Strategic Planning Approach Research Articles

Identifying patterns in smart initiatives' planning in smart cities. An empirical analysis in Spanish smart cities

The smart city (SCs) movement has emerged to face urban challenges. Nonetheless, the complexity and dynamic nature of cities makes them context-dependent in their strategic planning processes concerning smart initiatives, which can lead to different solutions and outcomes of cities' development. With the growing number of smart initiatives implemented in SCs, it becomes important both to consider how such initiatives are planned and organised, and to address the complexity and context-dependent dynamic in which such initiatives are implemented. Therefore, this study is a comprehensive analysis of number of initiatives in 12 Spanish SCs (1635 smart initiatives) to identify the relations between key characteristics of the cities (cities and citizens' profiles) and the planning of SC strategies. Findings suggest that formal strategic planning is mainly performed in SCs with higher qualification of inhabitants, mature-aged population, and top-down strategic planning approach.

Managing change in the face of a pandemic: the case of Cargills (Ceylon) PLC

Research methodology This case study has been developed based on the primary data obtained through a series of interviews held with the senior management of Cargills, and the secondary data obtained from the company’s corporate website www.cargillsceylon.com/,annual reports and publicly available sources of information such as newspaper articles. Case overview/synopsis This case study focuses on the strategic responses employed by Cargills (Ceylon) PLC – a leading business conglomerate in Sri Lanka – in response to the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic. The duration of this case study is from January 2020 to September 2021. The case study particularly examines the key business sectors of Cargills (Ceylon) PLC – retail, food manufacturing and quick service restaurants – which elaborate on the change management practices and strategies deployed by the company in each of these sectors during this challenging period. This study is based on the primary data gathered from the interviews held with the Cargills (Ceylon) PLC team, and the secondary data obtained from the corporate website of Cargills (Ceylon) PLC. This case study is most suitable to be taught in academic courses related to strategic change management. Complexity academic level The case is most suited to be discussed with undergraduates (3rd year and 4th year) following business and management studies related disciplines. While the pivotal area around which the case has been developed is strategic change management, covering environmental analysis, strategic analysis and process of change management, the case could also be used in strategic management classes, to discuss environmental analysis, strategic planning approaches and business and corporate level strategies. Subject code CSS 11: Strategy.

Effects of Population Increase on Peri-Urban Land Growth in Asa Local Government Area, Kwara State

The rapid growth of world population and its agglomeration in cities and towns around the world is affecting the longterm outlook for humanity, in such that the process of urban growth and the effect at the peri-urban areas are universal, occurring all over the world. This study aimed at assessing the effects of population increase on the growth of periurban land in Asa local government area, Kwara State. Secondary data, via satellite imageries covering 2000, 2010 and 2021 were mainly used in analyzing the changes that occurred within twenty years. Remote sensing and GIS approaches to satellite imagery processing were adopted using ILWIS and ERDAS IMAGINE 9.2 software to subset the imageries, as well used for classification resampling. The result on built-up area reveals a consistence increase of over 80% between 2000 and 2021. The vegetation cover suffered a serious loss of vegetal land to the tune over 100 hectares due to various degree of development and expansion of the town. The water body also affected with loss in space covered with 80 hectares within the period under study. With a tremendous population increase, the study indicates a high demand for land and vegetal resources, which in turns possess a serious threat to food production. The study concludes that population increase remains the most significant determinant of peri-urban changes with a resultant effect on the wellbeing of peri-urban residents and rural dwellers. It therefore, recommends the adoption and application of strategic physical planning approach in the development of the peri-urban areas.

Towards a multi-scalar place-sensitive planning approach in small-sized cities

ABSTRACT The urban fabric can be characterised as an ever-evolving assemblage operating on multiple scales; constantly being constituted and reshaped by internal and external elements, not making it possible to regard any place as an isolated entity at a specific scale. Through an overview of relational place theory, this paper aims to theoretically discuss how local planning practices need to include a relational and multi-scalar approach to cope with complex urban and rural realities if they wish to create development in local places. To unfold this, the paper reveals some of the empirical implications of such a multi-scalar urban reality, by analysing how two selected Danish municipalities seek to relate to, respond to and comply with the networked and relational reality of place in their planning practices. The empirical work builds among others on students’ field work and the cases expose the importance of working with totalities, relations and networks on multiple scales; however, they also reveal the challenges related to the manifestations of such a practice. The paper argues that, despite the challenges associated with this practice, the current complex global interconnectedness of places calls for an increased focus on strategic municipal planning approaches that are both multi-scalar and place-sensitive.

