Effective Management Approach Research Articles

Effect of Rotary Speed on Soil and Straw Throwing Process by Stubble-Crushing Blade for Strip Tillage Using DEM-CFD

Strip tillage is a widely used land preparation approach for effective straw management in conservation agriculture. Understanding the dynamic throwing process during the stubble-crushing operation has important implications for seedbed preparation. However, the airflow generated by the high-speed rotation of stubble-crushing blades has yet to be considered. We established a coupled DEM-CFD simulation model and explored the dynamic motion of soil particles varied with their initial depth (at 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 mm depth) and surface straw under different blade rotary speeds (270, 540, 720, and 810 rpm) based on the model. The coupled model simulation results were proved to be well correlated with the field test results by the field high-speed camera test. The simulation results showed that airflow had a significant effect on the longitudinal displacement of straw (p < 0.05). An increase in rotary speed could increase the longitudinal and lateral throwing displacement of soil particles and straw and increase the blade–soil–straw interaction, while there was no directional effect on the vertical motion. The lateral movement of soil particles decreased with increasing soil particle depth. The stubble-crushing operation allowed the exchange of deep and shallow soil layers, as well as the burial of straw. Plain, straight stubble-crushing blades with a rotary speed of 540 rpm were able to form the optimal seeding row with a width of 80.86 mm. The simulation results were useful for assessing the design solutions of high-speed rotational tools and evaluating seedbed preparation practices.

The Moderating Effects of Social Responsibility Climate and Safety Climate in Keeping Healthcare Workers' Engagement during COVID-19.

The outbreak of COVID-19 brings an overload of physical and mental demands to healthcare professionals. Keeping healthcare professionals sustainable, engaged, and performing at their highest levels becomes critical and nonetheless difficult. The objective of this research is to link the literature on organizational climates, corporate social responsibility, safety science, and work engagement, and propose a research framework that investigates the factors influencing healthcare professionals' engagement during COVID-19. We propose that when healthcare workers' career callings are triggered by COVID-19, it influences their perceptions of the work's meaningfulness, which ultimately enhances their work engagement. We argue that creating a social responsibility climate and a safety climate inside the hospital facilitates the process of turning healthcare workers' perceived work meaningfulness into work engagement. We collected data from 112 healthcare professionals, including nurses, doctors, and executive staff, from 16 wards in a public hospital in China to test our hypotheses. Hierarchical linear regression analysis provided empirical support for our research model. We find that healthcare professionals' career callings during COVID-19 enhanced their perceived work meaningfulness, which results in increased work engagement. Moreover, a social responsibility climate and a safety climate strengthens the link between work meaningfulness and work engagement among participants. Creating a social responsibility climate and a safety climate in the workplace are effective management approaches to realize healthcare workers' feelings of work meaningfulness and turn them into work engagement.

Use of a Cationic Emulsion of Latanoprost to Treat Glaucoma Patients with Ocular Surface Disease: A Preclinical Review.

Prostaglandin analogue topical medications are one of the most effective therapeutic approaches for the chronic management of glaucoma and ocular hypertension, through the reduction of elevated intra ocular pressure (IOP). While many of the first generations of anti-glaucoma eye drops were preserved with benzalkonium chloride, their repeated use may induce chronic ocular surface toxicity that leads to ocular surface disease (OSD) signs and symptoms. As a result, soft-preservatives and preservative-free formulations have been developed with the goal to avoid the long-term iatrogenic toxicity of the preservative agents. In addition, it has been suggested that OSD and its associated inflammation may negatively impact the efficacy of the IOP-lowering medications, including treatment adherence and compliance. Hence, it may be particularly interesting that glaucoma medications can concomitantly protect and "heal" the ocular surface and its environment while lowering elevated IOP, for the greater benefit of glaucoma patients. The objective of the present review is to briefly present the preclinical data of the cationic oil-in-water emulsion of latanoprost (latanoprost-CE) to shed some light on its mechanisms of action. It overall supports the following hypothesis: the restoration of a healthy ocular surface environment and treatment of the OSD signs and symptoms will allow for an improved elevated IOP reduction and glaucoma management. This would be achieved with a once daily dosing regimen to preserve glaucoma patients' vision, ocular surface, and quality-of-life and wellness.

