Approaches In Public Administration Research Articles

KAMU YÖNETİMİ YAKLAŞIMLARININ KARŞILAŞTIRMALI ANALİZİ

It is unthinkable that public administration which is public service mechanism remains independent of the recent developments. Developments occurring in other sectors especially in economics, politics, technology, and social life have a profound impact on the public administration. Traditional public administration approach that has shown the impact on public administration of developed and developing countries for many years remained inadequate in the face of changes in specified sectors, and it was forced to leave its place to the new public management approach. The new public management approach has been effective from the 1980s and the 2000s. After this period, the approach criticized and left its place to the new approach called new public service. In this study, a comparative analysis of the issues put forward by the public administration approaches and the points being separated from each other be done in line with developments.

A Study on the Structuralist Approach in Public Administration: In Relation to the Consciousness Structure of the Saemaul Leaders in 1970s and its Transformation

A Study on the Structuralist Approach in Public Administration: In Relation to the Consciousness Structure of the Saemaul Leaders in 1970s and its Transformation

Regional Peculiarities of Gender Policy in the Republic of Belarus

The essence of the state gender policy at the present stage in the Republic of Belarus is substantiated. The regional peculiarities of the implementation of the state program document «The National Plan of Action for Ensuring Gender Equality for 2017-2020» are disclosed. The experience of designing a regional plan for the implementation of the state gender policy of the Minsk City Executive Committee for 2017-2020 is shown on the example of the Academy of Management under the President of the Republic of Belarus. In the broad sense, gender policy is understood as one of the strategic directions of social policy. At the same time, gender policy is aimed at overcoming discrimination based on gender, gender asymmetry in the sphere of power relations, gender imbalance in the labor market, employment. Gender policy in the context of international legislative acts takes into account the national identity, the features of the political system, and the socio-economic development of a concrete state. With all existing differences, gender policy in its narrow meaning is a purposeful, dynamic, adaptive process of public administration, regulation, coordination, control in the sphere of gender relations on three bases: political doctrine; state ideology; program priorities and values of gender equality. The interdisciplinarity of gender policy integrates it with other areas of social policy. Thus, gender policy is implicit in goals, the content of state family policy, demographic, educational, youth, protection of maternity and childhood . Formation and implementation of gender policy is based on analysis, interpretation of statistical data (social policy directions), which are disaggregated by sex, in the dynamics of indicators. Based on the UN used methodology, taking into account the national specifics of the Belarusian society, has been created relevant gender statistics and it is developing as an information resource for decision-making. Gender statistics in Belarus are used by authorities, practitioners-managers and scientists. Practice confirms that the use of a gender approach in public administration contributes to the procuring of the women rights, freedoms, and opportunities. It increases their social and political statuses both within societal institutions and at the state level. Conversely, ignoring the gender factor can be devastating for society and its institutions.

NASPAA: The Public Administration Process and Approach Toward Accreditation

In this article, I explore the NASPAA public administration approach to accreditation and its suitability for accrediting higher education content that focuses on nonprofits and philanthropy. Several factors suggest that the NASPAA public administration approach can serve nonprofit and philanthropy programs well, including its focus on public service values, status as professional accreditor, focus on educating programs for success, and its extensive use of peer review. Resource constraints pose challenges for any accreditation approach, and these are amplified by a rising culture of assessment within institutions and by increased faculty responsibilities. Although separate accreditation through NASPAA for a nonprofit or philanthropy specialization is untenable at this time, there is promise in considering the essential nature of nonprofit and philanthropy content in graduate degrees that focus on public service under the public administration umbrella of public service.

Governance Dynamics and the Application of the Multilevel Governance Approach in Vocational Education and Training (VET) in the European Neighbourhood Countries: the case of the ENPI South region