Excessive rightsizing? The interdependence of public school closures and population shrinkage

AbstractShrinking cities have, by definition, lost population. Rightsizing is a strategic planning approach to mitigate the challenges of population loss by adjusting a municipality's services, amenities, or even footprint to fit a new demographic reality. While studies have documented the unacceptability and ineptitude of municipality‐driven rightsizing, public school closures have proliferated and quietly become a noteworthy material manifestation of population change. However, as public schools are widely considered to be a foundational component of community cohesion, identity, and prosperity, it begs the question of whether their closure may accelerate the decline feedback mechanisms already present in many shrinking cities. Our study examines public school closures in Ontario, Canada, from 2011 to 2016 to determine the relationship between municipal population trajectories and size and public school closures, and to explore the prevalence of school closures and the community context in shrinking Ontario municipalities. We find that public school closures occurred disproportionately in shrinking and smaller municipalities. Furthermore, public school closure prevalence is associated with low income, low ethnoracial diversity, and low educational attainment.

Long-term planning of wind and solar power considering the technology readiness level under China's decarbonization strategy

To address climate change, the Chinese government has committed to achieving carbon peaking by 2030. Projecting the wind power and photovoltaic installed capacity is essential for China's low carbon transition as these renewables have been widely recognized as the major energy sources in future. This study proposes a long-term strategic planning approach for wind power and photovoltaic by simulating multiple policies and market scenarios for the national-level energy transitions and incorporating the feedback effects of market development on technology readiness level. The proposed approach simulates the national energy consumption and energy mix under various transition scenarios based on the Long-range Energy Alternatives Planning System (LEAP). The dynamics of market development, technology readiness level, and future renewable costs are further incorporated into a nonlinear optimization model to generate economically optimal planning solutions for wind power and photovoltaic under different policy and market scenarios. Valuable insights are obtained from three perspectives, i.e., (1) the economic and emission reduction co-benefits under different scenarios, (2) the evolution of the Levelized Cost of Energy, and (3) the impact on the transition of power sector. In particular, the simulation and optimization results reveal that appropriate acceleration of wind power and photovoltaic development can promote technology readiness level, reduce overall transition costs, and effectively reduce the peak value of emissions. The maximum peak reduction in carbon dioxide emissions is 16.06%, and the maximum cumulative reduction in carbon dioxide emissions is 14.54%. The total project cost can be reduced by a maximum of 3.23%. Thus, more active supporting policies for renewables can further enhance long-term economic and environmental co-benefits under current conditions.

Strategic planning in Gauteng grassroots football clubs

Strategic planning has become indispensable for organisations that seek to develop and grow, and grassroots football clubs are no exception. As large amounts of money are invested in football clubs, these entities may be prone to substantial financial risk if resources are not effectively deployed, underlining the importance of strategic planning and management. Against this background, this qualitative study explored the strategic planning processes of grassroots football clubs in Gauteng Province, South Africa. Interviews were conducted with representatives of 12 football clubs affiliated with the South African Football Association, and data were analysed thematically. The findings suggest that grassroots football clubs are like not-for-profit community organisations in their strategic planning approach (or lack thereof). Grassroots football clubs still have much to do in developing their strategic planning capabilities to create value and enhance the sustainability of football.

Strategic planning for sustainable electric system operations: Integrating renewables and energy storage

This work proposes a mathematical programming approach for strategic planning in power system operations with the aim of promoting a sustainable energy transition. The approach identifies optimal operating policies that integrate conventional generation plants and renewable energies to meet user demand while considering energy generation, transmission, and distribution. Additionally, the formulation determines the optimal storage units required in the energy transmission network to improve system stability and reduce operating costs by balancing energy supply and demand. However, the operation of the power system is limited by several factors, such as economic and environmental factors as well as energy losses. Therefore, the purpose is to operate the electricity system with the lowest operating cost while minimizing CO2 emissions generated by electricity production. Since there is a conflict between these objectives, a multi-objective approach is necessary to propose a compromise solution. The compromise solution represents a balance between technical, economic, and environmental factors; the results demonstrate that it is possible to achieve a balance between these factors. Finally, we present a case study of the Mexican Electricity System (SEN) to apply the developed model. The case study includes a maximum load operation analysis to determine the system’s limits and ranges. This analysis will enable system expansion or improvement planning to meet future energy demands.

