Systems Approach Research Articles

Impacts on water quality of producing biogas on pig farms as a function of the associated agricultural practices

The aim of this study was to assess positive or negative impacts of anaerobic digestion (AD) on water quality using a systemic approach. To this end, we used the agro-hydrological model Topography-based Nitrogen Transfer and Transformation (TNT2), a spatially explicit model that simulates nitrogen and water flows at the watershed scale on a daily time step. Four scenarios were constructed and analyzed: a baseline before the introduction of AD (S0), AD with adjusted fertilization (S1), AD with unadjusted fertilization (S2), and agroecological AD (S3). The results showed that, when spreading practices were similar and an equivalent amount of effective nitrogen was applied, digested pig slurry generally had a predicted amount of nitrate leaching similar to that of undigested pig slurry. In addition, replacing catch crops with energy cover crops had little impact on water quality. Scenario S3 was the most favorable one for water quality and biogas production, but not for soil organic nitrogen storage and food and feed production. This study’s strength is its systemic approach, which considered both environmental and agronomic aspects to assess the scenarios.

Development of a Software Package Architecture for Simulation and Prototyping of Radar Systems and Complexes

Introduction. Computer simulation and prototyping software can simplify the design process of complex information and measurement systems significantly, including radar systems and complexes. At present, a number of software packages are used to solve these problems to varying degrees. However, these software packages are either versatile, thus being incapable of taking the specifics of radar operation into account and requiring hand-made implementation of mathematical models for simulating radar signals, or are aimed at a narrow range of prototyping problems and algorithm development for processing radar information for a strictly defined radar type (or even a specific model). Some software packages, such as MATLAB, offer extension packages that allow radar signal simulation for automotive radars, as well as radar signal processing; however, these packages cannot cover the full range of simulation and prototyping tasks.Aim. Analysis of current software packages for simulation and prototyping of radar systems and complexes, justification of the demand and development of the concept and architecture of a software package for simulation and prototyping of radar systems and complexes.Materials and methods. Systems approach, architectural and conceptual software design, system analysis, criterion analysis. Results. The criteria that software packages for simulating and prototyping of radar systems and complexes must meet were determined. A comparative analysis of the existing approaches and software packages that solve problems arising at various stages of radar development was carried out. A list of requirements for such a software package was compiled, its concept and architecture was developed, and some features of its implementation were determined.Conclusion. The developed architecture allows creation of a versatile software package which could provide solutions to the problems of simulation and prototyping of radar systems and complexes using a single software package. The applied principles of modularity and decomposition ensure versatility and a high potential for adapting software modules, including for creating software for controlling radar prototypes and visualizing radar data in real time.

A Finding Aid of Archives: the Concept Content and Features of its Presentation on the Websites of Central State Archives of Ukraine

The aim of the article is to highlight the content of the concept “a finding aid” of archives, and peculiarities of its presentation on the websites of central state archives of Ukraine. Research methods: scientific analysis, synthesis, generalisation. The terminological analysis helps to clarify the essence of concepts related to the archive finding aid. Structural and systemic approaches allow to consider the finding aid of archives as a system of interconnected archival directories. The scientific novelty of this research lies in the fact that different definitions of the finding aid as a set of archival directories and an auxiliary element of any archival directory are revealed; the conducted analysis of the websites of the central state archives of Ukraine shows a number of shortcomings; recommendations regarding the presentation of the finding aid on the websites of the central state archives of Ukraine are offered. Main conclusions. The war in Ukraine and the optimisation of the system of central state archives led to their reduction (7 archives were created o ut of 9). Reducing the number of archives should improve the organisation of their websites, but we have to note the lack of standardisation in the presentation of the archives’ finding aid. The concept of “the finding aid” can be considered, firstly, as a set of archival directories in any form, and secondly, as an auxiliary element of any archival directory. The analysis of the websites of the central state archives of Ukraine proved the following: the absence of a unified representation of the finding aid apparatus on the websites; the dispersion of elements of the finding aid on the website; collections of archival documents often do not have an explanation of what kind of collection they are, as well as for what purpose they were created. Such a situation does not improve search capabilities of archive users, and makes it difficult to find the necessary information. In our opinion, it is necessary: to unify the presentation of the finding aid apparatus (to separate printed and electronic ones); submit short abstracts for document collections.

