April Issue Research Articles

A Look at the April Issue [From the Editor's Desk

Welcome to the April 2022 issue of <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">IEEE Microwave Magazine</i> . Even though it is a rainy, cool day outside the window of my home office near the end of December 2021, writing about the April issue (in North American spring) seems at odds with the weather. As we all know, the last approximately two years have seen disruptions that have been at odds with every aspect of our lives, including in our career activities, whether they be in industry, academia, or government. Many institutions placed holds on research, limited access to laboratories, detailed “return to research” plans, and implemented new safety procedures; but in spite of these challenges, the microwave community continues rise to the challenge and advance microwave technology. Some of these microwave technology advances you will find reported in the “overview” articles we present in this issue of the magazine. If you have an overview of a microwave technology area that you wish to present that also includes your own research, I encourage you to consider writing an article for <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">IEEE Microwave Magazine</i> so that you can share this technology with the microwave community.

Have You a Hobby?

Editor's note: From its first issue in 1900 through to the present day, AJN has unparalleled archives detailing nurses' work and lives over more than a century. These articles not only chronicle nursing's growth as a profession within the context of the events of the day, but also reveal prevailing societal attitudes about women, health care, and human rights. Today's nursing school curricula rarely include nursing's history, but it's a history worth knowing. To this end, From the AJN Archives highlights articles selected to fit today's topics and times. In the first half of the 20th century, AJN readers were regularly reminded about the importance of hobbies. As Frances Pedersen remarked in this April 1931 article, "We owe it to ourselves and to our work to regularly seek refreshment of mind and body." In those early decades, the journal devoted a surprising amount of time to this particular nonclinical topic. A variety of authors enthusiastically shared ideas for hobbies, such as collecting hospital postcards, or, as in Pedersen's article, gardening. Some argued that people with hobbies were more well rounded and therefore made better nurses. And some saw hobbies as essential relaxation. For our April issue, with Earth Day and spring in mind, and for those of us who spend our fast-paced workdays dealing with COVID-19 and other serious issues, we thought gardening was a particularly good hobby to cover.-Betsy Todd, MPH, RN.

Volume 101A, Number 4, April 2022 Cover Image

AbstractThe cover image, inspired by the Swiss artist Ursus Wehrly, illustrates that sorting up messy molecules can up. Done in the Color spectrum between blue and yellow with compassion to the Ukrainian colleagues and friends. The cover is related to the collection of manuscripts in this April issue on different ways of sorting and this April's editorial. (The molecule graphics on the left was taken from Mendonza and colleagues (pp. 339) and then sorted by colour shaper ans (and) size bz (by) our cover Designer Bärbel Beran, http://www.beran‐design.de/).

Dust in the Wind, Dirt Under Our Feet, and Dunes of Another World

In our April issue of Eos, we follow researchers who get to the root of the Amazon basin’s rich landscape.

Paper of April Issue of Stem Cell Reviews and Reports Presents an Update on Acute Myeloid Leukemia Stem Cells: Origin, Characteristics, and Clinical Implications by Dr. David F. Claxton et al.

Paper of April Issue of Stem Cell Reviews and Reports Presents an Update on Acute Myeloid Leukemia Stem Cells: Origin, Characteristics, and Clinical Implications by Dr. David F. Claxton et al.

