Application Of Nanofluids Research Articles

Numerical Computational of Chemically Reactive Hybrid Nanofluids with Melting Phenomena Passing Through a Disk: Comparative Study

This paper aims to investigate the solutions for the axisymmetric flow and heat transfer coming from a permeable disk in hybrid nanofluids. The nanofluids are under the influence of thermal radiation and contain magnetohydrodynamics and melting phenomena. For this, the momentum and temperature mathematical model is developed to investigate the axisymmetric flow of two-dimensional hybrid nanofluids, containing nanoparticles and a base fluid. Using appropriate similarity variables, nonlinear partial differential equations have been transformed into ordinary differential equations. These are further solved using the function bvp4c, which is built into MATLAB software. The physical behavior of parameters is discussed for the values on the basis of visuals and tables. The analysis further shows an increase in the local Nusselt number and skin frictional coefficient due to nonlinear thermal radiation and magnetic parameters. The results may be promising for the applications of hybrid nanofluids in heat transfer and cooling systems of all modern industries. The authors have confidence in their study due to the novelty of the results and underline the numerous practical utilities of hybrid nanofluids.

Review of Ti3C2Tx MXene Nanofluids: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications

MXene-based nanofluids are important because of their thermal and rheological properties, influencing scientific and industrial applications. MXenes, made of titanium carbides and nitrides, are investigated for nanofluid enhancement. This review covers MXene nanofluid creation, characterization, and application. To produce nanoscale MXene particles, two-dimensional materials are dissolved and dispersed in a base fluid. The stability and efficacy of MXene nanofluids depend on production methods, such as chemical exfoliation, electrochemical etching, and mechanical delamination. Improved heat transfer coefficients and thermal conductivity from MXene nanofluids help resolve heat transfer, energy efficiency, and thermal control problems. This extensive review also addresses long-term safety and the necessity for standardized characterization methodologies, helping researchers optimize MXene-based nanofluids in many technological fields

Local non-similar solutions for EMHD nanofluid flow with radiation and variable heat flux along slandering stretching sheet

Nanofluids are the next-generation energy-transfer substrate due to their exceptional thermodynamic properties. The study of heat transfer on stretched surfaces is important due to its applications in industry, manufacturing, and medicine. The flow across a nonlinear stretched surface with different thicknesses is examined in this study to analyze the impacts of magnetic and electrical field, joule heating, viscous dissipation, and thermal radiation by considering Cu/water as nanofluid. To explore the physical characteristics, initially the mathematical model of the problem is evaluated and cataloged all of its features. Basic flow equations and fundamental rules were used to formulate the considered problem. The flow-controlling “partial differential equations” (PDEs) are transformed into a set of non-dimensional ordinary differential equations” (ODEs) via appropriate non-similar transformations. By utilizing the local non-similarity procedure operating bvp4c, the mathematical model is reconstructed. Physical representations of temperature as well as velocity profiles show how various emerging parameters interact with the flow. It is perceived that when the strength of the magnetic field grows, the velocity of nanoparticles decreases. However, as the electric field’s strength progresses and the velocity distribution does as well, the temperature profile for the nanomaterials rises. The radiation factor enhances the temperature field. The presence of time- and space-dependent characteristics for radiation, heat production increases as the fluid temperature rises. The authors investigate the procedure for replicating the dimensionless non-similar framework adopting the local non-similarity procedure. As per the author’s observations, there is currently no comparable study available in the literature for the flow model under consideration. This research holds significant potential for researchers engaged in the exploration of industrial applications of nanofluids, particularly within geophysical and geothermic domains, solar water heating technologies, biomedical applications, and other interdisciplinary fields.