AbstractThis article analyses moves towards good multilevel governance approaches in Vocational Education and Training (VET) as an effective way to improve VET policy making in transition and developing countries, focusing on the Southern Neighbourhood of the EU (ENPI South). The centralised approaches in public administration and to VET governance still prevail in this region.The new modes of governance applied by the EU in the policy area of education and training are based on the Open Method of Coordination (OMC). They are a source of inspiration to improve VET governance, taking into account the complexity of VET policies and systems. According to current European and international experiences, the most effective, relevant and attractive VET models and systems are demand‐driven. They rely on the effective and accountable participation of both state (national/local public actors) and non‐state VET stakeholders (e.g. employers, sectoral actors, unions) in decision‐making and policy implementation processes. This could also pave the way towards self‐governed and performance‐based VET provider institutions which would give quicker responses to rapidly changing labour market skills, competences and qualification needs. Thus, this means putting in practice more and better inclusion and effective cooperation and coordination of regional and local voices of VET actors and developing stronger social partnerships to engage employers, unions and civil society in shaping and investing in skills development.Furthermore, the role of methodological tools for VET governance is not only to provide an analytical ground to capture data and structure further policy advice. These tools can also be used as ice‐breakers to improve collaboration, inclusiveness, multi‐participation and trust‐building among policy makers as they work together on very sensitive issues such as reviewing country VET governance models, modes and institutional arrangements, and/or planning policy thinking and/or learning for implementing coordination mechanisms for VET policy making. The European Training Foundation (ETF) has implemented a methodology to map, analyse and self‐assess good multilevel governance in VET, inspired by how EU governance soft tools in education and training are being used. This methodology has been applied to the Governance for Employability in the Mediterranean (GEMM) project in the ENPI South region, which is a regional project implemented by the ETF and financed by the European Commission's Directorate General for Neighbourhood and Enlargements Negotiations (NEAR).

ISSUES AND PERSPECTIVES OF USING PROJECT-ORIENTED APPROACH IN THE RUSSIAN ARCTIC DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT POLICY

Summarized are fi ndings of the research study “Special-purpose program management of comprehensive development of the Arctic area of the Russian Federation”) based on systems methodology, partially published in 2014-2015 and funded by the Russian Science Foundation. The fi ndings above include substantiation of the uniqueness of the Arctic area of the Russian Federation as an object of public administration and public policy and that of the program of comprehensive development of this area as the Russian Arctic area redevelopment megaproject. The study outcomes also involve: analysis and assessment of the key substantive components and two implementation phases of the program above; analysis and substantiation of the specifi city of using project-oriented approach in the practice of special-purpose program management of development of the Arctic area of the Russian Federation. Briefl y discussed are and evaluation provided of the experiences of using projectoriented approach in practical public administration and public policy in Russia. The key fi nding of the paper, valuable for substantiation of the organizational system and practical issues of the policy above – effi ciency of the megaproject of the region's redevelopment is signifi cantly precipitated by eff ective application of the special-purpose program management approach to the development policy for the Arctic area of the Russian Federation. Within this context the area above is interpreted as a unique and integrated object of the public policy while coordination of every policy actor relies on the shared (single) target of the megaproject and economic, social and infrastructural ties both historically established and those specially designed and organized to implement this megaproject.

Rethinking Punctuated Equilibrium Theory: A Public Administration Approach to Budgetary Changes

What stimulates policy change in organizations? Punctuated equilibrium theory (PET) posits that over time policy moves slowly, but also experiences large, rapid changes. Explanations for punctuations have centered on institutional friction and disproportionate information processing. Lacking in PET literature is a theoretical understanding of policy change aside from structural and cognitive limitations. Other organizational features can create friction to slow or accelerate the policy process. This study utilizes both public policy and public administration theory by applying a public administration approach to studying budgetary change. Leveraging this approach, this work analyzes the pattern and explanations of budgetary changes. Centering on two concepts understudied in PET literature—policy feedback and endogenous organizational change—data from hundreds of organizations are used to demonstrate how organization performance and personnel instability contribute to budgetary changes for core organization activity. Results indicate that high levels of performance and low levels of personnel instability lead to incremental changes.

Land-Use Planning and Public Administration in Bavaria, Germany: Towards A Public Administration Approach To Land-Use Planning

Land-Use Planning and Public Administration in Bavaria, Germany: Towards A Public Administration Approach To Land-Use Planning

On Limitations and Failures of the Scientific Management Approach in Public Administration

This paper represents the series of working papers for RANEPA Master of Global Public Policy academic programme. In this essay the application of the Tailor's scientific management approcah for public administration discussed. Author uses pro- and contra- argumentation and apply to the proceedings of the US-leading thinkers in the foield of public policy.

Governance tools in public administration and emergent trends: Contracting, citizen participation, and networks

Fragmented and complex nature of contemporary public policy problems require governments to change their traditional public administration approaches and force public administrators to provide involvement of all actors such as private firms, non-profit organizations, and citizens in policy making and implementation. In this diverse policy environment, using governance tools such as contracting out some public services, building networks, and establishing citizen participation mechanisms are considered as essential components of this new approach. Public administrators should not act as the only problem solver, but they should be facilitators in collaborative problem solving to mobilize the other actors. Along with the benefits of using these tools, there are some challenges for public administrators. Considering these difficulties, appropriate use of these tools provides public administrators to effectively address contemporary complex problems such as terrorism, drug abuse, emergency management, and healthcare crisis.