Superior possibilities and upcoming horizons for nanoscience in COVID-19: noteworthy approach for effective diagnostics and management of SARS-CoV-2 outbreak.

The outbreak of COVID-19 has caused great havoc and affected many parts of the world. It has imposed a great challenge to the medical and health fraternity with its ability to continue mutating and increasing the transmission rate. Some challenges include the availability of current knowledge of active drugs against the virus, mode of delivery of the medicaments, its diagnosis, which are relatively limited and do not suffice for further prognosis. One recently developed drug delivery system called nanoparticles is currently being utilized in combating COVID-19. This article highlights the existing methods for diagnosis of COVID-19 such as computed tomography scan, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, nucleic acid sequencing, immunoassay, point-of-care test, detection from breath, nanotechnology-based bio-sensors, viral antigen detection, microfluidic device, magnetic nanosensor, magnetic resonance platform and internet-of-things biosensors. The latest detection strategy based on nanotechnology, biosensor, is said to produce satisfactory results in recognizing SARS-CoV-2 virus. It also highlights the successes in the research and development of COVID-19 treatments and vaccines that are already in use. In addition, there are a number of nanovaccines and nanomedicines currently in clinical trials that have the potential to target COVID-19.

The Effectiveness and Safety of Acupuncture on Suicidal Behavior: A Systematic Review.

In situations where death by suicide is a major global issue and effective prevention and management approaches are lacking, acupuncture improves some risk factors for suicide, including depression, and it has been used for a long time in clinical settings. Herein, we aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture in the treatment of suicidal behaviors. Fourteen electronic databases were searched for studies published up to 7 September 2022. Original interventional studies of acupuncture in suicide prevention were included. The primary outcome was the validated measure of suicidal ideation. The risk of bias in the included studies was assessed using an appropriate assessment tool. Due to the heterogeneity of the included studies, only qualitative analyses were conducted. Eight studies on manual acupuncture (50%), electro-acupuncture (37.5%), and acupressure (12.5%) were included. In particular, three studies (37.5%) used the National Acupuncture Detoxification Association protocol to stimulate the bilateral sympathetic, Shenmen, kidney, liver, and lung auricular points. Acupuncture was effective in direct and indirect outcomes related to suicidal behavior, not only for participants with suicidal behavior, but also for those with other conditions, including depression. A decrease in salivary cortisol was the only biological indicator of acupuncture in patients with suicidal ideation. However, the methodological quality of the included studies was not optimal. In conclusion, acupuncture may reduce the risk of suicidal behavior in clinical and non-clinical populations. Owing to clinical heterogeneity, low methodological quality, and the small number of included studies, further high-quality studies should assess the effectiveness of acupuncture.

Suppression of inflammatory responses in heat-stressed broiler chickens by bovine casein