Heat Transfer Application of Nanofluids and Testing of Thermal Conductivity

In response to the growing demand for more efficient heat transfer technologies in various industrial processes, the development of nanofluids has emerged as a promising solution. Traditional heat transfer fluids like mineral oil, ethylene glycol, and water have relatively low thermal conductivities compared to solids, limiting the compactness and efficiency of heat exchangers. Nanofluids, which are created by suspending ultrafine metallic or nonmetallic solid powders in base fluids, exhibit enhanced thermal properties due to the superior thermal conductivities of solid materials. This paper reviews the preparation, thermal conductivity measurement, and influencing factors of nanofluids, with a focus on thermal conductivity as the primary driver for improved heat transfer. The preparation of nanofluids involves either a one-step or two-step method, with the two-step method being more commonly used for oxide nanoparticles (NPs) such as Al2O3, ZnO, MgO, TiO2, and SiO2. The study discusses stabilization techniques like ultrasonication and magnetic force agitation to ensure homogeneous suspension and long-term stability of the nanofluids. The thermal conductivity measurements are conducted using short hot wire (SHW) and transient hot wire (THW) techniques, with considerations of the nonsteady-state nature and potential error sources. The research underscores the importance of rigorous experimental design and accurate data analysis to address the complexities and variability in thermal conductivity measurements, ultimately contributing to the advancement of nanofluid technologies for efficient heat transfer solutions.

Investigation of carbon-based nanofluid imbibition processes in low-permeability reservoirs using nuclear magnetic resonance

Spontaneous imbibition has been demonstrated to be an important approach to enhance the oil recovery of unconventional reservoirs after hydraulic fracturing. Adding chemical agents to modulate the properties of the oil-water and oil-rock interfaces is a common method to enhance imbibition. Carbon-based nanofluid showed excellent ability to reduce interfacial tension and alter wettability due to their distinct surface properties and ultra-small particle size. However, there are few systemic studies on the imbibition process of carbon-based nanofluid and the unclear mechanism of the enhanced oil recovery (EOR) restricts their oilfield application. In this study, the carbon-based nanofluid was prepared by dispersing carbon nitride quantum dots (CNQDs) of 2.34 ± 0.34 nm synthesized by citric acid and urea in deionized water. The spontaneous imbibition process of nanofluids was monitored by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology. The T2 relaxation distribution results suggested that the oil recovery of CNQDS nanofluid by spontaneous imbibition was 24.6%, which was 5% higher than that of nano-SiO2 nanofluid. Moreover, the variations of oil saturation profiles analyzed based on NMR data indicated that the maximum imbibition distance of the carbon-based nanofluid was about 20.34 mm which is also larger than that of the nano-SiO2 nanofluid of 16.02 mm. The oil saturation variations of saturated oil cores imbibed in carbon-based nanofluid was also significantly improved compared with nano-SiO2 nanofluid. This finding was attributed to the fact that compared with nano-SiO2 nanofluid, the CNQDs nanofluid can not only promote the fluid to enter deeper matrix, but also effectively reduce the residual oil saturation in the area that the nanofluid accesses to. The interfacial tension and contact angle measurements were conducted to reveal the underlying EOR mechanisms of CNQDs nanofluid. This study provides vital insights into the prospective application of carbon-based nanofluid in low-permeability reservoirs.

Application of ternary nanofluid and rotating cylinders in the cooling system of photovoltaic/thermoelectric generator coupled module and computational cost reduction

Innovative cooling systems and solar panel modeling approaches have become critical for effective photovoltaic module performance and higher energy efficiency. In the present study, a novel cooling system for thermoelectric generator integrated photovoltaic module is proposed. Three dimensional coupled photovoltaic module/thermoelectric generator/cooling channel system is numerically analyzed by using Galerkin weighted residual finite element method. The cooling channels include rotating circular cylinders, with ternary nanofluid serving as the cooling medium. Three dimensional coupled numerical simulations are carried out for various values of cylinder’s rotational speed (rotational Reynolds number, Rew between 0 and 5000), number of channels with rotating cylinders (N between 2 and 8), size of the cylinders in the cooling channel (RC between 0.006H and 0.433H) and nanoparticle amount in water (ϕ between 0 and 3%). Higher rotational speed of the cylinders, higher nanoparticle loading and higher channel number with cylinder contribute positively to the performance enhancement of the photovoltaic-thermoelectric generator coupled system. In the case of motionless cylinder in cooling channels, larger cylinder sizes have negative impact on the performance. By using cylinders that rotate at the fastest possible rate together with the usage of ternary nanofluid and only water, photovoltaic-cell temperature drops of 61.6 °C and 61 °C in comparison to un-cooled photovoltaic are achieved. When compared to motionless cylinder arrangements, cell temperature reductions of 4.3 °C and 3 °C are achieved by using the fastest rotation speeds for the base fluid and nanofluid. The temperature of the photovoltaic cells decreases and the thermoelectric power increases as the number of rotating cylinders in the cooling channels increases while temperature of the cell drops by 2 °C from N=2 to N=8 and becomes 4.3 °C as compared to motionless cylinder configuration. An efficient computational method by using proper orthogonal decomposition is proposed. While the computational time is reduced by a factor of 1/50, the approach is effective in properly predicting the variation in photovoltaic-cell temperature. The proposed cooling system and practical computational method are useful for further development and optimization of efficient thermal management of photovoltaic panels and integrated systems.

