Reasonable Approach Research Articles

8141 A Rare Case of Follicular Adenoma with Osseous Metaplasia and Mature Bone Formation- Is Surveillance Important?

Abstract Disclosure: K. Madani: None. Y. Al-Khazraji: None. D.H. Sacoto: None. G.K. Rai: None. R. Belokovskaya: None. A.A. Franco-Akel, MD: None. Osseous metaplasia and mature bone formation (MBF) are common in malignant thyroid and parathyroid tumors. It is very unusual to have MBF in a benign tumor-like follicular adenoma, as in the case we describe. We found only twelve such cases reported in the literature, and none addressed the cancer risk or need for surveillance for the development of potential malignancy. Thus, further studies are required to investigate the need for surveillance in patients not undergoing excision and in those with remnant thyroid tissue post-removal of the adenoma for recurrence. A 43-year-old female with history of hyperlipidemia and hypothyroidism had an incidental finding of midline neck mass during the evaluation of a left upper extremity lipoma. Ultrasound of the neck showed two nodules in the Left (L) thyroid lobe: a complex nodule measured 2.2 x 1.2 x 2.1 cm and a calcified nodule measuring 1.5 x 0.8 x 0.6 cm. MRI of the neck revealed a 1.9 cm heterogeneously enhancing nodule in the mid to lower pole of the L thyroid lobe. The patient had symptoms suggestive of compression, such as dysphagia, odynophagia, and hoarseness; thus, left hemothyroidectomy was performed. Tissue biopsy was notable for follicular adenoma with osseous metaplasia and mature bone formation. The patient remained clinically and biochemically euthyroid, with only mildly elevated thyrotropin level, and treatment with levothyroxine 25 mcg once daily was initiated. On post-surgical follow-up, there was a lack of data to support close monitoring modality and strategy for the remnant thyroid lobe and neck nodal compartments. We concluded with the patient to follow up in a clinical visit for a physical exam of the neck and to obtain a follow-up sonogram at an interval of six months, in addition to monitoring TSH levels to guide hypothyroidism therapy. Osseous metaplasia has not been established as a premalignant condition, but in certain tissues like the esophagus, metaplasia is a risk factor for malignant conversion, for instance, in Barrett’s esophagus leading to esophageal adenocarcinoma. Moreover, MBF in thyroid tissue has been attributed to the activity of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), which are linked with mitogenesis and tumorigenesis. Thus, the question arises if post-excision surveillance is required in patients with a history of osseous metaplasia in remnant thyroid tissue post-lobectomy or partial thyroidectomy. At this point, more epidemiological data on similar cases may help us understand the true risk of this clinical scenario, in order to develop a reasonable approach for surveillance. Presentation: 6/3/2024

Diabetic Papillopathy and Papillophlebitis

Diabetic papillopathy is a rare ocular finding in patients with diabetes mellitus. Optic disc edema accompanying minimal visual changes caused by diabetic papillopathy distinguishes it from other optic neuropathies. The pathophysiology of diabetic papillopathy is still not clearly understood. Patients with diabetic papillopathy tend to be asymptomatic, but they may present to the clinic with mild blurred vision. Diagnosis can be made by excluding other possible causes of optic disc swelling. Diabetic papillopathy is essentially a diagnosis of exclusion. For this reason, the differential diagnoses in these patients need to be well known. There are no proven treatment options for diabetic papillopathy. However, since these patients often recover on their own, following the patients without treatment seems to be a reasonable approach for now. Papillophlebitis is a rare condition look like as incomplete central retinal vein occlusion due to optic disc edema and hemorrhages at the disc edge. It typically occurs in young, healthy women with acute, painless unilateral vision loss or blurred vision, optic disc edema, and retinal vein engorgement. Diagnosis is made by excluding other possible causes. There is no evidence-based, accepted treatment method for papillophlebitis.