Lift Your Voice

Lift Your Voice Richard Dale Sjoerdsma EDITOR'S COMMENTARY Click for larger view View full resolution Richard Dale Sjoerdsma Lift every voice and singTill earth and heaven ring,Ring with the harmonies of Liberty;Let our rejoicing riseHigh as the listening skies,Let it resound loud as the rolling seas.Sing a song full of the faith that the dark past has taught us,Sing a song full of the hope that the present has brought us,Facing the rising sun of our new day begunLet us march on till victory is won. John Rosemond Johnson Upon first becoming informed of the 2022 World Voice Day theme, I must confess to have been taken aback by the lack of the typical adverb. In an overwhelming preponderance of sources that I investigated, biblical and poetic, the phrase included "up," or, as illustrated above by the lyrics to the song often referred to as the Black National Anthem,1 determiners such as "every" and "all." I am certain, however, that the WVD Committee intentionally avoided any qualifiers for the theme, and in so doing, encouraged intriguing possibilities for exploring its implications. Beginning in 2008—admittedly a little late to the party—in each March/ April issue of the Journal of Singing I have tried to draw attention to that year's April 16 World Voice Day commemoration. Since 2011, I have placed the theme on the cover of the periodical, and, upon learning the WVD theme sometime in October of a given year, have asked my regular contributors to consider addressing the theme in their respective columns, if appropriate. On the one hand, that practice lends a certain unity of content to the corresponding issue, while at the same time underscoring the importance of the observation; on the other hand, however, as the reader will determine in the pages of the current issue, my team has covered the topic so well, with perception, and from many diverse aspects, that the editor finds himself with little to add. Why is it important, even necessary, to lift one's voice? If the familiar adage that the eyes are windows to the soul is true, perhaps it also may be added that the voice is the expression of the soul. When the full-grown poet came,Out spake pleased Nature (the round impassive globe, with all its shows of day and night,) saying, He is mine; [End Page 431] But out spake too the Soul of man, proud, jealous,and unreconciled, Nay, he is mine alone;—Then the full-grown poet stood between the two, and took each by the hand;And to-day and ever so stands, as blender, uniter, tightly holding hands,And wholly and joyously blends them.2 And if that is true, one must exercise the WVD imperative with care and responsibility. In both singing and speaking, a top priority must be the nurture and care of the voice so that one can engage or "lift" it effectively and efficiently. Voice practitioners need assiduously to concern themselves with matters of vocal and personal health, voice pedagogy, cognition, and many related issues that have been addressed thoroughly by professionals better equipped than I.3 While nodding in the direction of interpretations of the WVD theme that are more appropriate to this periodical, and while acknowledging with gratitude my colleagues' competent treatment of it, I want to venture on a different path. I do so with some trepidation, hearing the voice of friend and journalistic mentor Richard Miller, when, at the beginning of my tenure as editor, I sought his advice on writing a more or less regular commentary. Richard approved of the idea, but warned against using the column as a "bully pulpit." I fear I transgress his admonition on this occasion, but we find ourselves in unusual circumstances that warrant unusual responses. As I write in early December 2021, we have entered a time that inspires—indeed almost demands—lifting the voice, not only for those of faith, but for all. One week before the season of Hope, Love, Joy, and Peace—themes of the four Sundays of Advent—an unspeakable tragedy occurred in Waukesha, Wisconsin, only...

Highlighting RWW 2022 [From the Editor's Desk

Each year, <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">IEEE Microwave Magazine</i> highlights two conferences: 1) the IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society (MTT-S) flagship conference the International Microwave Symposium in the April or May issue and 2) the Radio & Wireless Week (RWW) series of conferences in the December issue. We are pleased once again this month to highlight RWW 2022 and present a series of technical feature articles that covers the breadth of RWW as well as columns outlining the various activities occurring during the week. The RWW 2022 Steering Committee has been working diligently over the last year putting together a conference that everyone is hoping will have a significant in-person presence in the host city of Las Vegas, Nevada. Ken Kolodziej, the guest editor for this issue, introduces the features and columns in his “From the Guest Editor’s Desk” column, which is an excellent starting point of the issue. I wish to thank Ken for his efforts in working with the authors of the technical features and columns; I think this mix of articles is quite representative of all that RWW has to offer. Whether you attend in person (and we hope that relaxed travel restrictions allow you to do so) or remotely, I am sure you will find the conference stimulating and a good opportunity to interact with your colleagues and see the latest work from researchers around the world.

Improvement of atmospheric pollution in the capital cities of US during COVID-19.

