Application Of Space Technology Research Articles

High-temperature near-equiatomic TiNi strain glass

Strain glasses (STGs) exhibit many unique properties not available in their counterparts of martensites and have found applications in cutting-edge space technology. However, the strain glass transition temperature Tg is commonly too low to enrich applications, especially in prototypical TiNi-based shape-memory alloys (SMAs). Here we report a surprising finding of strain glass in Ti50.1Ni49.9 alloys with high Tg ∼290 K, which is the highest among existing TiNi STGs. It was achieved via a simple method of slight annealing at 573 K for 15 s on cold-rolled high Ms (martensitic transformation temperature) Ti50.1Ni49.9 SMAs. As a result, this near-equiatomic TiNi strain glass caused by cold-rolling-induced dislocations can inherit the high-Ms of Ti50.1Ni49.9 SMA and possess high Tg, manifested by a weak transition temperature decrease with cold-rolling reduction rate in the phase diagram.

Challenges and progress in applying space technology in support of the sustainable development goals

The global community, with coordination from the United Nations, is energized to pursue the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), a list of 17 important aspirations that summarize the key challenges of our era. The SDGs apply to every nation and represent an international effort to eliminate extreme poverty, ensure access to safe drinking water, strengthen food security, and produce clean and reliable energy, among other pursuits. Space technology is already being used around the world to advance progress toward the SDGs and monitor their related Indicators. This paper explores how six technologies related to space—satellite Earth observation, satellite communication, satellite navigation and positioning, human spaceflight and microgravity research, space technology transfer, and basic scientific research—are being used to realize the vision that the SDGs represent. The paper also discusses the obstacles that limit the application of these technologies for the SDGs and provides an overview of potential paths to overcome these barriers. The paper finally studies the historical and potential roles that four distinct types of entities involved in global sustainable development—governments, non- and inter-governmental organizations, entrepreneurial companies, and universities— have played or may play in the application of space technologies towards the SDGs.

A Radiation-Hardened Triple Modular Redundancy Design Based on Spin-Transfer Torque Magnetic Tunnel Junction Devices

Integrated circuits suffer severe deterioration due to single-event upsets (SEUs) in irradiated environments. Spin-transfer torque magnetic random-access memory (STT-MRAM) appears to be a promising candidate for next-generation memory as it shows promising properties, such as non-volatility, speed, and unlimited endurance. One of the important merits of STT-MRAM is its radiation hardness, thanks to its core component, a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ), being capable of good function in an irradiated environment. This property makes MRAM attractive for space and nuclear technology applications. In this paper, a novel radiation-hardened triple modular redundancy (TMR) design for anti-radiation reinforcement is proposed based on the utilization of STT-MTJ devices. Simulation results demonstrate the radiation-hardened performance of the design. This shows improvements in the design’s robustness against ionizing radiation.

Analyzing SpaceX's International Collaborations: Conflicts and Coordination Mechanisms with Space Partners

Space exploration is a challenging and complex endeavor that requires collaboration between countries and organizations to advance. SpaceX, a leading private aerospace company, has engaged in various international collaborations with space agencies and partners to drive the development and application of space technology. However, international partnerships can also give rise to conflicts and issues that require suitable coordination mechanisms to resolve. SpaceX manages these challenges through cross-functional teams, effective project management, and shared knowledge. Strategies like diversity in partnerships enhance cooperation. SpaceX's experiences provide valuable insights for future space collaborations. SpaceX gets a lot achievements with its partners like NASA. And SpaceX do many efforts to deal with the troubles with them. SpaceX's approach to international collaborations in the field of space exploration revolves around cross-functional teams, effective project management, knowledge sharing, diversity in partnerships, a shared strategic vision, and a commitment to learning from experience.