Overview of the Current Advancements and Trends in the Transungual Drug Delivery System

Background: Drug delivery across human nails is termed a transungual drug delivery system. It is recommended for the amelioration of nail disorders and infectious nail diseases like onychomycosis. Thereby, vivid anti-fungal regimens have been prescribed in the form of different types of formulations, including nail lacquers, nail film, nail paint, and other types for treating onychomycosis. Method: All the formulations currently marketed or being marketed for the transungal drug delivery system were thoroughly studied, compared, and evaluated for their advantages and disadvantages so that a new vision can be sustained along the path of creating newer anti-fungal transunguals, keeping in mind the anatomy of the nail and various parameters that govern bioavailability of active pharmaceutical ingredients across the nail bed. Accordingly, different techniques are devised to enhance permeation across the nail. The various parameters used to evaluate these formulations depend upon their physical, chemical, and mechanical properties. Conclusion: The recent approaches in transungual novel drug delivery systems have been reported while exemplifying a few patented and marketed formulations, along with the clinical trial status of these formulations. There is a need for the development of new techniques to overcome all the loopholes present in the ongoing treatment techniques and the formulations used nowadays for the treatments of diseases that occur in nails. After thoroughly detailing transungal novel drug delivery systems, we envisage great opportunities for the researchers to carry out novel work in chemotherapy through nails.

Vibrio neptunius-ULV11 cell-free supernatant as a promising antifouling approach in reverse osmosis systems

One of the most common problems observed in continuous operation of desalination plants, is the presence of biofouling in ultrafiltration (UF) modules and reverse osmosis membranes (ROMs), decreasing permeated water obtention and increasing energy consumption among other adverse effects. To solve this problem, desalination industry applied UF modules and ROMs cleaning procedures that aims to increase half-life operation time, however, many of the actual cleaning procedures are focused on the addition of chemical compounds that provokes secondary effects such as UF modules and ROMs disintegration leading to structural changes and a decrease in plant performance. Thus, new approaches to replace current cleaning compounds with new ecofriendly and less secondary effects technologies are necessary.In this study, we present a Vibrio neptunius strain ULV11 isolate, with a high capacity to remove fouling in RO systems. In detail, ULV11 cell-free supernatant (CFS) was used in replace of chemical agents as a cleaning solution according to standard operational protocol on 3-year-old membranes of continuous operation. The results showed that CFS can be used under operational conditions (such high pressure and flux) allowed us to recover permeate volumes similar to those observed in traditional chemical treatment with better conductivity. This recovery was accompanied by a reestablishment of membrane topology observed by atomic force microscopy and EPS remotion since concanavalin A signal trough confocal microscopy was decrease as compared with biofouling control.

An efficient implementation of three-level boost converter with capacitor voltage balancing for an advanced MPPT approach in PV Systems

Ensuring optimal extraction of power from photovoltaic (PV) systems under diverse climatic circumstances is a significant challenge, which requires an efficient Maximum Power Point (MPP) Tracking (MPPT) algorithm and an adequate conversion stage. Therefore, this paper proposes an advanced MPPT strategy implemented by a Three-Level Boost converter (TLB), which serves as the interface between the PV generator and the DC load, offering advantages such as reduced output voltage distortion, minimized inductor current ripple, and decreased switching losses. To achieve more accurate tracking, a robust voltage balance control across the TLB converter capacitors is also suggested. The proposed system is meticulously implemented and evaluated using MATLAB/Simulink, demonstrating its robust control capabilities in MPP tracking and voltage balancing across the TLB converter capacitors under diverse climatic scenarios. Furthermore, comparative analysis under various test circumstances including static and dynamic insolation conditions and sudden load variations, shows that the suggested MPPT algorithm offers noteworthy improvements over the InC algorithm. Additionally, a thorough comparison with existing research methods proves its effectiveness over these methods. The advanced MPPT strategy achieves a steady-state error of 0 W, an average tracking efficiency between 99.13 % and 99.44%, and fast-tracking velocity. Further, a comprehensive real-time evaluation using the cutting-edge RT-LAB platform confirms the consistency of the results with the simulation outputs, emphasizing the robustness and low implementation complexity of the overall proposed control strategy.