Public administration approach

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to define the problem and to initiate discussion on library evaluation as significant part of institutional evidence-based management from public administration approach.Design/methodology/approach– In order to fulfilling the purpose, special attention to present the concepts of valuing information, library performance evaluation, measurement, etc. is drawn, main evaluation functions are analysed. Economic aspects of information services vs intellectual ones are discussed. Consistent patterns and principles of public administration as well as possibilities of public administration influence in creation of systematic base of library performance evaluation as well as of information services impact to the user are analysed.Findings– The paper provides insights about different aspects of information services evaluation. Results of analysis of economic aspects of information services vs intellectual ones are presented, consistent patterns and principles of public administration, possibilities of public administration influence in creation of systematic base of library performance evaluation as well as of information services impact to the user possibilities are presented.Originality/value– The paper fulfills need to study how public administration could involve library evaluation as tool for evidence-based decision making.

Public Value Governance: Moving Beyond Traditional Public Administration and the New Public Management

A new public administration movement is emerging to move beyond traditional public administration and New Public Management. The new movement is a response to the challenges of a networked, multisector, no‐one‐wholly‐in‐charge world and to the shortcomings of previous public administration approaches. In the new approach, values beyond efficiency and effectiveness—and especially democratic values—are prominent. Government has a special role to play as a guarantor of public values, but citizens as well as businesses and nonprofit organizations are also important as active public problem solvers. The article highlights value‐related issues in the new approach and presents an agenda for research and action to be pursued if the new approach is to fulfill its promise.

Public Services in a ‘Postdemocratic Age’: An Alternative Framework to Network Governance

This paper questions the continued dominance of the network governance approach in public policy and administration and proposes an alternative framework. We find little evidence to support claims for a paradigmatic shift towards network governance in the English case. Neither does the evidence support claims for a weakening of vertical linkages or a strengthening of horizontal linkages within, or across, service delivery chains in England. Instead, bureaucratic and hierarchical structures remain pervasive and power remains highly centralised. The two case studies, of economic development and affordable housing provision, demonstrate how reforms are driven by elected politicians' political objectives and their support of various target groups in society. Nevertheless, policy making is constrained by conditions of ‘postdemocracy’—essentially, the exigencies of contemporary electoral politics and the pervasive influence of business. The study of public administration and management needs to refocus on the implications for the public services of postdemocracy and address critical questions of power, competing interests, mechanisms of exclusion and inclusion, and contested claims to knowledge and expertise within service delivery chains.

Performance audit analysis done by the national audit office of Lithuania

Performance audit is identified as one of the relatively newly developed type of audit, in which the reactivation of research was observed only in the twentieth century. The need to analyse and develop a new type of audit is associated with the changes occurred and on-going in business and public administration, and also with other factors such as social, political, economic, technological changes and other.
 Evaluation and improvement of entities becomes more and more important and substantial in accordance with the development of a new approach in public sector, public administration and asset management. The definition and implementation of the new public management paradigm has influenced this process as well. In light of new circumstances the importance of evaluation performance audit is growing rapidly.
 This paper briefly summarizes and evaluates the theoretical basis of the performance audit, the reasons for the performance audit examination, importance of improvement and adaptation of analysis. 
 Particular attention was given to performance audit analysis which was done by the National Audit Office of Lithuania. The purpose of the paper is to examine performance reports published by the National Audit Office of Lithuania and statistic data for 2010-2012. Survey was conducted in accordance with the composition of performance audits operational process of auditing and the performance audits timeframe trend.
 The study revealed that in 2010 year was performed 41 percent of all conducted performance audits in 2010-2012 year, while in 2011 and 2012 – 29,5 percent. It was also found that over 54 percent of performance audits were conducted with pre-and main studies. Mainly performance audit conducted with pre-and main studies were in 2012 year and reached 68,2 percent from all conducted performance audits that year. The lowest rate was in 2010 year and it reached 46,7 percent from all conducted performance audits. Analysis of the performance audits conducted with pre-and main stages according to duration of each stage showed that time off each stage fulfilment has grown during the period of 2010-2012. Analysis of pre-stage period showed that it has increased by 8,3 percent from 2010 to 2012, without consideration of the reporting time. The reporting time after a preliminary investigation grew by 14,3 percent, main study fulfilment period increased by 26,8 percent, and reporting time after the main study – 2,6 percent.

Gobernanza en la administración pública. Revisión teórica y propuesta conceptual

El objetivo de este trabajo es la búsqueda de la definición del término gobernanza y, por extensión, de la gobernanza metropolitana (metropolítica) en la teoría de la administración pública. En esta búsqueda se encontró que hay varias definiciones de gobernanza que sólo tienen sentido desde sus distintos enfoques de la administración pública. Se concluye que una buena gobernanza, de cualquier manera como se le defina en administración pública, puede favorecer situaciones indeseables (paradoja de la circularidad de las intenciones). Este escrito explica esta posible contradicción ubicando a los enfoques revisados y al cuerpo conceptual propuesto en el marco del ejercicio y las fuentes de poder.