A reasonable approach to determine structural dimension of FDM fabricated orthopedic orthosis using finite element simulation and simple additive weighting method

A reasonable approach to determine structural dimension of FDM fabricated orthopedic orthosis using finite element simulation and simple additive weighting method

Encyclopædia Inflationaris: Opiparous Edition

The current flow of high-accuracy astrophysical data, among which are the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) measurements by the Planck satellite, offers an unprecedented opportunity to constrain the inflationary theory. This is however a challenging project given the size of the inflationary landscape which contains hundreds of different scenarios. Given that there is currently no observational evidence for primordial non-Gaussianities, isocurvature perturbations or any other non-minimal extension of the inflationary paradigm, a reasonable approach is to consider the simplest models first, namely the slow-roll single-field models with minimal kinetic terms. This still leaves us with a very populated landscape, the exploration of which requires new and efficient strategies. It has been customary to tackle this problem by means of approximate model-independent methods while a more ambitious alternative is to study the inflationary scenarios one by one. We have developed the publicly available runtime library ASPIC11https://github.com/cosmicinflation/aspic. to implement this last approach. The ASPIC code provides all routines needed to quickly derive reheating-consistent observable predictions within this class of scenarios. ASPIC has been designed as an evolutive code which presently supports 118 different models. In this paper, for each of the ASPIC models, we present and collect new results in a systematic manner, thereby constituting the first Encyclopædia Inflationaris.

Towards trustworthy AI for link prediction in supply chain knowledge graph: a neurosymbolic reasoning approach

Modern supply chains are complex and interlinked, resulting in increased network risk exposure for companies. Digital Supply Chain Surveillance (DSCS) has emerged as a practice to proactively monitor these risks. Within DSCS, link prediction, a particular task whose objective is to identify hidden relationships in the supply chain, has been increasingly studied in the literature. While many approaches have been proposed, machine learning (ML) based techniques have recently gained wider attention due to their state-of-the-art performance across different benchmark datasets. However, adoption of these technologies in practice remains difficult. Their black-box nature have resulted in a lack of trustworthiness among practitioners. In this paper, we design a trustworthy ML approach based on recent theoretical development in neurosymbolic AI methods that enables a more transparent learning and reasoning process. We find that our approach is not only on par with state-of-the-art black box models when tested in two benchmark datasets on the automotive and energy industry but also addresses research gaps on explainability and complexity analysis.

Determination of Inoue Balloon Size by Analysis of Mitral Valve Geometry Using Three-Dimensional Transesophageal Echocardiography in Patients with Mitral Stenosis

In percutaneous mitral balloon commissurotomy (PMBC) for patients with mitral stenosis (MS), the size of the balloon has traditionally been determined using a crude method based on the patient's height or body surface area. We aimed to evaluate the clinical value of balloon size selection by quantitatively analyzing mitral valve (MV) geometry using 3D transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). In 184 consecutive patients who underwent PMBC, the geometry of the MV annulus was analyzed during mid-diastole, including the measurement of lateral-medial diameters obtained from dedicated 3D software (LMD-3d) or from analysis using multiplanar reconstruction images (LMD-mpr). Patients were categorized into three groups: those with successful results after PMBC (SU group), those with residual mitral stenosis (MS, group), and those with significant MR (MR group). The SU, MS, and MR groups included 110, 50, and 17 patients, respectively. We compared three conventional formulas (Formula 1, 2, 3) based on the patient's height or body surface area with two new formulas derived from data in the SU group: balloon size = 0.0684 × LMD-3d + 24.309 (Formula 4) and 0.061 × LMD-mpr + 24.573 (Formula 5). Compared with the calculated balloon sizes using Formula 4, the inflated balloon sizes were significantly smaller (-0.78±1.02; p<0.001) in the MS group, while they were significantly larger (0.56±1.05; p=0.04) in the MR group. This pattern was also consistent in Formula 5. In conclusion, selecting the Inoue balloon inflation size based on the mitral annulus diameter determined by 3D TEE might be a reasonable approach.