This study was conducted to investigate the potential of bovine casein to mitigate the inflammatory responses in heat-stressed broiler chickens. One-day-old Ross 308 male broiler chickens (n = 1200) were reared using standard management practices. On d 22 of age, birds were divided into 2 main groups and kept either under thermoneutral temperature (21 ± 1 °C) or chronic heat stress (30 ± 1 °C). Each group was further divided into 2 sub-groups and fed either the control diet (Con) or the casein (3 g/kg) supplemented diet (CAS). The study consisted of four treatments; each treatment was replicated 12 times with 25 birds per replicate. The treatments were as follow; CCon: control temperature + control diet, CCAS: control temperature + casein diet, HCon: heat stress + control diet, and HCAS: heat stress + casein diet. The casein and heat stress protocols were applied from d 22 to d 35 of age. Casein increased the growth performance of the HCAS (P < 0.05) when compared to the HCon. Additionally, the maximum feed conversion efficiency was exhibited (P < 0.05) by the HCAS. Compared with CCon, heat stress increased (P < 0.05) the levels of proinflammatory cytokines. Casein lowered (P < 0.05) the levels of proinflammatory cytokines and increased (P < 0.05) the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines in response to heat exposure. Heat stress decreased (P < 0.05) villus height, crypt depth, villus surface area, and absorptive epithelial cell area. Casein increased (P < 0.05) villus height, crypt depth, villus surface area, and absorptive epithelial cell area in CCAS and HCAS. Furthermore, casein improved intestinal microflora balance by enhancing (P < 0.05) the growth of intestinal beneficial bacteria and decreasing (P < 0.05) the intestinal colonization with the pathogenic bacteria. In conclusion, dietary inclusion of bovine casein would suppress the inflammatory responses in heat-stressed broiler chickens. Such potential could be utilized as an effective management approach to promote gut health and homeostasis during heat stress conditions.

Impacts on Family Medicine in the Obesity Management

Obesity is a major public health concern requiring a comprehensive, effective management approach. Family medicine plays a critical role in the management of obesity, but the extent of its impact is not well-established. This literature review of the impact of family medicine on obesity management identifies the most effective strategies for the management of obesity in primary care. Patient education on weight, exercises, food, and body mass index (BMI) recording. Find studies focusing on family medicine's effects on managing children and adolescents' obesity. Family medicine interventions significantly reduced weight and BMI and improved obesity-related comorbidities, including hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. Although height and weight were measured for most children and adolescents, their BMI-for-age was not calculated, and they were unlikely to receive weight-related education. The most effective interventions included comprehensive lifestyle modifications, multidisciplinary team-based care, and continuous follow- up and support. Family medicine plays a critical role in the management of obesity, and its impact is significant in reducing weight and BMI and improving obesity-related comorbidities. The findings of this study focus on the importance of using family medicine to treat obesity. Overall, this study supports the ongoing efforts to address the obesity epidemic and promote public health through effective obesity management strategies.

Improving Supply Chain in the Automotive Industry With the Right Bill of Material Configuration

An effective supply chain management approach needs to be holistic and integrated, to avoid inefficiency between the echelons of the global chain. To achieve this goal, supply chain directors and decision makers are required to trade-off a centralized planning approach for a decentralized one. This paper develops a mixed approach where only the critical products are centrally planned, while leaving the non-critical ones to autonomous decisions at the local plants of a multi-echelon supply chain. To validate the benefits of the proposed planning model, a complex supply chain in the automotive industry is used as testbed, where a comparison between Top-Down (from finished products to raw materials) and Bottom-Up (from raw materials to finished products) approaches is also introduced. ANOVA test is performed on a full factorial design involving six criticality criteria and it suggests that the proposed selection model reduces the system size by 10-30% with respect to a fully centralized approach, and the Top-Down procedure leads to a critical sub-system smaller in size by about 5-10% in terms of number of products compared to the Bottom-Up one.

Bio rational green approaches for effective management of post flowering stalk rot in maize (Zea mays)

Present study was carried out to assess efficacy of bio agents and organic ITK’s against post flowering stalk rot at Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan during 2019–20. The results of in vitro studies revealed that Trichoderma viride (65%) significantly inhibited the mycelium growth of Fusarium verticillioides. In field conditions, T. viride showed low disease rating 3.0, low per cent disease incidence (25.20%) and high efficacy of disease control (62.27%) with good grain yield 1191 g/plot against the pathogen at 2% concentrations. Maize growers can protect their crop from this disease by using the sustainable, environmentally friendly disease control strategies that were found in our study.

The effects of white matter hyperintensities on MEG power spectra in population with mild cognitive impairment.