Multi-Objective Optimization of the Inconel 718 Turning Parameters Using MARCOS–Based Taguchi S/N ratio

Nickel-based alloys, such as Inconel 718, are widely used in space technology, rocket engines, nuclear reactors, petrochemicals, submarines, power plants, and other applications. It is classified as a challenging material to process due to its strong mechanical properties, low thermal conductivity, and other characteristics. The main objective of this work is to determine the optimal cutting parameters for turning Inconel 718 using a coated carbide tool, with the aim of reducing cutting tool vibration, minimizing surface roughness, and maximizing material removal rate. This is achieved by employing the Measurement of Alternatives and Ranking according to Compromise Solution technique (MARCOS) coupled with Taguchi's signal-to-noise ratio. The results have demonstrated that the configuration of the cutting parameters for achieving the aforementioned objectives is as follows: r = 0.8 mm, Vc = 70 mm/min, f = 0.08 mm/rev, and ap = 0.3 mm.

Research on Influence of Digital Media Works on Painting Work

Thanks to the technological revolution, mankind has entered the interactive era. Under the trend of digitalisation, the application of AI robots, meta-universe, ChatGPT, NFT, VR, virtual space and other technologies in creation, the combination of traditional painting and digital media technology not only changes the form of expression of the paintings themselves, but also guides the artist's way of thinking and semantic output in the act of creation, making the artist's The way of expression, media materials, creative stance and the state of the viewer have all undergone significant changes. What many artworks nowadays pursue is not the effect of the picture in the general sense, but the programme and process of the formation of the work. From this point of view, the aesthetic experience focuses on the process of contact between the viewer and the artwork, and the viewer's participation becomes more and more important in reflecting the value of the artwork. With the help of case studies, this article develops from three major points, namely, creative thinking, creative process and expression of works, to analyse the qualities of contemporary digital media art creation, focusing on the role of cultural aesthetics and way of thinking for artists and audiences. Finally, through the self-analysis and summary of the author's works combined with digital media technology.

A reverse chain search algorithm for the resource constraint in deep space detectors

Deep space exploration activities can effectively promote the development and application of space technology, which holds significant scientific and strategic value. Detectors operating in deep space are of long mission periods and substantial distance from Earth, posing challenges in timely resource replenishment. Moreover, scheduled missions may face external uncertainties, hindering their smooth execution. Therefore, resource constraint processing strategies that possess dynamic adjustment capabilities play a crucial role in ensuring the successful execution of deep space detectors. Existing methods mainly focus on studying fixed mission sequences, and the efficiency of planning methods is not high. Specifically, the single uncertainty is only considered, and there is a lack of detection and processing mechanisms, rendering the requirements of deep space detectors inadequate. In this paper, we propose a reverse chain search algorithm, aiming to efficiently plan missions subject to resource constraints and let the mission sequence to possess a certain degree of dynamic repair capability. The results have demonstrated that the resource allocated to each mission is within the resource value range. Compared with the classic algorithm, the proposed algorithm has fewer iterations and whose maximum flow value is accurate. Meanwhile, the potential resource constraints problem during execution can be alerted with the detection and warning system. The missions that were warned are repaired by a dynamic resource repair system, and the proposed algorithm is of higher efficiency and a certain ability to resist external uncertainties. Overall, this paper lays a solid foundation for the processing of resource constraints for deep space detectors.

The structure and micromechanical properties of TiAlSiN, TiAlSiCN coatings formed by the method of reactive magnetron sputtering