View-based axiomatic reasoning for the weak memory models PSO and SRA

Weak memory models describe the semantics of concurrent programs in modern multicore architectures. As these semantics deviate from the commonly assumed model of sequential consistency, reasoning techniques like Owicki-Gries-style proof calculi need to be adapted to specific memory models. To avoid having to design a new proof calculus for every new memory model, a uniform approach for axiomatic reasoning has recently been proposed. This approach bases reasoning on memory-model independent axioms about thread views and how they are changed by program actions like reads and writes. It allows to prove program correctness based on axioms only. Such proofs are valid for all memory models instantiating the axioms.In this paper, we study instantiations of the axioms for two memory models, the Partial Store Order (PSO) and the Strong Release Acquire (SRA) model. We see that both models fulfil all but one axiom, a different one though. For PSO, the missing axiom refers to message-passing abilities of memory models; for SRA, the missing axiom refers to the independence of actions on executing threads. We discuss the consequences of these missing axioms and illustrate the reasoning technique on a specific litmus test.

Early Detection of Residual/Recurrent Lung Malignancies on Post-Radiation FDG PET/CT

Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT) using Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) is an important imaging modality for assessing treatment outcomes in patients with pulmonary malignant neoplasms undergoing radiation therapy. However, distinguishing between benign post-radiation changes and residual or recurrent malignancies on PET/CT images is challenging. Leveraging the potential of artificial intelligence (AI), we aimed to develop a hybrid fusion model integrating radiomics and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architectures to improve differentiation between benign post-radiation changes and residual or recurrent malignancies on PET/CT images. We retrospectively collected post-radiation PET/CTs with identified labels for benign changes or residual/recurrent malignant lesions from 95 lung cancer patients who received radiation therapy. Firstly, we developed separate radiomics and CNN models using handcrafted and self-learning features, respectively. Then, to build a more reliable model, we fused the probabilities from the two models through an evidential reasoning approach to derive the final prediction probability. Five-folder cross-validation was performed to evaluate the proposed radiomics, CNN, and fusion models. Overall, the hybrid fusion model outperformed the other two models in terms of sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and the area under the curve (AUC) with values of 0.67, 0.72, 0.69, and 0.72, respectively. Evaluation results on the three AI models we developed suggest that handcrafted features and learned features may provide complementary information for residual or recurrent malignancy identification in PET/CT.

Optimization of fracturing parameters for horizontal wells in high-sulfur gas reservoirs considering the effect of sulfur deposition

During the development of high-sulfur gas reservoirs, the precipitation and deposition of elemental sulfur can lead to a reduction in reservoir porosity and permeability. Previous studies focus on the well production with optimized operational parameters, but the effect of sulfur deposition is not included, which impacts fracturing parameters, well production, and economic evaluation. Therefore, this work proposes a reasonable approach for parameter optimization considering sulfur. The variation of porosity and permeability are first evaluated during sulfur deposition. After that, fracture half-length, fracture spacing, fracture conductivity, and fracture distribution are optimized with orthogonalization factor analysis, and the influence of sulfur deposition on different fracture parameters are detailed analyzed. The results shown that the fracture half-length and fracture conductivity are greatly affected by sulfur deposition. Finally, net profit value is applied to obtain the optimal fracture spacing interval. With economic evaluation, the optimal fracture spacing interval of 125 m∼ 150 m is determined considering the net profit and the payback period. This work provides a useful economic method for fracture parameter optimization high-sulfur gas reservoirs, which benefits for the development and production of gas reservoirs.