An effective parametric sensitivity analysis to improve electrical and thermal energy/exergy efficiency of PVT system using nanofluid

A 3D steady-state model of a photovoltaic/Thermal system with nanofluid is studied to investigate the electrical and thermal performance of PVT by utilizing a combination of statistical modeling and numerical simulation. The 3D CAD (Computer Aided Design) modeling of the photovoltaic thermal (PV/T) is performed using Ansys Space Claim. The current study is based on using a 2-way coupling FSI approach for modeling nanofluid-based PVT systems. Five output responses electrical power, thermal power, electrical exergy, thermal exergy, and entropy generation are chosen against four input parameters, solar radiation (G_sun), ambient temperature (Tamb), mass flow rate (ṁ), and nanoparticles concentration % (φ) to analyze system performance. A statistical prediction model is developed using response surface methodology (RSM) that starts from the design of experiment (DOE). The predicted outcomes obtained from the statistical model and the numerical simulation of the heat transfer model exhibit the existence of good fitness. Furthermore, optimization is performed using RSM for various optimization objectives to suggest the ideal design parameter values for optimal system performance. Sensitivity analysis illustrates that a rise in ambient temperature causes a drop in electrical power production and leads to an increase in thermal power. However, the increase in solar radiation boosts electrical power and causes a drop in thermal exergy, entropy generation increases with an increase in solar irradiation. Similarly, an increase in mass flow rate leads to an increase in thermal power. Multi-objective optimization with the highest composite desirability values depicts the influence of input design parameters and has a favorable effect on the objective of concurrently maximizing electrical and thermal power.

Dynamic assessment approach for intelligent power distribution systems based on runtime verification with requirements updates

The study aims to address the challenge of dynamic assessment in power systems by proposing a design scheme for an intelligent adaptive power distribution system based on runtime verification. The system architecture is built upon cloud–edge-end collaboration, enabling comprehensive monitoring and precise management of the power grid through coordinated efforts across different levels. Specifically, the study employs the adaptive observer approach, allowing dynamic adjustments to observers to reflect updates in requirements and ensure system reliability. This method covers both structural and parametric adjustments to specifications, including updating time protection conditions, updating events, and adding or removing responses. The results demonstrate that with the implementation of adaptive observers, the system becomes more flexible in responding to changes, significantly enhancing its level of efficiency. By employing dynamically changing verification specifications, the system achieves real-time and flexible verification. This research provides technical support for the safe, efficient, and reliable operation of electrical power distribution systems.

Selective scission of glucose molecule by a Pd-modulated Co-based catalyst for efficient CO2 reduction under mild conditions

Combining terrestrial biomass as the reductant with submarine-type hydrothermal environments for CO2 reduction represents a possible approach for novel energy production systems that sustainably circulate carbon. However, increasing the reductive power of biomass is the main limitation of this potential method. Herein, we demonstrate that Co-doped with small amounts of Pd enhances the reduction of CO2 by selectively producing an active intermediate from carbohydrates. This catalytic reaction utilized glucose as a reductant to achieve high formate production efficiency (458.6 g kg–1) with nearly 100% selectivity with 7.5 wt% Pd1Co20/γ–Al2O3 at a moderate temperature of 225 °C. The regulation of the electronic structure of the catalytic Co surface by the dopant Pd plays a key role in promoting the C–C bond cleavage of glucose and hydrogen transfer for CO2 reduction. The findings presented here indicate that biomass can serve as the hydrogen source for CO2 reduction and provide insight into the potential utilization of CO2 in sustainable industrial applications.

The Documentation System of a Motor Transport Enterprise as an Indicator of its Work

The aim of the article is to define and scientifically ground, using the example of documentation support for the activity of a motor transport enterprise, components of the institution’s documentation systems, to characterise their content, purpose, factors affecting them, to analyse internal relationships between documentation types. Research methods. Systemic and socio-communicative approaches are used in this research, which make it possible to ground subsystems of the company’s documentation, and determine the role of each of them. The application of modeling methods and the transition from the abstract to the concrete contributed to transforming general issues of the organisation’s documentation support to the construction of a concrete model of its documentation. Scientific novelty. This article represents the author’s view on the construction of subsystems of infrastructural and profile (by industry profile) documentation, which can take place in the documentation support of managing the institution on the example of a motor transport enterprise. The infrastructural documentation is presented as functional in order to ensure the management of the institution’s activities, that contains management, regulatory and legal systems and documentation regarding the computer networks operation, which serves both the general goals of the organisation’s management, and each of its activity area. The purpose of the components of the profile documentation, the factors affecting them, their components and the relationship between them are studied. Main conclusions. Based on the analysis of the components, a complex system of organisation documentation is elaborated, which allows to make reasonable management decisions, to form effective and operating management of documentation, including documentation support for the management of the enterprise, its material and technical supply, warehouse network. The results of this study can have practical application in all transport organisations when introducing and using the latest information technologies in documentation processes. Prospects for further research are the substantiation of theoretical foundations of constructing the components of industry documentation, exploration of characteristic features of their species and interspecies connections.