Innovation districts as strategic urban projects: the emergence of strategic spatial planning for urban innovation

ABSTRACT This paper contributes to the emerging research on innovation districts (IDs) by conceptualizing them as strategic urban projects. IDs connect innovative activities to their spatial foundations and thus provide a territorial framework for strategic spatial planning efforts. The extant literature on IDs, focusing mainly on ID characteristics and placemaking, has failed to acknowledge that ID development requires an integrated planning approach to realize the so-called new union between form and function, which is often executed via strategic urban projects. Integrated planning, as discussed in the literature on strategic spatial planning, emphasizes coordination both between a range of stakeholder interests and between administrative sectors and spatial scales. This, in turn, is often rooted in path-dependent connections between diverse sectors and organizations. A case study examines the gradual adoption of the new strategic planning approach while the Turku Science Park area in the city of Turku, Finland, was being transformed into an ID. It demonstrates the rise of a new integrated rationale in contemporary urban planning and economic development, one that strategically envisions a spatial form for economic development objectives. The case offers lessons for academic and policy debates on ID development, underscoring competence building in strategic spatial planning.

The Challenge of Integrating Behavioral Health Care in Assisted Living Facilities

Residents of Assisted Living Facilities (ALFs) often experience a range of psychiatric disorders and behavioral symptoms, the usual care for which is marked by fragmentation from medical care, overreliance on Emergency Department visits and psychiatric hospitalizations, and variable collaboration between clinical and facility staff. Given the high and increasing burden of mental illness and cognitive disorders among ALF residents and the growth of Assisted Living industry, there is a considerable need for the integration of high-quality behavioral health care into Assisted Living and Memory Care facility settings. Geriatric mental health workforce shortages demand innovative solutions in order to embed and scale this clinical expertise in communities whose design may lack clinical infrastructure. Existing attempts to address these challenges are marked by heterogeneity and a lack of high-quality evidence.This presentation will describe two different models of the integration of behavioral health care into Assisted Living Facilities and the strategic planning approaches to their development. First, we will present the development and implementation of a Behavioral Health program for ALF-residing patients of ConcertoCare, an innovative risk-bearing in-home and virtual healthcare provider offering interdisciplinary care to geriatric patients across the US. Next, we will discuss a model of embedding a geriatric psychiatrist and neuropsychologist from an academic medical center into a for-profit memory care facility, including the process of forming the business and care models. Both presentations will address challenges and strategies of approaches to clinical care, management of staff, patients, and families, and implementation of behavioral assessments and interventions. Also discussed will be future opportunities including scalability and need for further research into best practices.

Analyzing the Borderlands: A Regional Report on the Colombia–Ecuador Border on Political, Economic, Social, Legal, and Environment Aspects

This regional report critically analyzes the historical Colombia–Ecuador border issues using a PESL (political, economic, social, and legal) lens, extended in PESTLE, considering this a strategic planning approach, which includes the additional aspects of Legal and Environmental. Most studies of this region focus on terror, drug trafficking, and illegal border crossing, but other problems in this region remain understudied. Our review shows that, apart from the political issues, some social (gender-based violence), economic (unemployment), and legal issues (forced illicit activities) are prevalent in this border region. Mutual effective measures and policy actions are recommended to both the Colombian and Ecuadorian governments to improve border security issues, enhance economic activities, and mitigate social and environmental losses.

Freight-on-Transit for urban last-mile deliveries: A strategic planning approach

We study a delivery strategy for last-mile deliveries in urban areas which combines freight transportation with mass mobility systems with the goal of creating synergies contrasting negative externalities caused by transportation. The idea is to use the residual capacity on public transport means for moving freight within the city. In particular, the system is such that parcels are first transported from origins (central distribution centers) to drop-in stations, which are stop locations on public vehicle itineraries. Then, they are transported on public vehicles to drop-out stations, from where they are delivered to destination by green vehicles (such as bikes, drones, porters, etc.). The system is known as Freight-On-Transit (FOT). In this paper, we focus on the strategic decisions related to defining the public transportation network that will take part in the delivery system, i.e., which public vehicle lines and stop locations will be included (and thus equipped for the service). We propose different formulations for the problem and effective heuristic solution approaches based on column generation. We perform exhaustive tests aimed at providing managerial insights on the performance and the efficiency of the system.