Redox-sensitive epigenetic activation of SUV39H1 contributes to liver ischemia-reperfusion injury

Liver ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a clinically relevant pathophysiological process that determines the effectiveness of life-saving liver transplantation, to which aberrant ROS accumulation plays a key role. In the present study we investigated the role of SUV39H1, a lysine methyltransferases, in this process focusing on regulatory mechanism and translational potential. We report that SUV39H1 expression was up-regulated in the liver tissues of mice subjected to ischemia-reperfusion and in hepatocytes exposed to hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) in a redox-sensitive manner. Mechanistically, coactivator associated arginine methyltransferases 1 (CARM1) mediated redox-sensitive Suv39h1 trans-activation by promoting histone H3R17 methylation. Consistently, pharmaceutical CARM1 inhibition attenuated liver I/R injury. In addition, global or hepatocyte conditional Suv39h1 KO mice were protected from liver I/R injury. RNA-seq revealed that aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family 1a (Aldh1a1) as a novel target for SUV39H1. SUV39H1 directly bound to the Aldh1a1 promoter and repressed Aldh1a1 transcription in H/R-challenged hepatocytes. ALDH1A1 silencing abrogated the protective effects of SUV39H1 deficiency on H/R-inflicted injuries whereas ALDH1A1 over-expression mitigated liver I/R injury in mice. Importantly, administration of a small-molecule SUV39H1 inhibitor achieved similar hepatoprotective effects as SUV39H1 deletion. Finally, increased Suv39h1 expression and decreased Aldh1a1 expression were observed in liver I/R specimens in humans. In conclusion, our data uncover a regulatory role for SUV39H1 in liver I/R injury and serve as proof-of-concept that targeting the SUV39H1- ALDH1A1 axis might be considered as a reasonable approach for the intervention of liver I/R injury.

Time-Dependent Aftershock Probabilistic Forecasting and Ensemble Model Implementation: Insights from the 2021 Ms 7.4 Maduo Earthquake

Abstract On 22 May 2021, an Ms 7.4 earthquake with a focal depth of 17 km struck the Maduo region of Qinghai province, breaking a 3.8-year quiescence of strong earthquakes (magnitude &amp;gt;7.0) in mainland China. This event has increased stress on the Maqin–Maqu segment of the Kunlunshan fault, heightening the potential for a large earthquake in the region. In this study, we employed the epidemic-type aftershock sequence (ETAS) model and Reasenberg–Jones (R–J) model to fit the aftershock sequence following the mainshock, analyzing the temporal response and its ability to influence future generations. Concurrently, ensemble models were explored to leverage the strengths of both the ETAS and R–J models. Short-term forecasts of the probability and occurrence rate of aftershock events with varying magnitudes were conducted for the next three days. Then statistical methods, that is, receiver-operating characteristic diagrams and information gain, were used to evaluate the unconditional and relative performance. Our findings include that the ETAS model indicates a high decay rate with many aftershocks triggered by previous events, whereas the R–J model shows a normal decay rate with a higher proportion of strong aftershocks. The ETAS and R–J models perform better than random guesses for different aftershock magnitudes, but the ETAS model is somewhat affected by the problem of missing small earthquakes for a short period of time after the mainshock. The ensemble model that chooses the minimum strategy shows promise, especially in the early period, suggesting a reasonable and cautious decision approach should be chosen during the unstable stage. This study highlights the importance of short-term aftershock probability estimation for seismic research and decision-making. In the absence of more accurate models, current analytical approaches within the operational earthquake forecasting framework remain valuable. Continuous testing, feedback, and refinement of forecasting models, along with the development of ensemble models, are essential for enhancing seismic risk assessment and mitigation strategies.

Research on Test Method of Active Medical Device Preset Service Life Evaluation

When applying for registration of an active medical device, it is necessary to submit research and verification data regarding the device's service life. This study primarily proposes how to verify and evaluate the preset service life of active medical devices through reliability testing. Initially, the definition of the product's service life is introduced. Subsequently, the determination of the test sample size, the type and magnitude of the test stress, the conventional test duration, the accelerated test duration, and the evaluation of the service life of the active medical device based on the test results are elucidated. Finally, an example of evaluating the service life of a non-invasive ventilator is provided for further illustration. This study offers a comprehensive closed-loop process for verifying and evaluating the preset service life of active medical devices using the test method, providing a scientific, reasonable, practical, and exhaustive test evaluation approach for enterprises and regulatory agencies. This has broad significance for universal dissemination and aids enterprises and testing institutions in conducting pertinent research and verification tasks.