Nanostructured nitride TiAlSiN and carbonitride TiAlSiCN coatings are herein formed by reactive magnetron sputtering on various types of substrates: single-crystal silicon (100) and Titanium Grade2. To control and manage the coating process, the developed modular gas flow control complex (MGFCC) is used. The elemental composition is studied byenergy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), the structure by X-ray diffraction (XRD), the morphology by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), whereas the micromechanical properties by nanoindentation. It is discovered that the formed coatings over the entire range of parameters α = 0.421–0.605 have a single-phase structure (Ti,Al)N, which is a disordered solid solution with a face-centered cubic (fcc) lattice. The average crystallite size of the (Ti,Al)N phase varies in the range (20–30) ± 5 nm. It is found that a decrease in the degree of reactivity α from α = 0.605 to α = 0.421 leads to an increase in the rate of deposition of nitride TiAlSiN and carbonitride TiAlSiСN coatings on silicon substrates by 200–300 %. The hardness of the formed coatings varies in the range H = 28.74–48.99 GPa, Young’s modulus E = 324.97–506.12 GPa. TiAlSiN, TiAlSiCN coatings demonstrate high values of impact strength indices H/E* = 0.07–0.12 and plastic deformation resistance indices H3/E*2 = 0.13–0.72. It is detected that the degree of reactivity α has a significant effect on the micromechanical properties of the formed coatings. The structure and micromechanical properties of the formed nanostructured nitride and carbonitride TiAlSiN, TiAlSiCN coatings are suitable for use in space technology applications.

An algorithm of dynamic temporal constraints for the mission series in deep space detectors

Deep space exploration activities can effectively promote the development and application of space technology, which holds significant scientific and strategic value. The multi-mission and long-period detector is executed in deep space, and numerous temporal constraints are generated by mission planning. Moreover, scheduled missions may face external uncertainties, hindering their smooth execution. Therefore, temporal constraint processing strategies that possess dynamic adjustment capabilities play a crucial role in ensuring the successful execution of deep space detectors. Existing methods primarily concentrate on investigating fixed mission series, with limited efficiency in planning. Specifically, these methods do not rigorously enforce temporal constraints and lack the capability to handle the disruptions caused by emergencies, which hinder the smooth execution of planned missions. In this paper, we propose a dynamic temporal constraints algorithm, aiming to efficiently plan missions subject to temporal constraints and let it possess a certain degree of dynamic adjust capability. The simulation results demonstrate the effective simplification of redundant temporal constraints in mission networks by the proposed algorithm. In comparison to the classical algorithm, the computation time exhibits a clear advantage. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm possesses the capability to perform local, small-scale dynamic adjustments in response to emergencies that may disrupt the normal execution of missions. Consequently, this research establishes a robust basis for addressing temporal constraints in deep space detectors.

Optical properties of aluminum oxide powder modified by nanoparticles and prospects for its use in solar power and space industry

Studies on the phase composition, diffuse reflectance spectra (ρλ) and solar absorptance (αs) and their changes after modification of aluminum oxide powder by nanoparticles of cerium dioxide, magnesium oxide, silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide and zinc oxide are presented. The diffuse reflectance spectra and solar absorptance αs of nanoparticles used for modification were studied.In its initial state, Al2O3 was found to exhibit high reflectivity. The obtained value of the solar absorptance, 0.074, was significantly less than that of the widely used white reflective powders – ZnO and TiO2. After modification by nanoparticles of wide-band compounds, MgO and SiO2, the reflectivity of Al2O3 powder changed slightly. Modification by SiO2 nanoparticles at a concentration of 1 wt % decreased the solar absorptance to 0.064. At small concentrations (0.1–1 wt. %) of nanoparticles of semiconductor compounds, CeO2, TiO2 and ZnO, the absorption edge of Al2O3 powder shifted to a longer wavelength region of the spectrum. At 10 wt % concentration of nanoparticles, the absorption edge of Al2O3 powder shifted to a value close to the absorption edge of the initial nanopowders.Such nano-micropowder systems can be used to develop new materials with improved optical properties for solar power and space technology applications, as well as other applications that need high reflectance and low solar absorptance. New data on shifts of the main absorption edge after modification by semiconductor nanoparticles can be useful in developing new materials for photocatalysis.

Biocomposite Coatings Doped with Magnesium and Zinc Ions in Chitosan Matrix for Antimicrobial Applications.