A participatory approach for building ex ante impact pathways towards a prudent use of antimicrobials in pig and poultry sectors in France.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global public health threat responsible for 700,000 deaths per year worldwide. There is scientific evidence of the causal relationship between antimicrobial use (AMU) along the food chain and AMR. Improving AMU in livestock is therefore a key component in the fight against AMR. To improve AMU in livestock, there is no one-size-fits-all solution and strategies must be context-adapted and socially acceptable for actors in order to increase AMU sustainability. AMU decision-making is based on an interdependent set of economic, behavioral, ethical, and cultural factors that need to be assessed to advise on the potential impacts of measures. We hypothesized that a participatory strategic planning approach may increase the plausibility and the efficacy of the strategies formulated by facilitating the dialogue between actors of diverse backgrounds, stimulating innovative thinking and constant considerations of contextual factors, actors and impacts. We adapted and applied the ImpresS ex ante approach (IMPact in reSearch in the South, https://impress-impact-recherche.cirad.fr/) within a Living Lab engaging actors from the French pig and poultry sectors in co-creation of innovative strategies towards improved AMU. We conducted semi-structured interviews and participatory workshops between April 2021 and March 2022. The results describe 1) an initial diagnosis of the current AMU situation in the pig and poultry sectors in France; 2) a common vision of the future to which participants would like to contribute through the intervention; 3) an identification of the current problems opposed to this vision of the future; 4) a defined scope of the intervention; 5) a typology of actors protagonist or impacted by those issues and 6) outcome maps to solve a priority problem related to indicators and monitoring. This study provides recommendations for decision-makers on plausible and innovative strategies to sustainably improve AMU in pig and poultry sectors in France and evidence of the benefits of participatory strategic planning approaches.

FORMULASI STRATEGI, MANAJEMEN RISIKO DAN KINERJA ORGANISASI: STUDI EMPIRIS PADA UNIT VERTIKAL DIREKTORAT JENDERAL PAJAK DI JAKARTA

This study aims to analyze the effect of strategy formulation consisting of three variables, namely: strategic planning, logical incrementalism and blending approach to organizational performance with risk management effectiveness as a moderating variable at 71 Vertical Units of the Directorate General of Taxes (DGT) in Jakarta. This study uses primary data and secondary data. Primary data were obtained from distributing questionnaires to measure variables related to strategy formulation, while secondary data were used to measure the variables of risk management effectiveness and organizational performance. The data obtained were analyzed with the help of SPSS 22 and WarpPLS 5.0 applications. Based on the results of the analysis, it was concluded that two variables related to strategy formulation, namely strategic planning and blending approach, had a significant positive effect on organizational performance, while the other variable, that is logical incrementalism, had a significant negative effect on organizational performance. In addition, the effectiveness of risk management does not significantly affect the relationship between strategic planning, logical incrementalism and blending approach to organizational performance.

Political determinants in the strategic planning formulation of smart initiatives

Governments increasingly promote the adoption of smart initiatives based on the intensive use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) to face urban challenges and improve the quality of life of citizens. Multiple styles of smart initiatives have been developed, depending on the government leadership, the level of participation, collaboration, and involvement of stakeholders and institutions in public decision-taking processes. In this respect, this paper identifies patterns of public strategies in their strategic planning approaches focused on political attributes, analysing 1635 smart initiatives disclosed on internet by 12 Spanish Smart Cities. Findings reveals that formal strategic planning is mainly performed in Smart Cities with conservative and coalition governments and where the predominant scope of strategy is global.

Planning for craft breweries: neolocalism, third places and gentrification

ABSTRACT The majority of the province of Saskatchewan’s craft breweries are housed in the two largest cities, Saskatoon and Regina. Current planning practices in both cities direct breweries to limited geographies in central established areas. I argue that the extent to which craft breweries play a role in processes of gentrification in mid-sized cities is directly tied to planning practices which regulate the geography of craft beer. In order to assess the potential for gentrification, I focus on neolocalism and third places, two consumption practices which shift the image and identity of a space, and which are intertwined with processes of urban change. Drawing together an analysis of community plans, zoning bylaws, local media, site observation, and brewery websites, I demonstrate how in the case of Saskatoon and Regina, strategic planning approaches aimed at increasing intensification in the central areas, coupled with regulations directing breweries into limited zones, has positioned craft breweries as agents of urban change. The findings suggest that craft breweries that display strong neolocal practices and develop third places are the most likely to trigger/extend gentrification. These breweries are typically located in close proximity to residential zones with consumption as a primary focus (taprooms, tasting rooms, in-house restaurants).