Experimental investigation and thermodynamic analysis of application of hybrid nanofluid in a parabolic solar trough collector.

In this research, thermal modeling has been done to investigate the effect of nanofluid on the performance of the linear parabolic collector. Therminol vapor/liquid phase fluid (VP-1) has been used as a base fluid; iron oxide nanoparticles have been used to produce mono-nanofluid; and iron oxide multi-walled carbon nanotubes nanocomposite has been used as nanoparticles to produce hybrid nanofluid. The fluid flow inside the absorber tube of the collector is assumed to be turbulent. The results show that when hybrid nanofluid and mono-nanofluid are used, the energy and exergy efficiencies of the collector are higher than those for the conditions of using the base fluid, but their amount is slightly lower with the use of hybrid nanofluid than when the working fluid is mono-nanofluid. According to the obtained results, the highest energy efficiency of the linear parabolic collector using nanofluid and mono-nanofluid is 70.2% and 70.4%, respectively, and the highest exergy efficiency is 35.7% and 35.9%, respectively. Despite this, the friction coefficient of mono-nanofluid compared to hybrid nanofluid was obtained on average about 9% higher. The results showed that the criterion for evaluating the performance of the collector (hydrodynamic thermal efficiency) when hybrid nanofluid is used is more than when mono-nanofluid is used.

Nanofluid Applications of the Thermal Performance of a Forced Cooling Tower: A Review

Nanofluid Applications of the Thermal Performance of a Forced Cooling Tower: A Review

The reversal of carbonate wettability via alumina nanofluids: Implications for hydrogen geological storage

Underground hydrogen storage (UHS) has been recognized as a key enabler of the industrial-scale implementation of a hydrogen-based economy. However, the efficiency and storage capacity of hydrogen (H2) in carbonate aquifers can be influenced by the presence of organic acids. Nevertheless, the existing literature contains few investigations of H2/calcite/brine wettability and the influence of organic acids on H2 storability in carbonate reservoirs. Therefore, the present study examines the influence of stearic acid on the dynamic H2/brine wettability of calcite substrates (as a proxy of carbonate formation) under various geological conditions (0.1–20 MPa at 323 K), equilibrated in 10 wt% NaCl brine. In addition, the application of various alumina nanofluid concentrations (0.05, 0.1, 0.25, and 0.75 wt%) is evaluated under the same experimental conditions for enhancing the organic-aged calcite wettability. The results demonstrate a significant impact of stearic acid on the dynamic (advancing and receding) contact angles of the calcite substrates, thereby resulting in a shift from intermediate water-wet to H2-wet conditions, representing an unfavorable state for H2 geological storage. Conversely, the application of alumina nanofluid on the organic-aged calcite substrate enhances the H2/brine/calcite wettability towards an intermediate water-wet state, which is more favorable for H2 residual trapping in carbonate formations. The optimal concentration of alumina nanofluid for the wettability modification of the organically aged calcite samples is found to be 0.25 wt%. These findings highlight the influence of organic acid contamination and the potential of alumina nanofluid application in enhancing H2 geo-storage conditions in carbonate reservoirs.

Enhancing high-speed CNC milling performance of Ti6Al4V alloy through the application of ZnO-Ag hybrid nanofluids