Reciprocal accountability

PurposeThis paper attempts to replace the understanding of public sector accountability as a linear and hierarchical process with one in which accountability occurs within a network of social relationships. It associates the former approach with the introduction of New Public Management principles in Australian public administration. It investigates the effect of this on the ability of Australia's indigenous people both to access democratic accountability as citizens, and to develop their community organisations as service providers.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is based on field experience with aboriginal community organisations and critical assessment of the literature on this aspect of Australian public administration.FindingsThe paper finds that New Public Management approaches in Australian public administration have not led to greater political accountability but the reverse. As a disadvantaged, culturally distinct minority, aboriginal people are the subject of, rather than partners in, accountability regimes which mire their community service organisations in reporting requirements at the expense of practical activity. In some respects Aborigines are dealt with as individual citizen/clients, at other times as a disadvantaged minority group, and third, as culturally distinct polities. Each of these approaches implies different forms of accountability both by Aborigines to the state and by the state to them.Research limitations/implicationsThis analysis is inherently interpretative rather than exclusively empirical. However, greater efficiency as well as culturally appropriate outcomes can be found by instituting regional regimes of reciprocal accountability.Originality/valueThe analysis of developments in public administration is rarely brought to bear on Australian indigenous affairs.

The Public Administration of Elections

The performance of election systems in the United States depends heavily on complex networks of people, tasks, organizations, and relationships, as well as the voting technology that has received so much attention since the presidential election of 2000. Public administration has much to contribute to our understanding of these systems. This article provides an overview of the field, highlighting linkages to theoretical approaches in public administration and emphasizing the importance of management in a brief case study.

Frederick Thayer and the Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere

A year after his death, this article provides the first critical analysis and overview of the work of Frederick Thayer. It argues that in the contemporary context of governance, Thayer's work is more relevant than ever, but that a set of problems—including the apparent simplicity of Thayer's assault on hierarchy, his frequently bombastic prose, and the foundational nature of his critique—impede the field's engagement with his work. The article contends that Thayer's work is more nuanced and methodical than it may appear and offers important avenues for confronting some of the field's most persistent theoretical and practical problems. Perhaps most important, Thayer's work lucidly illustrates the field's misunderstanding of process theory as an account of change. As such, Thayer turns us unwittingly into a theoretical cul-de-sac that undercuts any real possibility for action and movement toward the very world for which he hoped. This has important implications for critical approaches in public administration.

Public Management and the Public Good: The Case of Oklahoma's 2002 Secondhand Tobacco Smoke Rules

New Public Management and classical public administration theory posit that internal administrative practices based on market principles, including economy and efficiency, will increase the public good through more effective delivery of public services. However, classical public administration theory views bureaucrats as neutral functionaries in a top‐down hierarchy while New Public Management calls for empowered agency entrepreneurs implementing economy and efficiency measures. Research from 1987 to 2003 on Oklahoma secondhand tobacco smoke regulation indicates that real administrative progress in secondhand tobacco smoke restrictions that enhance public health did not occur until 2002 when an Oklahoma health commissioner's aggressive political campaign, initiated through rationalistic internal agency emergency rules, resulted in smoke‐free public and workplaces. This action—which resulted in more effective regulation of secondhand tobacco smoke—was not principally because of an internal New Public Management or classical public administration approach but mainly through a highly public outsider political and administrative process.

Regulatory Design for Scientific Uncertainty: Acknowledging the Diversity of Approaches in Environmental Regulation and Public Administration

Environmental regulatory design addresses scientific uncertainty through a range of regulatory design tools. The seven approaches identified and considered in this article are termed (1) the acknowledgement of scientific uncertainty (2) the burden shifting approach (3) the ‘sound science’ approach (4) the consequences approach (5) the consensus approach (6) the estimation approach and (7) the adaptive management approach. Analysis of some common environmental legislative frameworks suggests that, rather than occurring in isolation, these seven approaches are frequently incorporated into legislative regimes in a multitude of combinations. The article also highlights the implications of expressly embedding a precautionary approach within pre-existing environmental regulatory frameworks, such as has occurred within Australian environmental regimes. Finally, the article explores the advantages and disadvantages of each approach and the various circumstances that favour the adoption of a particular regulatory approach to scientific uncertainty. In doing so, it suggests an agenda for future empirical research on approaches to regulatory design for scientific uncertainty.