ESSENCE OF THE CONCEPT OF AN INDIVIDUAL EDUCATIONAL TRAJECTORY OF A STUDENT AT A UNIVERSITY

The modern higher education system is at the stage of active modernization of its internal structure as a whole, which is due to new, current requirements of the economic sphere and the state’s “social order” for the training of competitive specialists with developed transversal competencies and the ability to navigate in constantly changing conditions. The purpose of this article is to define the concept of “individual educational trajectory” and related categories; considering the advantages of using an individual educational trajectory in the educational process of higher education. To achieve this goal, leading methodological approaches were used, among which an important place is given to systemic, axiological, personality-oriented and reflexive approaches.

Role of Pharmacotherapy in Treatment of Meningiomas

Meningiomas constitute the most common primary tumors of the central nervous system. Despite maximum treatment, grade 2/3 meningiomas are associated with a high risk of recurrence. Stereotactic radiosurgery is the treatment of choice as adjuvant treatment for grade 2/3 meningiomas. Currently, pharmacotherapies, including molecular targeted therapy for various growth factors, their receptors, and the associated pathways, have shown limited effectiveness for management of refractory or recurrent meningiomas. Therefore, novel systemic treatment approaches are urgently required in such cases. Recent advances in genetics and epigenetics and the identification of specific genetic alterations have led to new classifications of these tumors and the development of therapeutic targets. Identification of targeted gene mutations may lead to precision-based medicine. Other therapeutic approaches such as immune checkpoint inhibitors rarely elicit a significant response in meningiomas with a high tumor mutation burden. Combination therapies that affect these multiple targets are also considered adjuvant therapeutic options. Comprehensive/in-depth research is warranted to investigate the safety and efficacy of other treatment strategies, including chimeric antigen receptor T-cells, oncolytic virus immunotherapy, and gene therapy. In this article, we review the current evidence regarding the efficacy of systemic treatments available in the literature and discuss recent and ongoing trials for meningiomas.

The Documentation System of a Motor Transport Enterprise as an Indicator of its Work

The aim of the article is to define and scientifically ground, using the example of documentation support for the activity of a motor transport enterprise, components of the institution’s documentation systems, to characterise their content, purpose, factors affecting them, to analyse internal relationships between documentation types. Research methods. Systemic and socio-communicative approaches are used in this research, which make it possible to ground subsystems of the company’s documentation, and determine the role of each of them. The application of modeling methods and the transition from the abstract to the concrete contributed to transforming general issues of the organisation’s documentation support to the construction of a concrete model of its documentation. Scientific novelty. This article represents the author’s view on the construction of subsystems of infrastructural and profile (by industry profile) documentation, which can take place in the documentation support of managing the institution on the example of a motor transport enterprise. The infrastructural documentation is presented as functional in order to ensure the management of the institution’s activities, that contains management, regulatory and legal systems and documentation regarding the computer networks operation, which serves both the general goals of the organisation’s management, and each of its activity area. The purpose of the components of the profile documentation, the factors affecting them, their components and the relationship between them are studied. Main conclusions. Based on the analysis of the components, a complex system of organisation documentation is elaborated, which allows to make reasonable management decisions, to form effective and operating management of documentation, including documentation support for the management of the enterprise, its material and technical supply, warehouse network. The results of this study can have practical application in all transport organisations when introducing and using the latest information technologies in documentation processes. Prospects for further research are the substantiation of theoretical foundations of constructing the components of industry documentation, exploration of characteristic features of their species and interspecies connections.