Lack of Resilience in the Integrated Coastal Zone Management and the Regional Strategic Plans in Egypt's Northwest Coast Region

This paper discusses the missing resilience issues between the activities of both the integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) and the regional strategic planning (RSP) approaches when dealing with the coastal region's issues through an applied study on the Northwest Coast region of Egypt overlooking the Mediterranean Sea. The resilience between these two approaches aims to save the effort, time, and money needed for preparing both ICZM initiatives and RSP projects by literature reviews, analyzing the current situation, evaluating the national institutions' tasks, and the comparative study between the methodological frameworks of both approaches in the study area, it was discovered that there were no effective mechanisms among institutions. Moreover, there were some conflicts between the current regulations and laws. In addition, the difference between the coastal units and regional levels caused the differences in the methodological frameworks, although, there are some similarities and variations in their activities. This resilience concept may be helpful for decision-makers, ICZM teamwork, but it has special importance for urban planners to develop the methodological phases and activities of the regional planning approach in a balanced manner, to deal with the devolving requirements and the coastal issues achieving resilience between the activities of the Integrated Coastal Zone Management, Regional Strategic Plans (RSP) and sustainable development in the application of Egypt's North West Coast Region overlooking the Mediterranean Sea.

Technology pathways for industrial cogeneration systems: Optimal investment planning considering long-term trends

Cogeneration plants appear highly attractive for industrial companies as production sites typically combine demands for electricity, heating, and cooling. However, gas-fired cogeneration might become economically less attractive with further increasing carbon prices and companies’ commitment to decarbonization targets. This paper proposes a methodology to determine technology pathways from an optimization model. Technology pathways describe the evolution of an energy supply system over a multi-decade planning horizon. Therefore, projected long-term trends are integrated into the decision-making process for energy supply infrastructure. Three investment strategies are compared regarding their accuracy and computational complexity. The methodology is illustrated for industrial sites from dairy, pharmaceutical and automotive industry in Southern Germany. Results highlight the advantages of technology pathways compared to optimization approaches based on a representative year. A strategic planning approach identifies optimal decarbonization pathways with economic saving potentials of up to 20 %. For most of the considered case studies, a sequential decision approach with a rolling horizon heuristic yields similar results in 89 % less solving time.

The Cognitive Micro‐foundations, and Socio‐psychological Mechanisms, of Organizational Decision‐Making in Public Management

AbstractHow do cognitive micro‐foundations impact organizational decision‐making in public management? The study focuses on the relationships between two cognitive micro‐processes (intuitive, type I and rational, type II) and the contrasting organizational decision‐making approaches of strategic planning and organizational spontaneity. Drawing on survey data from managers working across a range of public services in Brazil, the findings reveal that rational reasoning drives both approaches to organizational decision‐making. Intuitive reasoning, on the other hand, is observed to drive strategic planning only. Two socio‐psychological mechanisms moderate the core relationships: bureaucracy strengthens the rational reasoning–planning relationship, but weakens the intuitive reasoning–spontaneity relationship, while organizational learning plays a critical role in activating the intuitive reasoning–organizational spontaneity relationship. Post‐hoc analysis of variance reveals a group of public service organizations that rely heavily on both decision‐making modes and highlights the core features enabling paradoxical decision‐making.

Dynamic strategic planning: A hybrid approach based on logarithmic regression, system dynamics, Game Theory and Fuzzy Inference System (Case study Steel Industry)

In this paper we propose a hybrid approach for Dynamic Strategic Planning in the steel industry. We have assumed demand, supply and price as main sub-systems. The interactions among the sub-systems are analyzed through multiple logarithmic regression analysis supported by historical data-base. We use three static and four dynamic scenarios using the leader-follower and coalition game theory paradigm to simulate using system dynamic. The generated simulated data, i.e., initial parameters as inputs, and independent variables as outputs, are used to mine the fuzzy rules of a fuzzy inference system (FIS) to estimate the future behavior of the system. The FIS is used to conduct the most probable cases in the market. The most likely strategy on the basis of long-term behavior of the market, i.e., the average case, is determined. Implementation of the average strategy which comes from the dynamic nature of the parameters, variables, casual loops, system dynamics, game theory, and fuzzy inference system in long-term is reliable. Short-term noises cannot put meaningful impact on the results, as all of them are considered in the procedure of proposed dynamic strategic planning. The whole framework has been applied on a real case study in the steel market.