Abstract This research investigates the performance of high-speed CNC milling operations on Ti6Al4V alloy by employing a novel ZnO-Ag hybrid nanofluid. The study involves the preparation and characterization of nanofluids with varying concentrations of nanoparticles, focusing on thermal conductivity and stability. The machining experiments encompass four critical input parameters: Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) flow rate, cutting speed, nanofluid concentration, and feed rate. Performance evaluation is based on average surface roughness (Ra) and cutting temperature. Key findings include a remarkable 21.05% improvement in thermal conductivity for the ZnO-Ag-based sunflower oil at 0.2% volume concentration compared to 0.05% concentration. The prepared nanofluids exhibit good stability. Moreover, cutting speed and MQL flow rate emerge as significant contributors to Ra, accounting for 35.62% and 34.82%, respectively. Interestingly, MQL flow rate is identified as the most influential factor, surpassing even cutting speed. SEM images for tool wear reveals that the ZnO-Ag based sunflower oil reduced tool wear significantly. In conclusion, the proposed ZnO-Ag-based sunflower oil at 0.2% concentration emerges as the good option for sustainable high-speed machining of Ti6Al4V alloy, showcasing

A Review on the Application of Nanofluids in Enhanced Oil Recovery

Abstract: Oil mobility has been a significant issue since the recovery of a heavy crude reservoir. It is determined by two factors: oil rheological properties and penetrability. Nanofluids (NFs) are a distinct class of engineered fluids characterized by the dispersion of nanoparticles ranging in size from 1 to 100 nanometers (nm) into a working fluid. They are divided into groups based on physicochemical characteristics, including nanoparticle morphology, and thermal and rheological properties. The well-known nanofluids composed of metal (e.g., ZrO2) and ceramic (e.g., SiO2) had the best physicochemical performance in terms of oil mobility. This chapter examines the inundation of metal and nonmetal based nanofluids as a new enhanced oil extraction (EOR) method for extracting primary and secondary oil from more than 45% of confined reservoir fluids. Furthermore, new developments in the utilization of these materials on EOR approaches to combat significant interfacial adhesion across sandstone and fluid interfaces are summarized.

Dissipative Non-Slip MHD Nanofluid Flow with Variable Viscousity and Thermal Conductivity in the Presence of Arrhenius Chemical Reaction

This research investigates the intricate dynamics of dissipative non-slip magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) nanofluid flow, characterized by variable viscosity and thermal conductivity, under the influence of an Arrhenius chemical reaction. The inclusion of the Arrhenius chemical reaction adds complexity through heat generation or absorption, impacting temperature and concentration gradients. The study is motivated by the extensive applications of nanofluids in engineering and industrial processes, where precise control of heat and mass transfer is critical. We develop a comprehensive mathematical model that incorporates the variable properties of the nanofluid, the effects of the Lorentz force due to the applied magnetic field, and the temperature-dependent reaction rates dictated by the Arrhenius equation. The formulated governing equations were non-dimensionalised to identify the flow governing parameters. Finite Element Method (FEM), grid generation, solution algorithms, and post-processing to analyse velocity, temperature, and concentration distributions were used to obtain the numerical methods to solve fluid flow problems based on the Navier-Stokes equations, involving concepts of discretization. pdsolve subpackage in Maple 2023 was used to numerically solve PDEs with specific initial and boundary conditions, incorporating the plot and display commands for graphical analysis, and the results are presented and discussed. The findings reveal that the interplay between parameters like Hartmann number, Darcy parameter, and heat generation or absorption profoundly influences flow behaviour and thermal characteristics. The reactivity parameter is crucial, dictating the rate of chemical reactions and affecting system dynamics. This research enhances understanding of the interdependencies among fluid properties, chemical reactions, and external parameters in nanofluid flows.

Microfluidic flow synthesis of Al2O3 nanofluids for efficient phase-change boiling heat transfer enhancement of electronic devices

Integrating microchannel flow boiling heat transfer with nanofluids is an effective method for cooling electronic devices. However, traditional methods have significant limitations in achieving facile synthesis of nanofluids with desirable properties. In this study, we propose a straightforward synthesis strategy using microfluidic reactors, which enables continuous and high-throughout synthesis of Al2O3 nanofluids with high purity and long-term stability. These nanofluids were found to enhance boiling heat transfer performance by delaying bubbles coalescence, increasing surface nucleation sites, improving the nucleation rate, and enhancing wettability by observation of the bubble behavior. Specifically, the critical heat flux (CHF) and corresponding heat transfer coefficient (HTC) are increased by a maximum of 32 % and 26 %, respectively, with negligible change in pressure drop. Moreover, the heat transfer performance deteriorates with increasing concentration of alumina nanofluids. These findings not only provide guidance of microchannel flow boiling with nanofluids, but also present valuable insights for the application of nanofluids in two-phase cooling systems for electronic devices.