Implementation of economic and didactic opportunities of the educational university-based technology park in the training of engineers for the food industry

Introduction. With the advent of a new component in the system of continuous education – the children’s and youth leisure technology park (technopark) at engineering universities – the task arose to identify its niche in this system, to determine educational and mentoring opportunities. Research purposes are to determine the economic and didactic capabilities of university educational technology parks and to describe the principles of advanced education. Materials and methods. The research material was the activities of the technology park in the field of training personnel for the food industry. Systemic, personal, activity-based and axiological methodological approaches were used. Project-oriented learning and the research-based teaching method, collaboration technology, methods of collective and creative project activity, STEM education technologies, and collaborative learning were applied. Results. Leisure education in the technology park for schoolchildren with engineering inclinations is aimed at the students’ individual development in a creative team, project activities under the guidance of a mentor, demonstration of their scientific and technical achievements at international competitions, active search for their creative “I” and choice of direction for further professional development within the walls a specific university and an already chosen specialty. The technology park is also considered from the perspective of economic pedagogy. The “product” that the technology park offers is the skills of creative work, the ability to combine knowledge obtained from various fields of technical and technological sciences to generate new knowledge and create unique industries, i.e. as an intellectual “good” in the format of skills for its use and skills for ethical assessment of the results of future achievements (axiological aspect of training and education). STEM education technologies are optimally combined with the use of remote access laboratory installations for research, which makes it possible to conduct physical and chemical experiments in real time in real installations, remotely controlling the operation of the installation. This makes it possible to form a clear idea of natural phenomena and their role in technological processes. Conclusion. The creation of university-based technology parks is promising for the actively developing technology industry, it provides the opportunity to form a talented personnel reserve and develop environmental thinking.

Kazahsko-kitajskoe sotrudnichestvo v sfere energetiki

Being a full member of the international community, Kazakhstan contributes to ensuring geopolitical stability and international security. In this regard, the purpose of this article is to study the strategic interests of Kazakhstan and China based on scientific analysis, as well as new systemic approaches to optimizing cooperation between them, which affect national, bilateral and regional/international issues within the framework of economic development and geopolitics. Based on the study, recommendations will be presented for government agencies of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the field of energy policy and security of the country.

Short communication: Five ways UK European Capitals and cities of culture have connected cultural activities with nature and their impacts on health and wellbeing, wider determinants of health and inequality

ObjectiveTo rapidly synthesise evidence for local practice on what initiatives UK European Capitals and Cities of Culture (UKEUCoCs) have implemented connecting cultural activities with green, blue, or outdoor space (culture-nature initiatives) and their impacts on planetary health outcomes: personal health and wellbeing, wider determinants of health particularly the environment, and existing inequality. Study designRapid evidence review. MethodsA rapid review of published articles and evaluation reports. Published articles were identified through database searches (Proquest, OVID, Scopus, Web of Science, MEDLINE) in January–February 2024. Data was extracted directly into a table and findings synthesised narratively by theme. ResultsPublished evidence about UKEUCoC culture-nature initiatives was limited but five initiative types were identified: 1) growing-focused activities; 2) activities exploring human-nature relationships; 3) targeted nature-based wellbeing activities; 4) activities connecting cultural engagement with environmental activism; and 5) use of outdoor spaces for artworks, performances and festivals. UKEUCoC culture-nature initiatives may contribute to short-term improvements in mental health and wellbeing (confidence, self-esteem, subjective wellbeing), community health (community relations, civic pride), cultural participation, and local environmental quality and use, but risk widening existing inequalities. Co-creating initiatives at hyper-local levels with marginalised groups and trusted Community Champions, active involvement, and creating equitable access to livelihood opportunities may mitigate inequality risks. ConclusionsEvidence is limited but suggests UKEUCoC culture-nature initiatives could positively support planetary health outcomes in the short-term. Equity in these outcomes appears to rely however, on action to ensure the involvement of and sustainable livelihood creation for marginalised groups. It is unclear how outcomes are generated across the initiative types identified, including through interactions between them, where they are implemented. The five initiative types identified in this work could be targeted for further investigation in research and practice on culture-nature initiatives for health more generally, using a complex systems approach to evaluation.