Hydroxyapatite doped with magnesium and zinc in chitosan matrix biocomposites have great potential for applications in space technology, aerospace, as well as in the biomedical field, as a result of coatings with multifunctional properties that meet the increased requirements for wide applications. In this study, coatings on titanium substrates were developed using hydroxyapatite doped with magnesium and zinc ions in a chitosan matrix (MgZnHAp_Ch). Valuable information concerning the surface morphology and chemical composition of MgZnHAp_Ch composite layers were obtained from studies that performed scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), metallographic microscopy, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The wettability of the novel coatings, based on magnesium and zinc-doped biocomposites in a chitosan matrix on a titanium substrate, was evaluated by performing water contact angle studies. Furthermore, the swelling properties, together with the coating's adherence to the titanium substrate, were also analyzed. The AFM results emphasized that the composite layers exhibited the surface topography of a uniform layer, and that there were no evident cracks and fissures present on the investigated surface. Moreover, antifungal studies concerning the MgZnHAp_Ch coatings were also carried out. The data obtained from quantitative antifungal assays highlight the strong inhibitory effects of MgZnHAp_Ch against C. albicans. Additionally, our results underline that after 72 h of exposure, the MgZnHAp_Ch coatings display fungicidal features. Thus, the obtained results suggest that the MgZnHAp_Ch coatings possess the requisite properties that make them suitable for use in the development of new coatings with enhanced antifungal features.

A tensile property measuring system for miniaturized samples from 300 K to 70 K based on pulse tube cryocooler

With the rapid development and wide application of cryogenic, superconducting and space technologies in engineering fields, measurements of the mechanical properties especially the tensile properties of small-sized samples at cryogenic temperatures are more and more important. In this study, a tensile property measuring system for miniaturized samples was designed and built, where the samples can be measured from 300 K to 70 K with a resolution of 0.1 K. The cryogenic environment was provided by a pulse tube cryocooler. The force load applied to the sample was up to 10 N with a resolution of 0.001 N. The structure of the cryogenic system and sample holders were specially designed for miniaturized samples. A control and automatic data acquisition system was used to control and acquire data from all devices of the instrument. The simulations of the stretching part under load at cryogenic temperature were performed to ensure the measurement accuracy and reliability. To verify the performance and accuracy of the system, the tensile properties of two kinds of fine high-purity copper wires were measured at both 77 K and 300 K. The tensile measurement results were discussed and the measurement uncertainty of the system was analyzed. With different clamps more kinds of mechanical measurements of miniaturized samples can be carried out on this system.

Applications and Technologies of Big Data in the Aerospace Domain

Over the last few years, Big Data applications have attracted ever-increasing attention in several scientific and business domains. Biomedicine, transportation, entertainment, and aerospace are only a few examples of sectors which are increasingly dependent on applications, where knowledge is extracted from huge volumes of heterogeneous data. The main goal of this paper was to conduct an academic literature review of prominent publications revolving around the application of BD in aerospace. A total of 67 publications were analyzed, highlighting the sources, uses, and benefits of BD. For categorizing the publications, a novel 6-fold approach was introduced including applications in aviation technology and aviation management, UAV-enabled applications, applications in military aviation, health/environment-related applications, and applications in space technology. Aiming to provide the reader with a clear overview of the existing solutions, a total of 15 subcategories were also utilized. The results indicated numerous benefits deriving from the application of BD in aerospace. These benefits referred to the aerospace domain itself as well as to many other sectors including healthcare, environment, humanitarian operations, network communications, etc. Various data sources and different Machine Learning models were utilized in the analyzed publications and the use of BD-based techniques enabled us to extract useful correlations and gain useful insights from large volumes of data.