The spread of COVID-19 during 2020 impacted the whole world and still affecting the lives of people living in some parts of the world. The spread of this epidemic started in the US in late March 2020 and became a major issue in April due to an outburst of COVID-19 cases. Most of the countries in the world imposed complete to partial lockdown, but in the US, few states imposed lockdowns. Even after the advisory of the various Government department, the mobility data suggest that there was an enhancement (10–15%) in mobility during March 2020. Later sudden drop in mobility was observed during April 2020. The fall in aerosols optical depth (AOD), particulate matter concentration, NO2, and Ozone are observed along with the positive shifts in the SO2. In some of the states, AOD shows pronounced decline during May and June (5–40.90%), in the month of May more than 80% decline was observed compared to the month of June 2020. In the month of April 2020, up to 73.64% decline was observed in NO2, and 70–99% in the months of May and June 2020. We found a good relationship between the mobility data and improvement in the air quality of the US. The changes were not significant compared to other countries in the world due to scattered lockdown policy, but in the US a pronounced change is observed during April month compared to March and May.

Editor's Choice Articles for July.

Editor's Choice Articles for July.

Library Carpentry: Towards a New Professional Dimension (Part II – Automatic Authority Control to Enhance Retrieval)

Authority control for bibliographic data management in Indian libraries is generally a neglected area and thereby library OPACs of the country (including OPAC of the National Library) supports only the finding function of a catalogue and not the collocating function. In this context, the part II of the three part series on library carpentry (part I has been published in April issue) is an attempt to apply library carpentry methods in building authority datasets from scratch. It deals with the methodologies for developing authority datasets by applying data wrangling techniques and subsequent transformations of these datasets into ready-to-import MARC 21 format (for authority data). Like the previous part of the series, this research study is also represented through a case study. The case study narrates development of geographic name authority datasets for - states and union territories (level I), districts of India (level II), sub-districts (level III) and community development blocks of India (level IV). It also demonstrates that how the merged geographic name authority file for India can be implemented in an open source ILS and can become instrumental in enhancing retrieval efficiency through geodetic search feature in an open source library discovery system. It concludes that the proposed mechanisms and methodology (supported with proofs of the concept) may lead to a new era of authority-controlled cataloguing in Indian libraries.

Capacitance Theorem In Electrostatics [Historically Speaking

In the April issue of <i>IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine</i>, I mentioned that the History Committee is interested in receiving proposals for possible IEEE Milestones. Recently, one Milestone possibility was suggested that is quite unique from ones that have been discussed so far and also it was local to me. This is the Thompson-Lampard calculable capacitor [1]. A.M. (Mel) Thompson found experimentally that the capacitance between opposite pairs of cylinders was independent of the diameter of the cylinders. He called on the mathematical expertise of a colleague, Doug G. Lampard, to investigate this further. Out of Lampard's work came a theorem in electromagnetics [1] that was detailed in a publication in 1957 [2].

CSS Conferences: A "New Normal"? [President's Message

Following the engaging article, “Toward Autonomous Operations: An Industrialist’s Perspective,” by Peter Terwiesch (president, ABB Process Automation business area) in the “President’s Message” in the April issue of this magazine, it is my pleasure to welcome you to my second column of 2021. I will focus on our IEEE Control Systems Society (CSS) conferences, namely, the IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC) and the IEEE Conference on Control Technology and Applications (CCTA).

LOFTY AMBITIONS

Our April issue’s feature on Hybrid Air Vehicles’ plans to decarbonise regional transport attracted a largely enthusiastic response from readers

Journal Highlights From the April Issue of JAMDA

Journal Highlights From the April Issue of JAMDA

Description of Graphic on the cover of the April issue of JEE (110:2)

Description of Graphic on the cover of the April issue of JEE (110:2)

Perovskite escape room: Which photons leave the film, and which are trapped inside?

Although halide perovskite materials hold great promise for optoelectronics, defect-assisted recombination still limits their efficiency. In the April issue of <i>Matter</i>, Fassl et al. present an open-source model for analyzing the photoluminescence spectra of perovskite films, showing a much lower internal quantum efficiency than previously thought in the field.