Cerebrovascular disease is responsible for up to 20% of cases of dementia worldwide, but also it is a major comorbid contributor to the progression of other neurodegenerative diseases, like Alzheimer's disease. White matter hyperintensities (WMH) are the most prevalent imaging marker in cerebrovascular disease. The presence and progression of WMH in the brain have been associated with general cognitive impairment and the risk to develop all types of dementia. The aim of this piece of work is the assessment of brain functional differences in an MCI population based on the WMH volume. One-hundred and twenty-nine individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) underwent a neuropsychological evaluation, MRI assessment (T1 and Flair), and MEG recordings (5 min of eyes closed resting state). Those participants were further classified into vascular MCI (vMCI; n = 61, mean age 75 ± 4 years, 35 females) or non-vascular MCI (nvMCI; n = 56, mean age 72 ± 5 years, 36 females) according to their WMH total volume, assessed with an automatic detection toolbox, LST (SPM12). We used a completely data-driven approach to evaluate the differences in the power spectra between the groups. Interestingly, three clusters emerged: One cluster with widespread larger theta power and two clusters located in both temporal regions with smaller beta power for vMCI compared to nvMCI. Those power signatures were also associated with cognitive performance and hippocampal volume. Early identification and classification of dementia pathogenesis is a crucially important goal for the search for more effective management approaches. These findings could help to understand and try to palliate the contribution of WMH to particular symptoms in mixed dementia progress.

Weavable phase change fibers with wide thermal management temperature range, reversible thermochromic and triple shape memory functions towards human thermal management

Developing multifunctional phase change materials that could be employed in human thermal management is of great significance for enhancing personal comfort. However, limited thermal management temperature range, strong rigidity and lack of effective visual thermal management approach still hinder their extensive application. In this work, flexible phase change fibers (PCFs) were fabricated by encapsulating the phase change mixtures blended with paraffin wax (PW, Tm = 62.0 °C), nonadecane (NO, Tm = 31.9 °C), and thermochromic agent (TA) into polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) hollow tubes via a vacuum injection method. PW/NO/PDMS PCFs possessed dual phase change temperature regions around 31.9 °C and 62.0 °C, which broadened the thermal management temperature range. TA realized the visualization of the phase transition of NO and PW via the red-yellow-green color evolution. Combined the dual phase transitions of PW/NO with the elastic PDMS tube, the PCFs exhibited excellent triple shape memory effects. Fabrics woven with PCFs can provide intelligent thermal management functions to keep the temperature constant and improve comfort of humans in hot/cold situations. Therefore, this study provides a facile strategy for fabricating weavable PCFs with wide thermal management temperature range, thermochromic and triple shape memory properties, which have great potential in intelligent thermal management for humans.

Development of water re-allocation policy under uncertainty conditions in the inflow to reservoir and demands parameters: a case study of Karaj AmirKabir dam

The process of optimal operation of multipurpose reservoirs is accompanied by large dimensions of decision variables and the uncertainty of hydrological parameters and water demands. Therefore, in determining the optimal operation policies (OOPs), the decision making for water allocation is faced with problems and complexities. One of the effective approaches for sustainable management and optimal allocation from water resources is the multi-objective structural development based on the uncertainty of input parameters. The purpose of this study is to provide OOPs from Karaj AmirKabir multi-purpose reservoir with applying uncertainty in the inflow to reservoir and downstream water demand. The proposed approach has been investigated in two certain and uncertain models, and three objective functions of the system including maximizing hydropower generation, water supply demands, and flood control have been considered to formulate OOPs. Non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II) was performed to optimize the three proposed objective functions and by applying multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods, the best operation scenario was selected. In the uncertainty model, using the interval method and repeated implementation of the deterministic model for completely random scenarios that generated based on the variation interval of the uncertain parameters, the non-deterministic optimal allocation values were produced. Based on these optimal allocation values and the fitting of the standard probability distribution on it, the probability of occurrence of the deterministic allocation values was determined. Production of optimal probabilistic allocation policies can be very useful and efficient in providing real vision to managers to select appropriate policies in different conditions and rare hydrological events. The results obtained from the certain model shows that as a result of optimal allocation to demands, the fuzzy reliability, resiliency, and system stability indexes were improved to 67.81, 21.99, and 24.98 percentage, respectively. Also, in an uncertain model, applying changes of 48% and 22%, respectively, for the inflow and downstream demand has led to changes of 23%, 55%, and 18%, respectively, in the first, second, and third objective functions. The highest impact from uncertain conditions, has been related to the water supply demands with 55% of the range of variations So, the water supply demands, has a higher sensitivity and priority than other reservoir objective functions under uncertain conditions. Another important result extracted from this study is to determine the monthly probability of optimal allocations achievement. Accordingly, in the warm seasons and years in which the reservoir is facing drought, the occurrence probability of the optimal allocations decreases. Given the comprehensiveness of the proposed methodology, this approach is a very suitable tool for determining the optimal water allocations as probabilistic based on the scenarios desired by managers and reservoir operators.