Semi-Automatic Design of Dual-Band End-Fed Antennas for Digital Antenna Arrays

Introduction. The topic of implementing a dual-band mode of operation for director dipole antennas is represented by a wide range of works, almost all of which are dedicated to studying the properties of a classic dipole. However, the issue of end excitation of radiators for dual-band director antennas remains open. The development of such radiators requires a deep analysis both from the point of view of developing mathematical and electrodynamics models, which corresponds to the tactical and technical requirements of modern digital antenna arrays.Aim. To substantiate a procedure for determining the initial appearance of a dual-band antenna exciter from the standpoint of the systems approach to the design of antenna elements and nodes. This procedure is suitable for a semi-automated design of more complex antenna systems.Materials and methods. As part of the research, the input impedance of a dual-band system consisting of two active radiators and two passive directors was determined using the method of induced electromotive forces (EMF). Models of dual-band director radiators were developed using the CST Studio Suite 2021 full-wave electromagnetic simulation.Results. The results of developing procedures for a semi-automatic design of antennas with a dual-band function of input impedance are presented. Following a comparative analysis, approaches to implementing the printed layout of an antenna comprising standard radio engineering components, which imply serial production, are proposed.Conclusion. The proposed models can be used when designing director, turnstile, and cardioid antennas, as well as antenna arrays. These designs are analogous to antennas based on a classic central excited dipole.

A systems approach for characterizing human deep space mission anomaly response capabilities and functional constraints

Human exploration of Mars and beyond will demand unprecedented levels of onboard self-sufficiency due to the exceedingly far distances from Earth and lengthy mission durations. This paradigm shift will require the development of novel anomaly response architectures to protect future crews adequately from anomalies and failures. In this paper we outline and demonstrate a process to identify and evaluate key factors that affect the anomaly response process for deep space operations. It builds on established frameworks, illustrating how incredibly complex and interdependent this activity is. Relevant factors of the current state-of-the-art anomaly response were established through a literature review in combination with an established taxonomy process. These factors were then assessed for their Earth-reliance specific attributes through a case study. In this paper we have identified over 120 relevant anomaly response factors and developed a process that allows for identifying system capabilities that need to be integrated into future habitat designs to provide a minimum level self-sufficiency to protect crews from catastrophic outcomes stemming from communications delays and compounding co-dependency of factors. While this process was demonstrated using notional Mars mission constraints and evaluated against current ISS processes as the baseline, the outlined approach can be adapted for anomaly response designs that require different forms of system autonomy by modifying the relevant mission constraints and operational capability attributes accordingly.

Pendampingan Perencanaan Implementasi dan Evaluasi Program Kesehatan Bebas Anemia Remaja Berkarya

Health program planning was carried out to develop a mature and well-organized health plan to achieve predetermined health goals within a certain timeframe. Based on a systems approach, a survey through questionnaires, and determining priority problems through USG (Urgency, Seriousness, and Growth), the result obtained was that 84% of teenage girls at SMPN 41 Surabaya did not adhere to consuming Iron Deficiency Anemia tablets (TTD). Following that, a root cause analysis of the issue was conducted utilizing a fishbone diagram, and the main cause related to this problem was found, which was the absence of a routine schedule for TTD assistance. Hence, several alternative solutions were given priority based on the MEER method (Methodology, Effectiveness, Efficiency, and Relevance).. From this method, it was concluded that the selected solution that could be implemented was the provision of the "Bebas Anemia Remaja Berkarya" program with the highest score of 400. The implementation of this program increased the understanding of teenage girls at SMPN 41 Surabaya from pre-test to post-test by at least 70% of those present, as well as increasing the adherence to taking Iron Deficiency Anemia tablets by at least 70% of the teenage girls at SMPN 41 Surabaya who were present

디지털 영상 합성촬영 방법의 차이와 활용에 따른 영상 콘텐츠 분류의 목적과 방향성에 대한 고찰

This study aims to classify and define video content according to composite shooting methods to minimize confusion becauseXR and virtual production are used interchangeably in video content production sites without a distinction of terms.XR Studio (or Stage)—a video compositing system that combines the physical reality world with the digital virtual world—and Virtual Production are video compositing technologies that use the same software, rendering technology, real-time engines, and media technology systems that are synchronized to the LED wall. Communication at the video content production site is therefore unclear. Although XR Studio and Virtual Production are connected and may use some of the same technologies, they are ultimately separate entities. XR Studio and Virtual Production should be used separately,depending on the type of video content being produced. This study examines the similarities and differences in the technical approaches of XR and virtual production systems and presents a classification of video content according to the use of XR and virtual production.