Development of urban underground space in coastal cities in China: A review

AbstractThe development of urban underground space is a critical way to alleviate the lack of urban resources, and improve environmental conditions as well as residents' quality of life, which has important practical significance. As the most densely populated and economically developed areas, coastal cities face many challenges in underground space development owing to their unique environmental geological conditions. This study examined the current situation of underground space development, academic research, technology application, evaluation methods, planning, and legislation in coastal cities in China. On this basis, it analyzed the future development trends, and presented reasonable suggestions for the critical scientific and technical problems faced by the development of underground space in coastal cities. The key suggestions are as follows: it is necessary to define and clarify the critical geological issues, distributions, and hazards that affect underground space development and major engineering construction in coastal cities; the land‐sea integrated detection technology for sea crossing bridges and submarine tunnels needs to be studied; in evaluating the suitability of underground space in coastal cities, the land and sea area evaluation factors should be integrated; and the evaluation system of land‐sea integration needs to be established.

Возможный способ защиты оптики космических аппаратов от микрометеорной эрозии

There is a huge potential in Russia for the application of space technology in exploration, especially in the oil and gas sector. Images from space are a valuable source of information for geological predictions. How long can optics last in space and provide high-quality images when exposed to a micrometeor shower? The article proposes a new way to protect optical instruments from micrometeor erosion. The method is based on the use of a self-healing surface of a thin layer of a special liquid applied to the surface to be protected. Liquid resistant to solar and cosmic radiation. The implementation of the method is possible due to the physics of interfacial phenomena under microgravity conditions in space. The technical details of the proposal are being discussed.

The Damage Analysis for Irradiation Tolerant Spin-Driven Thermoelectric Device Based on Single-Crystalline Y₃Fe₅O₁₂/Pt Heterostructures

Spin-driven thermoelectric (STE) generation based on the combination of the spin Seebeck effect (SSE) and inverse spin Hall effect is an alternative to conventional semiconductor-based thermocouples as it is large scale, low cost, and environment-friendly. The STE device is thought to be radiation hard, making it attractive for space and nuclear technology applications. By using magnetometry, transmission electron microscopy, and the hard X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (HAXPES) measurements, we show that an STE device made of single-crystalline Y <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> Fe <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</sub> (YIG)/Pt heterostructures has tolerance to irradiation of high-energy heavy ion beams. We used 200 MeV gold ion beams modeling cumulative damages due to fission products emitted from the surface of spent nuclear fuels. By varying the dose level, we confirmed that the thermoelectric and magnetic properties of the single-crystalline YIG/Pt STE device are finite at the ion-irradiation dose up to 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</sup> ions/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> fluence. In addition, the HAXPES measurements were performed to understand the effects at the interface of YIG/Pt. The HAXPES data suggest that the chemical reaction regarding Fe and O that diminishes the SSE signals is promoted with the increase of the irradiation dose. The understandings of the damage analysis in YIG/Pt are beneficial for developing better STE devices applicable to harsh environmental usages.

Application of Space Technologies Aimed at Proprioceptive Correction in Terrestrial Medicine in Russia.

Space technologies greatly contributed not only to space medicine but also to terrestrial medicine, which actively involves these technologies in everyday practice. Based on the existing countermeasures, and due to similarities of sensorimotor alterations provoked by the weightlessness with various neurological disorders, a lot of work has been dedicated to adaptation and introduction of these countermeasures for rehabilitation of patients. Axial loading suit and mechanical stimulation of the soles’ support zones are used in mitigation of stroke and traumatic brain injury consequences. They are also applied for rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy. Complex application of these proprioceptive correction methods in neurorehabilitation programs makes it possible to effectively treat neurological patients with severe motor disturbances and significant brain damage.

Performance Comparison of Quantized Control Synthesis Methods of Antenna Arrays

There is a great potential in small satellite technology for testing new sensors, processes, and technologies for space applications. Antennas need careful design when developing a small satellite to establish stable communication between the ground station and the satellite. This work is motivated by the design of an antenna array for a future rotatorless base station for the VZLUSAT group of Czech nano-satellites. The realized antenna array must cover a relatively broad range of elevation and azimuth angles, and the control must be fast enough to track the satellite in low Earth orbits. The paper deals with possibilities of synthesis of quantized control of the antenna array. It compares quantization influence for well-known deterministic synthesis methods. It shows the method for decreasing computational cost of synthesis using optimization approach and presents the multi-criteria optimization as a tool for reaching required radiation pattern shape and low sensitivity to quantization at the same time.