Prediction of human error probability in helicopter to ship transfer operation under an evidential reasoning extended CREAM approach.

Although the helicopter to ship transfer operation is rarely applied in ports around the world, some of the hub ports have encouraged it. The operational process poses challenges to safety due to the nature of the work to be completed by the ship crew. This article performs a systematic human error prediction to ensure safe helicopter to ship transfer operations under different circumstances since the human factor is becoming a significant contributor to maritime accidents. To accomplish this, the article addresses a cognitive reliability and error analysis method (CREAM) under the evidential reasoning (ER) approach. In the proposed approach, the CREAM provides a comprehensive human error prediction tool and ER is capable of supporting experts' judgment in decision-making. The findings of the research show that 'Secure the loose objects within or adjacent to the operating area' poses a high human error probability (4.50E-02) during helicopter to ship transfer operations.

Identifying individual brain development using multimodality brain network

The cortical development of our brains is in a hierarchical manner and promotes the emergence of large-scale functional hierarchy. However, under interindividual heterogenicity, how the spatiotemporal features of brain networks reflect brain development and mental health remains unclear. Here we collect both resting-state electroencephalography and functional magnetic resonance imaging data from the Child Mind Institute Biobank to demonstrate that during brain growth, the global dynamic patterns of brain states become more active and the dominant networks shift from sensory to higher-level networks; the individual functional network patterns become more similar to that of adults and their spatial coupling tends to be invariable. Furthermore, the properties of multimodality brain networks are sufficiently robust to identify healthy brain age and mental disorders at specific ages. Therefore, multimodality brain networks provide new insights into the functional development of the brain and a more reliable and reasonable approach for age prediction and individual diagnosis.

Laboratory-scale thermo-activated piles under long continuous operation and different mobilised shaft resistance

AbstractThis paper examines the shaft resistance mobilisation ratio as a predictor of cumulative displacement of small-scale floating and end-bearing energy pile foundations subjected to vertical compressive loads embedded in dry sandy soils. A reduced friction model pile was subjected to different mechanical loads and two long-duration, cyclic heating/recovery temperature changes. The pile, soil and container temperatures, pile strains, and vertical displacements are monitored, analysed, and discussed. The results further validate numerical analyses that propose the shaft resistance mobilisation ratio as a variable to identify thresholds above which permanent cyclic thermo-induced deformations may occur. Overall, the experimentally observed responses indicate incremental deformations as the shaft resistance mobilisation ratio increased. The results also suggest that a mobilisation ratio of 66% could be a potential conservative lower-bound limit that could control the increment of thermal-induced vertical displacements in the long term under free pile head conditions. This suggests that a performance-based design would be a reasonable approach for energy piles, and monitoring programs should be set in the field before loading and thermo-activation.

Single Layer of Crown Ether Enables Efficient, Stable, and Pb Leakage-Free Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells.

Significant challenges in ensuring long-term stability, addressing environmental safety issues, and improving efficiency have hindered the commercialization of inverted Pb-based halide perovskite solar cells (PeSCs). One reasonable approach to addressing these issues is to place an effective buffer layer between the perovskite active layer and the electrode. In this study, we demonstrate the use of crown ether, di-tert-butyl dibenzo-18-crown-6, as a single buffer layer to improve the efficiency, long-term stability, and environmental safety of PeSCs for the first time. The crown ether buffer layer suppressed Ag diffusion from the Ag metal electrodes, thereby improving the performance and lifetime of the device. In addition, it effectively captures Pb ions that may leak into the environment during the whole lifetime of devices, thereby enhancing the environmental safety of PeSCs. Furthermore, PeSCs incorporating crown ethers as buffer layers demonstrated enhanced stability in a nitrogen atmosphere and achieved a high power conversion efficiency of 22.8%. Consequently, this crown ether buffer layer offers an effective and straightforward strategy capable of achieving efficient, stable, and environmentally safe PeSCs.