Forecasting Waste Mobile Phone (WMP) Quantity and Evaluating the Potential Contribution to the Circular Economy: A Case Study of Turkey

Information and communication technology (ICT)-based products have a significant effect on increasing levels of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) or electronic waste (e-waste) due to their shorter lifespan as a result of rapid technological changes. Mobile phones are the most popular ICT products, and their market share is increasing gradually. Therefore, effective management of waste mobile phones (WMP) is sought as their recovery brings enormous economic and regulatory benefits. Forecasting the quantities of WMP and their recoverable material content generates valuable data for the related stakeholders in the circular economy (CE) in the design and management of their supply chain networks. This paper presents an approach to determining the WMP quantity for Turkey considering the system from sales to end-of-life (EOL) stages and the years between 2001 and 2035. The proposed model includes two main parts: estimation and forecasting. Firstly, the generated WMP quantity is estimated based on dynamic lifespan and sales using the Distribution Delay (DD) Method considering the years from 2001 to 2020. To select the most suitable model for future projection, seven different time series methods (e.g., Simple Exponential Smoothing, Holt’s, Logistics, Gompertz, Logarithmic, Bass, and ARIMA models) are considered to estimate the generated WMP. For the given data, the Holt’s Method is determined to be the best method to forecast the WMP quantities for the years from 2021 to 2035. In addition, waste materials amount and revenue potentials are estimated for the years from 2001 to 2035. The WMP for Turkey is expected to be approximately 11.5 million units and has a 52 million US$ revenue potential in 2035. The present study contributes to the literature, as it is the first holistic forecasting study on the quantification of WMPs in Turkey. Moreover, since WMPs include remarkable recovery potential in terms of CE, the data and findings of this study may help policymakers, governments, producers, consumers, and all stakeholders to establish effective e-waste management approaches.

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Cardiogenic shock – A Review

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation has been used in adult in cardiogenic shock due to myocardial infarction, myocardiopathy, myocarditis, or inability to come off cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) after cardiac surgery.3 ECMO can provide partial or total support, but it is temporary. It is not a definitive treatment but a life support system that allows time for evaluation, diagnosis and treatment of the condition that causes heart failure. With high incidence of late stage coronary artery disease and infective myocarditis in India, the usage of ECMO for refractory cardiogenic shock is going to be a promising approach for effective management of refractory heat failure .ECMO has proven to be an effective therapeutic modality in managing cardiovascular collapse as a bridge to recovery or more definitive treatment options.

Genome and Transcriptome Analysis of Ascochyta pisi Provides Insights into the Pathogenesis of Ascochyta Blight of Pea.