Potential of space science technology for water infrastructure management

This article examines the potential of space science technology for water infrastructure (WI) management. It defines space technology in detail, and when South Africa (SA) started using it as a tool. To explain the context, the different types of orbits, altitudes, and functions of satellites are given, as well as the challenges that satellites encounter in orbit, including the quantity and sizes of orbital debris also known as space junk. The article articulates the international and local challenges to WI and further introduces space technology as a tool that can assist to overcome the challenges. Legislation governing the application of space technology in SA is discussed and the different satellites owned by the various space agencies of Africa are outlined. A discussion on how space technology has boosted the economies and employment in Africa and South Africa is provided. How the various applications of the technology, such as remote sensing (RS), Earth observation (Eo), Geo-Information sciences, navigation, communication, safety, and security can assist WI management are discussed. Details about the involvement of various African and SA universities and colleges in space science programmes that benefit the communities are explained. Also outlined are some experiments performed on the International Space Station (ISS) that benefit the Earth and that could be useful to WI management.

Preface

Due to recent pandemic, the 2022 International Conference on Automation and Space Science and Technology (ASST 2022) was held virtually online during January 14-16, 2022. The decision to hold the virtual conference was made in compliance with many restrictions and regulations that were imposed by countries around the globe. Such restrictions were made to minimize the risk of people contracting or spreading the COVID-19 through physical contact. There were 60 individuals who attended this online conference, represented many countries including Malaysia, India, Japan, Pakistan, and China.China has stepped into the era of rapid development of space science applications, in which automation as a basic support discipline provides key theoretical and technical support. With the goal of the application of space science engineering, the 2022 International Conference on Automation and Space Science and Technology (ASST 2022) integrates the principles and achievements related to automation and intelligent systems, and intend to provide a new platform for communication and discussion in interdisciplinary fields and advance the further integration and development of automation and space technology.During the conference, the conference model was divided into three sessions, including oral presentations, keynote speeches, and online Q&A discussion. In the first part, some scholars, whose submissions were selected as the excellent papers, were given about 5-10 minutes to perform their oral presentations one by one. Then in the second part, keynote speakers were each allocated 30-45 minutes to hold their speeches. In the second part, we invited three professors as our keynote speakers. Prof. Quanxin Zhu, Hunan Normal University, China. His current research interests in Markov process, Stability and Control Theory and Application of Stochastic Systems, and a series of important developments have been made. And then we had Prof. Li Na, Xidian University, China. Her main research direction is high precision electronic equipment error theory, new system antenna structure design and optimization. Assoc. Prof. Fengnan Guo, our finale keynote speaker, from Dalian University of Technology, China. His current research interests focus on thermal fracture of composite materials, design of advanced astronautis propulsion and structural integrity analysis. Their insightful speeches had triggered heated discussion in the third session of the conference. Every participant praised this conference for disseminating useful and insightful knowledge.The proceedings are a compilation of the accepted papers and represent an interesting outcome of the conference. Topics include but are not limited to the following areas: Space detection technology, Air-ground joint technology, Automation in the application of space technology and more related topics. All the papers have been through rigorous review and process to meet the requirements of International publication standard.We would like to acknowledge all of those who supported ASST 2022. The help and contribution of each individual and institution was instrumental in the success of the conference. In particular, we would like to thank the organizing committee for its valuable inputs in shaping the conference program and reviewing the submitted papers.We sincerely hope that the ASST 2022 turned out to be a forum for excellent discussions that enabled new ideas to come about, promoting collaborative research. We are sure that the proceedings will serve as an important research source of references and knowledge, which will lead to not only scientific and engineering findings but also new products and technologies.List of Committee member are available in this pdf.