ЗАКОН ОБ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЯХ ОБЪЕДИНЕННОГО ТИПА: ВЗГЛЯД ПАРЛАМЕНТАРИЯ

Federal Law No. 126-FZ of May 29, 2024 “On Amendments to Article 6 of the Law of the Russian Federation “On Institutions and Bodies of the Penal Enforcement System of the Russian Federation”” provides for the creation of institutions of a combined, so-called hybrid type. It is planned to concentrate correctional institutions and pre-trial detention facilities in a single center, modernize and unify existing technologies in the field of regime maintenance and development of the production sector, as well as provide a reasonable approach to creating conditions for the detention of convicts, suspects and accused. Correctional institutions of the combined type are beneficial to the state, since the organizational and financial costs of moving convicts and escorting them are reduced; the efficiency of logistical support of the institution is increased; forces and means for the protection of convicts are being saved; it is possible to create modern production facilities that could employ all categories of convicts, while solving the problem of eliminating dilapidated facilities in order to improve the conditions of detention of convicts, suspects and accused. The article discusses some problematic issues that will have to be taken into account when implementing the reform. The main thing is the additional allocation of material and financial resources for the construction of centers or the reconstruction of old institutions; the creation of a modern socio-economic environment for employees working in the institution and their family members; a new type of head will be required, the expansion of staff with high qualifications, knowledge, skills and relevant experience; it is necessary to ensure the isolation of various categories of convicts, security and maintenance of the regime. The ambiguous attitude of local residents towards such construction should also be taken into account. The opinion that educational colonies, medical correctional institutions and detention houses could also be located in joint- type institutions was not supported by deputies of the State Duma. Nevertheless, this issue is not completely closed. It is subject to broader discussion with the participation of specialists, including on the pages of this journal, which may allow the relevant draft law to be submitted to the State Duma.

APPROACH TO CREATION OF GEOLOGICAL AND RESERVOIR SIMULATION MODEL AND METHODS FOR HISTORY MATCHING OF RESERVOIR ENERGY STATE

Under conditions of complex geological structure and substantial share of hard-to-recover oil reserves, reservoir simulation is a key tool in reservoir management. Direct problems solved by reservoir simulation include forecasting of the production performance, control and management of reservoir development, and localization of residual oil reserves. Inverse problem solution is useful for updating the knowledge of geological structure, reservoir quality, and historical production data by means of history matching. The quality of history matching is fundamental to ensure reliable future forecasts and localization of residual oil zones. The main approaches to appropriate history matching rely on analysis and adjustment of well logging and geological parameters, as well as checking and correction of errors, inadequate historical data, application of physics-based and reasonable approaches and tools. The prerequisite for adequate history matching and predictive ability of the resultant reservoir simulation model is the compliance of simulated and actual energy state of the reservoir. In this paper, the initial stage of reservoir simulation is performed, the approach to history matching of reservoir energy state aimed at improving the quality of further predictions is described as exemplified by one of the production areas of Russian oil field. The main causes of poor history match of formation and bottomhole pressures are revealed. These causes are grouped as follows: — geological causes/reservoir quality, which include permeability field distribution, reservoir connectivity, and determination of rock and fluid compressibility;— technical causes (during reservoir simulation), that is model limitations in case of larger areas, the need to use sector models, consideration of buffer region;— technological causes, including inadequate historical data or lack of data, detection of behind-the-casing flows and production casing leaks in wellbore, etc. For each group of factors that have a substantial impact on reservoir pressure, recommendations and methods of energy state history matching on geological and reservoir simulation models are provided, examples are given.