Enhanced Stability, Superior Anti-Corrosive, and Tribological Performance of Al2O3 Water-based Nanofluid Lubricants with Tannic Acid and Carboxymethyl Cellulose over SDBS as Surfactant

In this research work, the stability, tribological, and corrosion properties of a water-based Al2O3 nanofluid (0.5 wt%) formulated with tannin acid (TA) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as dispersants or surfactants were investigated. For comparative purposes, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) was also incorporated. The stability of the nanofluid was assessed through zeta potential measurements and photo-capturing, revealing the effectiveness of TA and CMC in preventing nanoparticle agglomeration. Tribological properties were examined using a pin-on-disk apparatus, highlighting the tribofilm of Al2O3 that enhanced lubricating properties of the nanofluid by the SEM, resulting in reduced friction and wear of the contacting surfaces. Sample with the addition of both TA and CMC exhibited the best tribological performance, with a ~ 20% reduction in the friction coefficient and a 59% improvement in wear rate compared to neat nanofluid without TA and CMC. Additionally, the corrosion resistance of the nanofluids were evaluated via weight loss and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The nanofluid sample containing both TA and CMC exhibited the lowest corrosion rate, with 97.6% improvement compared to sample without them. This study provides valuable insights into the potential applications of TA and CMC-based Al2O3 nanofluids as effective and environmentally friendly solutions for coolant or lubrication in cutting processes.

Numerical simulation study of boiling Critical Heat Flux characteristics of graphene nanofluids

IVR-ERVC (In-Vessel Retention – External Reactor Vessel Cooling) is a critical accident management method for ensuring the integrity of the reactor pressure vessel (RPV) lower head. One of the most crucial aspects within this method is to enhance the CHF (Critical Heat Flux) on the outer surface of the reactor pressure vessel (RPV) lower head. This paper explores the application of graphene nanofluids in IVR-ERVC. This paper uses computational fluid dynamics to numerically simulate the CHF characteristics of graphene nanofluids under different undercooling, mass flow rate, concentration, tilt angle, and gap size conditions and analyzes the impact of different factors on CHF and the coupling effects between different factors. The undercooling range is 5 K–100 K, the mass flow rate range is 150 kg/(m2∙s) to 3000 kg/(m2∙s), the concentration range is 0–1%, the inclination angle range is 0°–90°, and the gap sizes are 10 mm and 20 mm. The results show that the CHF can be effectively improved by adding nano-graphene into the base solution, and the CHF increases with the increase of subcooling degree, mass flow rate, concentration, dip Angle and gap size. Within the simulation range, the strengthening effect on CHF weakens when raising the undercooling and mass flow rate. And the larger the concentration and inclination angle within the simulation range, the better the enhancement effect on CHF. The maximum increase was 290%, while the average increase was 75.6%.This article studies the coupling effects between different parameters through numerical simulation. It can be concluded that increasing the mass flow rate weakens the enhancement of subcooling and concentration on CHF, increasing the subcooling weakens the enhancement effect of mass flow rate and concentration on CHF, and increasing the concentration enhances the enhancement effect of subcooling and mass flow rate on CHF. Enhance the mass flow rate will weaken tilt angle effect, while increasing the concentration will enhance the strengthening effect of tilt angle on CHF.

Design and tribological performance of graphene nanofluids dispersed by dragging effect of bicomponent gelator

Nanofluids have excellent lubrication and high thermal conductivity. However, the agglomeration and sedimentation produced by the large surface energy of nanoparticles in base liquid threaten the long-term dispersion stability and impact the wide application of nanofluid. In this work, based on the self-assemble behavior and continuous network structure formed by low molecular weight organic gelator, the uniform clusters were formed through regulating the kinetics behavior in the gelling process. The dragging effect was demonstrated by oleic acid - sodium dodecyl sulfate (OA-SDS) bicomponent gelator and graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets. The results showed that GO nanofluids dispersed by OA-SDS were stable for more than 12 months. The well-dispersed GO nanofluid exhibited better anti-friction and anti-wear properties under both immersion and electrostatic minimum quantity lubrication conditions. Moreover, the lower contact angle, surface tension and droplet size of nanofluids after charging improved the wettability on the frictional interface. The GO adsorption film formed on the friction interface protected the tribochemical reaction film of iron oxide and prevented the occurrence of sintering of base oil.