Crossing the Shoreline

As the decade-long GeoPRISMS program comes to an end this spring, Eos’s April issue features just a few its accomplishments.

Welcome to the April Issue

Presents the introductory editorial for this issue of the publication.

Highlights of the April issue.

Highlights of the April issue.

Postcolonial Modernism and the Camera Eye: Eliot Elisofon's Photographs of African Art

Postcolonial Modernism and the Camera Eye:Eliot Elisofon's Photographs of African Art Emily Hyde (bio) 1959: The Atlantic magazine devotes its April issue to "Africa South of the Sahara." Articles on the politics of decolonization frame a large number of contributions on art and culture. A short story by Chinua Achebe appears alongside the work of Nadine Gordimer, Tom Mboya, Léon Damas, Léopold Sédar-Senghor, Amos Tutuola, and David Diop. "The Sacrificial Egg" is Achebe's first story published in the United States, and its timing supports the US release of his novel Things Fall Apart. Unlike that classic novel, the story begins in a recognizably modern Nigeria, with a young clerk named Julius Obi sitting alone in a colonial shipping office, gazing at his typewriter. But The Atlantic upstages this narrative by suspending a dark ovoid shape with curling horns above the title and author information, its square eye sockets emptying out onto a yellow block of color on the page behind it (fig. 1). It is a photograph of an Ogoni mask, and it is credited to Eliot Elisofon's 1958 book The Sculpture of Africa.1 In fact, photographs from Elisofon's book hang above all the fiction and poetry published in this issue of The Atlantic. This photograph does not, it almost goes without saying, illustrate Achebe's story, in which no mask explicitly appears, or the ethnic background of the author, which is Igbo. The connection appears to be purely visual: the mask is egg-shaped. Elisofon's photographs of African art appeared on the pages of American magazines throughout the 1950s and early 1960s, and as these photographs circulated in the mass media they illustrated two different histories. First, they were intended to enhance American understanding of the African continent, its [End Page 607] Click for larger view View full resolution Fig 1. Chinua Achebe, "The Sacrificial Egg," The Atlantic 203, no. 4 (1959): 61. From The Atlantic. © 1959 The Atlantic Monthly Group, LLC. All rights reserved. Used under license. history, and its peoples during the era of decolonization. But because Elisofon also reanimated early-twentieth-century ideas of modernist primitivism, his photographs simultaneously illustrated modernism's midcentury institutionalization in the United States. Understanding Elisofon's photographs in this period thus requires historicizing them on the news-driven pages of LIFE, The Atlantic, and THINK (IBM's in-house magazine). As Serge Guilbaut has memorably put it, New York stole the idea of modern art from Paris in this period, and Eliosofon's photographs of African art were part of this appropriation: against the backdrop of African decolonization, they reenacted modernist primitivism for American consumption in the mass media.2 As a result, though they appear to be very much of their midcentury time period, Elisofon's photographs [End Page 608] in fact counteract the progressive temporality underlying American reporting on the emergence of new, independent nations in Africa and their relation to the ascendant global power of the United States. On the whole, then, this article is about tangled temporalities: there are multiple pasts in the midcentury present of Elisofon's photographs; there is an inexorable sense of progress alongside clear evidence of stasis; there is repetition to the point of anachronism; yet there is very little of that form of temporality we call the future. For example, the photograph of the Ogoni mask that illustrated Achebe's story in The Atlantic was doubly anachronistic. Denying contemporaneity to Julius Obi and his typewriter, this primitivizing illustration is a throwback to a premodern African past, but only by way of early twentieth-century European modernism.3 Elisofon hits the double beat of this retrogressive temporality in his lengthy illustrated essay, "African Sculpture," which immediately precedes Achebe's story. There he argues that only wan imitations of traditional African art forms were currently being made, in 1959, mostly for tourists.4 But he also argues that traditional African art is only recognizable as Art because of its discovery by early twentieth-century modernist painters in Paris. Modernist primitivism relies on an origin story set in 1907, when Picasso encountered African masks at the Trocadéro Ethnography Museum in Paris, then renounced...