Application of Coffee Silverskin Cellulose/Polyacrylamide Gel Polymer Electrolytes for Rechargeable Zinc-Ion Batteries

Rechargeable zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) have grown in popularity due to their low cost and the abundance of resources. However, there has been little research into the development of gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) for high voltage and capacity ZIBs. The use of agricultural waste as a polymer electrolyte (PE) is gradually increasing in order to support a circular economy. This study focuses on the utilization of cellulose derived from coffee silverskin (CS); coffee silverskin is a by-product generated during coffee roasting. We employ a reasonable approach to create the coffee silverskin cellulose (CSC)/polyacrylamide (PAM) GPE, with the goal of achieving good properties and improved battery performance. An investigation was conducted to determine the effect of CSC content in GPEs on ZIB characteristics. The cellulose derived from CS had a crystallinity index (CrI) of 64.60%. The optimal amount of cellulose added to the acrylamide monomer (AM) for the GPE of ZIB was found to be 2.5 mg (CSC/AM/salt weight ratio of 0.01/6/23). This amount resulted in the highest electrochemical stability and a cycling time of approximately 226 h. Furthermore, the PAM/Cellulose 2.5-based GPE exhibited increased Young’s modulus and tensile strength compared to the pure PAM. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) test revealed a diffusion resistance of 27.47 Ω and an ionic conductivity of 9.10 mS/cm at a temperature of 25 °C. Additionally, the use of cellulose in GPEs does not affect the electrochemical window. When the pure PAM-based GPE was compared to the CSC/PAM-based GPE, the biocomposites demonstrated electrochemical stability for a cycle life of over 200 cycles in the ZIB application.

Abstract P111: Last Recorded Blood Pressure Measurement as a Proxy for Average Blood Pressure Control

Introduction: Hypertension is a leading cardiovascular risk factor affecting 46.7% of adults in the United States, yet the definitions of blood pressure (BP) control by society guidelines and quality metrics are not aligned. In 2017, the AHA/ACC guidelines redefined hypertension as BP &gt;130/80 while the National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA) continues to define control as BP of &lt;140/90. Further, the AHA/ACC guidelines emphasize the importance of using an average of readings, whereas the NCQA determination of control is based entirely on the last recorded BP measured closest to the end of the calendar year. This analysis investigates the odds of BP control based on average office BPs recorded between January and December 2023 compared with BP control based on the last recorded single BP measurement of 2023. Hypothesis: At the population level, odds of BP control based on last recorded BP is a proxy for odds of BP control based on average BPs over the past calendar year. Methods: We examined BP control for patients aged 18-85 with hypertension who had ≥3 outpatient measurements between 1/1/2023-12/31/2023 in a New York City health system. The odds of BP control based on average BP compared with last BP at &lt;140/90 and &lt;130/80 thresholds were assessed using logistic regression. Results: Office BP measurements were analyzed for 89,130 patients. Of these, 71.2% had controlled hypertension based on NCQA criteria of last measured BP &lt;140/90 versus 68.9% using the average BP &lt;140/90. Using the lower &lt;130/80 threshold, 34.5% patients had controlled hypertension by the last measured BP versus 32.7% using the average BP. When last systolic BP &gt;140 or diastolic BP &gt;90 there was a greater likelihood that the patient had uncontrolled hypertension based on average BP (OR 2.00, 95% CI [1.88-2.12] and 7.43, 95% CI [6.96-7.93] respectively). A similar pattern was observed when the last recorded systolic BP was &gt;130 or diastolic BP &gt;80, (OR: 2.02, 95% CI [1.95-2.08] and 3.99, 95% CI [3.87-4.12] respectively). Conclusions: Although a single BP measurement may not be predictive of individual cardiovascular risk, the use of last measured BP to assess control at a population level is a reasonable approach to compare health systems and identify disparities.