Improvement of thermal performance through nanofluids in industrial applications: A review on technical aspects

Nanofluids (NFs) have emerged as a transformative technology in industrial heat transfer applications due to their demonstrably superior thermal properties compared to conventional fluids. These engineered suspensions of nanoparticles in base fluids, including oil, ethylene glycol, or water exhibit significant enhancements in both conductive and convective heat transfer mechanisms. Their high surface area-to-volume ratio translates to exceptional heat exchange potential, making NFs ideally suited for real-world engineering applications. The performance of heat-transfer fluids may be greatly enhanced by NFs. This paper presents a summary to address the special properties of NFs, including their methods of synthesis, heat transfer processes, improvement of conduction and convection heat transfer, and maximizing heat exchange potential because of their high surface area relative to their volume. This paper also reviews the stability of NFs and the various methods to study their stability and their thermophysical characteristics. Finally, applications of NFs in various areas and industries are described, along with suggestions for future research that would encourage the rapid commercialization of NFs.

A Review on Nano Fluid Production, Mathematical Modelling and Applications

Recently, nano fluids have taken on a significant role in many human endeavours. A fluid called a nanofluid includes nanoparticles, also called nanoparticles. Colloidal suspensions of nanoparticles in a base fluid are what these fluids are made of. The numerous production procedures and mathematical interpretation models for nanofluids are examined in this review study. Marangoni convection’s advantages, which enhance heat transfer and balance temperature distribution, are underlined. The effects of thermophoresis on surface tension as well as surface tension in laminar natural convection are also discussed in this work. The characteristics of carbon nanotubes and their prospective medical uses are covered in the article. The study covers electrochemical double layer capacitors, which offer greater safety, longer cycle stability, and better power densities. The study explores the impact of magnetic fields on entropy formation and natural convection in a hybrid nanofluid enclosure, revealing four distinct models based on thermal conductivity and viscosity correlations. The information review work is relevant. The review information work is relevant to flow tracers, prosthetic heart valves, oil pipelines, chemical industry separation methods, and oil recovery.

Effect of Magnetic Flow and Convective Heat Transfer Enhancement Using Hybrid Nanofluid: A Structured Review

Convective heat transfer is vital in a variety of engineering applications, including thermal management systems, electronic refrigeration, and energy conversion devices. Improving the rate of heat transfer in these systems is of the utmost significance for increasing their efficiency. This review focuses on the single and combined effects of these parameters on improving heat transmission in such systems. The heat and mass transfer of nanofluid is greatly influenced by various factors, including the intrinsic features of the nanofluid, the process used for synthesising the nanofluid, the impact of magnetic force, the concentration and size of nanoparticles, and the Reynolds number (Re). Furthermore, it is important to note that the material characteristics, thermal properties, and performance of magnetic nanofluids are significantly influenced by slight variations in the magnetic force and magnetic field gradient. Multiple research projects have reached the agreement that the inclusion of a magnetic field within magnetic nanoparticles enhances the convective heat transfer capabilities of a nanofluid, resulting in an improvement ranging from around 13% to 75%. Moreover, several applications of hybrid nanofluids in thermal systems have been introduced.

Significant enhancement of proton conductivity in solid acid at the monolayer limit

Proton transport in nanofluidic channels is not only fundamentally important but also essential for energy applications. Although various strategies have been developed to improve the concentration of active protons in the nanochannels, it remains challenging to achieve a proton conductivity higher than that of Nafion, the benchmark for proton conductors. Here, taking H3Sb3P2O14 and HSbP2O8 as examples, we show that the interactions between protons and the layer frameworks in layered solid acid HnMnZ2O3n+5 are substantially reduced at the monolayer limit, which significantly increases the number of active protons and consequently improves the proton conductivities by ∼8 ‒ 66 times depending on the humidity. The membranes assembled by monolayer H3Sb3P2O14 and HSbP2O8 nanosheets exhibit in-plane proton conductivities of ~ 1.02 and 1.18 S cm−1 at 100% relative humidity and 90 °C, respectively, which are over 5 times higher than the conductivity of Nafion. This work provides a general strategy for facilitating proton transport, which will have broad implications in advancing both nanofluidic research and device applications from energy storage and conversion to neuromorphic computing.