Ascochyta blight caused by Ascochyta pisi is a major constraint to pea (Pisum sativum L.) production worldwide. Deciphering the pathogenic mechanism of A. pisi on peas will help in breeding resistant pea varieties and developing effective approaches for disease management. However, little is known about the genomic features and pathogenic factors of A. pisi. In this study, we first report that A. pisi is one of the causal agents of ascochyta blight disease of pea in China. The genome of the representative isolate A. pisi HNA23 was sequenced using PacBio and Illumina sequencing technologies. The HNA23 genome assembly is almost 41.5 Mb in size and harbors 10,796 putative protein-encoding genes. We predicted 555 carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), 1,008 secreted proteins, 74 small secreted cysteine-rich proteins (SSCPs), and 26 secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters (SMGCs). A comparison of A. pisi genome features with the features of 6 other available genomes of Ascochyta species showed that CAZymes, the secretome, and SMGCs of this genus are considerably conserved. Importantly, the transcriptomes of HNA23 during infection of peas at three stages were further analyzed. We found that 245 CAZymes and 29 SSCPs were upregulated at all three tested infection stages. SMGCs were also trigged, but most of them were induced at only one stage of infection. Together, our results provide important genomic information on Ascochyta spp. and offer insights into the pathogenesis of A. pisi. IMPORTANCE Ascochyta blight is a major disease of legumes worldwide. Ascochyta pisi and other Ascochyta species have been identified as pathogens of ascochyta blight. Here, we first report that A. pisi causes ascochyta blight of pea in China, and we report the high-quality, fully annotated genome of A. pisi. Comparative genome analysis was performed to elucidate the differences and similarities among 7 Ascochyta species. We predict abundant CAZymes (569 per species), secreted proteins (851 per species), and prolific secondary metabolite gene clusters (29 per species) in these species. We identified a set of genes that may be responsible for fungal virulence based on transcriptomes in planta, including CAZymes, SSCPs, and secondary metabolites. The findings from the comparative genome analysis highlight the genetic diversity and help in understanding the evolutionary relationship of Ascochyta species. In planta transcriptome analysis provides reliable information for further investigation of the mechanism of the interaction between Ascochyta spp. and legumes.

Impacts on Management Control Strategies During the Pandemic: A Review

This review paper examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on management control strategies. It emphasizes how important it is for businesses to respond swiftly to difficulties presented by the crisis through adopting agile ways and putting in place efficient management control systems. A review obtained by six pertinent research that each shed light on various facets of management oversight during the epidemic is presented. The first study focuses on how ethical and technical accounting considerations must be balanced in financial management during crises whilst the second study examines managerial control in pandemic situations. The third study deals with limiting and reducing the pandemic's consequences on the construction industry based on conducted surveys and the fourth study investigates how integrated information systems and management control promote SMEs' resilience. The fifth study focuses on how municipalities managed their performance during the pandemic. Finally, the sixth study uses a case study to examine the function of human resource development in crisis management. It talks about the effective management approach used by institutions in Dubai. The review's analysis of management control measures during the COVID-19 pandemic accentuates the importance of these strategies. It highlights the significance of striking a balance between ethical and technical considerations, developing resilience, improving collaboration and integration, and putting effective control systems in place. The study also aids organizations looking to successfully handle crises by providing insightful information on diverse industries and organizational contexts.

Multi-criteria approach for inventory classification and effective warehouse management

Organisations classically employ the ABC analysis to have efficient control on the inventory items and for effective management of warehouses. This method usually considers sales values and usage volume of inventory items. In our study, in order to take into account more than one criterion, the PROMETHEE method, which is one of the pairwise comparisons MCDM methods, was used. For the inventory classification, five criteria have been identified that affect the storage activities for all products in order to determine the importance of the product types and product models which are produced by the company. Products were ranked according to their priorities using the PROMETHEE method. The results of the classification were used to assign the shelves to products in the storage. In this process, the top products are assigned to the closer places to minimise the transport distance. As a result of the inventory classification and storage layout plan, the usage rate of storage area has been increased and a layout plan which minimises transportation distances has been established. In this way, order picking and order shipment processes have been accelerated, and a more systematic approach has been created for warehouse management of the company.

