106.3 Ha was not suitable and the licensed ponds are 17.2 Ha was suitable while 38.6 Ha was not suitable. The results of this research can be used as an evaluation for granting business licenses and RTRW document enforcement in the field.

Does gender equality in salt community business decision exist?

The salt business is not only conducted by the salt aquaculture. Salt aquaculture requires their families to help them producing salt. It is still not visible that there is gender equality in this business. However, there is no gender equality in the salt aquaculture business in Pati Regency in this research hypothesis. Thus, the question arises whether all salt aquaculture always make with their family or are carried out by the salt aquaculture themselves? This paper aimed to analyze the role of gender equality in decision making in households, both in domestic and public activities. This study conducted in 2012 with data updating in 2018 analyzed in 2020—the data took using questions guideline at Pati Regency. This research’s primary funding was the investment decision made together in this district’s family together. Training or socialization was still only given to the head of the family. It would be better if the wife also gave financial training.

Lobster aquaculture business in East Lombok Regency: challenges and prospects

Lobster aquaculture plays a significant part of coastal communities in East Lombok Regency, some farmers’ activities to on-grow lobster started in early 2000 at several sites. Lobster aquaculture development has begun to carry out since government policy support trough Marine and Fisheries Regulation No. 12/2020. This study aims to identify some opportunities and challenges lobster aquaculture, especially in East Lombok Regency, based on SWOT analysis as a recommendation considered for lobster aquaculture development in the future. The results show that stakeholders have a relatively positive perception about developing the lobster aquaculture business in East Lombok because they believe the strengths and opportunities outweigh the weaknesses and threats. Suitable natural conditions are considered the most crucial power. Simultaneously, many untapped markets and government’s support for the sector are critical opportunities for further developing lobster aquaculture. Limitations of aquaculture technology, provision of feed, a supply of seeds and mortality, and lobsters’ disease rates are weaknesses in developing lobster aquaculture. Besides, reliance on the markets of China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong is considered a substantial threat that must be faced. The findings of this study can be used by policymakers to develop the lobster aquaculture business further.

Socio economic assessment of brackish water aquaculture business in Aceh Tamiang Regency

Brackish water aquaculture is an essential business in Aceh Tamiang Regency. Data and information about the brackish water business collected from selected villages in four regencies from April until August 2020. In 2019, the brackish water farmers run their business 91.1% as the traditional type of aquaculture, 2.0% as semi-intensive, and 6.9% as intensive practices. The traditional brackish water farm is depending on “toke” as the source of funding. Meanwhile, the last two types of businesses grew with rent and sharing system. The brackish water activities only give limited benefits to the local community because they highly depend on other regions for seed, feed, pesticides, and labor, and the local institution supports the brackish water business not yet created. This research recommends: the village’s government should develop and implement the regulation for the involvement of local people in business activities; the brackish water institution should be created in the location especially for water management, control water pollution, and sources of various information regarding brackish water business. The Village Business Agency (Badan Usaha Milik Gampong) should improve its capabilities and play a role in the village’s brackish water business.

Sea cucumber aquaculture business potential in Middle East and South-East Asia - Pathways for ecological, social and economic sustainability

Sea cucumber aquaculture business potential in Middle East and South-East Asia - Pathways for ecological, social and economic sustainability