A digital sustainability approach for effective knowledge and information management in education specific non-profit organizations: Culture Intelligent IS Solutions

Information and knowledge management plays a crucial role in the sustainable development of educational organizations with significant impacts on academic communities ‘behavioral patterns. Leveraging digital technologies into academic processes have been considered as a promising way for effective management of information and knowledge. However, superficial or ungrounded adoption of information systems without consideration of the academic and information culture of a given organization may result in ineffective or useless operations that will subsequently burden staff with irrelevant actions. In this regard, this paper aims to provide an approach for sustainable growth of educational organizations with culturally savvy Information System solutions in information and knowledge management challenges. By this approach, enhanced value systems and a better cycle of information\knowledge among the academic community are intended to be achieved. Stakeholder analysis, objective sampling, and literature review were applied for data collection procedures, which provided ultimate identification of information and academic culture patterns and factors on information and knowledge management. By these patterns and factors, we found effective Information System (IS) solutions that match well with generic features of academic and information cultures in Uzbekistan such as data-driven systems, decision support systems, and discourse analysis. Finally, we have drawn implications for educational institutions to manage information effectively and develop a healthy organizational information environment. Additionally, future research directions will be identified in the digital sustainability domain of effective information and knowledge environment.

Impact of minimally invasive glaucoma surgery on the ocular surface and quality of life in patients with glaucoma.

Minimally invasive glaucoma procedures are emerging as clinically effective and safe glaucoma management approaches; however, evidence regarding quality-of-life outcomes is limited. To explore the impact of minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) combined with phacoemulsification on patient-reported outcomes and clinical parameters related to ocular surface disease in people with glaucoma. Retrospective observational study. Fifty-seven consecutive patients were examined prior to undergoing iStent combined with phacoemulsification with or without adjunctive endocyclophotocoagulation and at 4-month follow-up. At follow-up, on average patients returned statistically significantly improved scores on glaucoma-specific (GQL-15, p < 0.001; GSS, p < 0.001), general health (EQ-5D, p = 0.02) and ocular surface PROMs (OSDI, p = 0.001). Patients were using fewer eye drops on average after MIGS compared with before surgery (1.1 ± 0.9 versus 1.8 ± 0.8; p < 0.001). Undergoing MIGS was associated with improved tear film break-up time (p < 0.001) and reduced corneal fluorescein staining (p < 0.001). This retrospective audit shows quality of life and clinical parameters related to the ocular surface are improved following MIGS combined with phacoemulsification in patients previously treated with anti-glaucoma therapy.

РАЗВИТИЕ И ОСОБЕННОСТИ ВНЕШНЕТОРГОВОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ РЕГИОНОВ РОССИИ В СОВРЕМЕННЫХ УСЛОВИЯХ

The article examines in detail the issues of diversification of export and import operations of the regions, as well as their adaptation to changing global markets. This article highlights the current aspects of foreign trade activities of Russian regions in the modern conditions of global transformations of the world economy. The main focus is on the dynamics of changes in export and import operations, as well as on strategies of foreign economic relations in the context of sanctions policy. The authors present an analytical review of the impact of global trends on the Russian economy, highlighting key points in the development of foreign trade flows in a regional context. The article is aimed at analyzing the features and optimization of trade and economic relations in Russia in modern development. The study identifies strategic aspects that contribute to adaptation to the new realities of the global economy. The main tasks include an overview of current trends in the global economy, studying the impact of sanctions on the foreign trade activities of Russian regions, identifying the characteristics of foreign trade flows, and proposing strategic directions for optimizing foreign trade interactions between regions. The study includes a review of the literature, paying attention to the works of such authors as R.I. Khasbulatov and O.Y. Trofimenko. The article examines in detail the issues of diversification of export and import operations of the regions, as well as their adaptation to changing global markets. The study identifies the features of foreign trade strategies, examines possible challenges and prospects for the regional economy. The main focus is on the application of modern tools and approaches for effective management of foreign trade activities in the context of dynamic changes.