Applications In Fields Of Science Research Articles

Handling a Commensurate, Incommensurate, and Singular Fractional-Order Linear Time-Invariant System

From the perspective of the importance of the fractional-order linear time-invariant (FoLTI) system in plenty of applied science fields, such as control theory, signal processing, and communications, this work aims to provide certain generic solutions for commensurate and incommensurate cases of these systems in light of the Adomian decomposition method. Accordingly, we also generate another general solution of the singular FoLTI system with the use of the same methodology. Several more numerical examples are given to illustrate the core points of the perturbations of the considered singular FoLTI systems that can ultimately generate a variety of corresponding solutions.

Green Synthesis and Applications of Silver Nanoparticles: A Systematic Review

Nanotechnology has become the foremost promising and rising field of analysis as a result of its applications in numerous fields. Development of consistent and greener ways for the synthesis of nanoparticles could be a dynamic step in the field of nanotechnology. To avoid the emergence of dangerous by-products, many attempts have been made in recent years to develop environment friendly methods. “Green” synthesis is a consistent, sustainable, and environment friendly method for the synthesis of an enormous range of nanoparticles. Green synthesis is seen as an important tool to reduce the harmful effects of traditional nanoparticle synthesis methods commonly used in laboratories and industries. Nanoparticles exhibit unique chemical and physical properties that are useful in various fields. Among metallic nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles have become a research hotspot due to their wide range of applications. Silver nanoparticles are important because of their exceptional chemical, physical, and biological properties. Because of these unique characteristics, silver nanoparticles have numerous applications and are used as antifungal, antiviral, and antibacterial agents. They have an excellent catalytic effect on dye degradation, are very good antioxidants, and can be used to treat various diseases and exhibit wound-healing activities. The current review complies with the database of green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using plant extracts, bacteria, and fungi, which have potential applications in fields of science, health, textiles, food packaging, agriculture, and environment. The review also highlights the application of silver nanoparticles as antimicrobial, antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal agents. The knowledge on silver nanoparticle production conditions, properties, molecular mechanisms, and applications will be of great help for researchers to explore more applications of nanoparticles in fields that are still untouched.

Optimal Research in Piano Shape Sound and Sound Propagation Model Based on Nonlinear Differential Equations

Abstract Nonlinear differential equations are being used in many applied science fields such as engineering, there are more and more applications, such as musical instrumentation, chemistry, aerodynamics, cybernetics, signal and image processing, biophysics, complex media dynamics, etc. Mainly based on the analysis of the vibration and attenuation characteristics of piano strings, and on the theoretical basis of the discussion on the resonance effect of the resonance system, the model of the piano music simulation system is constructed, investigated a class of fractional nonlinear differential (integrative-differential) equations and systems of equations, fractional nonlinear differential equations on unbounded domains, and with multiple different fractional derivatives, and the existence of solutions to integral nonlinear impulse differential equations, uniqueness, multiple solutions, eigenvalue interval, as well as monotonic iterative sequences and error estimates that converge to the solutions of the corresponding equations. Finally, from the pitch frequency detection, formant point frequency estimation, and three aspects of spectrogram analysis, subjective evaluation experiments are carried out on the algorithm, and the experimental results verify the effectiveness of musical simulation.

Fractional Hypergeometric Functions

The fractional calculus of special functions has significant importance and applications in various fields of science and engineering. Here, we aim to find the fractional integral and differential formulas of the extended hypergeometric-type functions by using the Marichev–Saigo–Maeda operators. All the outcomes presented here are of general attractiveness and can yield a number of previous works as special cases due to the high degree of symmetry of the involved functions.

Text Mining from Free Unstructured Text: An Experiment of Time Series Retrieval for Volcano Monitoring

Volcanic activity may influence climate parameters and impact people safety, and hence monitoring its characteristic indicators and their temporal evolution is crucial. Several databases, communications and literature providing data, information and updates on active volcanoes worldwide are available, and will likely increase in the future. Consequently, information extraction and text mining techniques aiming to efficiently analyze such databases and gather data and parameters of interest on a specific volcano can play an important role in this applied science field. This work presents a natural language processing (NLP) system that we developed to extract geochemical and geophysical data from free unstructured text included in monitoring reports and operational bulletins issued by volcanological observatories in HTML, PDF and MS Word formats. The NLP system enables the extraction of relevant gas parameters (e.g., SO2 and CO2 flux) from the text, and was tested on a series of 2839 daily and weekly bulletins published online between 2015 and 2021 for the Stromboli volcano (Italy). The experiment shows that the system proves capable in the extraction of the time series of a set of user-defined parameters that can be later analyzed and interpreted by specialists in relation with other monitoring and geospatial data. The text mining system can potentially be tuned to extract other target parameters from this and other databases.

Effects of Cs+ and Arn+ ion bombardment on the damage of graphite crystals

Intercalation mechanisms and diffusion or segregation phenomena in graphitic materials play a crucial role in different applied science fields. The investigation of such phenomena is usually accomplished through depth profiling experiments. Ar-GCIBs (Argon- Gas Cluster Ion Beams) are commonly adopted for in-depth concentration profiling of organic or soft materials; on the other hand, cesium ions are in general more suitable for the sputtering of inorganics. During such experiments, the beam-target interaction could alter chemistry and structure of the material. In this work, we define the optimal conditions in terms of both sputtering ion source and energy to preserve the crystal features. HOPG was used as a model system to compare morphological, physical, and chemical effects induced by different Arn+ clusters, and ultra-low energy Cs+ beam during ToF-SIMS (Time of Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry) depth profiling experiments. We demonstrated, through in-situ AFM (Atomic Force Microscopy) analysis, that the monoatomic Cs+ beam alters to a lower extent the HOPG structure. On the contrary, Ar-GCIBs strongly modify the graphite surface basal plane and underlying layers. However, HOPG crystals treated with the cesium monoatomic source undergo a chemistry modification leading to the formation of graphite oxide (GOx) together with the presence of hydrogen, and cesium adducts.

Low-Cost Multifunctional Vacuum Chamber for Manufacturing PDMS Based Composites

Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is one of the best known elastomers and has been used in several areas of activity, due to its excellent characteristics and properties, such as biocompatibility, flexibility, optical transparency and chemical stability. Furthermore, PDMS modified with other materials promotes the desired changes to broaden its range of applications in various fields of science. However, the heating, mixing and degassing steps of the manufacturing process have not received much attention in recent years when it comes to blending with solid materials. For instance, PDMS has been extensively studied in combination with waxes, which are frequently in a solid state at room temperature and as a result the interaction and manufacturing process are extremely complex and can compromise the desired material. Thus, in this work it is proposed a multifunctional vacuum chamber (MVC) with the aim to improve and accelerate the manufacturing process of PDMS composites combined with additives, blends and different kinds of solid materials. The MVC developed in this work allows to control the mixing speed parameters, temperature control and internal pressure. In addition, it is a low cost equipment and can be used for other possible modifications with different materials and processes with the ability to control those parameters. As a result, samples fabricated by using the MVC can achieve a time improvement over 133% at the heating and mixing step and approximately 200% at the last degassing step. Regarding the complete manufacturing process, it is possible to achieve an improvement over 150%, when compared with the conventional manufacturing process. When compared to maximum tensile strength, specimens manufactured using the MVC have shown a 39% and 65% improvement in maximum strain. The samples have also shown a 9% improvement in transparency at room temperature and 12% at a temperature of about 75 °C. It should be noted that the proposed MVC can be used for other blends and manufacturing processes where it is desirable to control the temperature, agitation speed and pressure.

An Introduction to Quantum Computing

We present an overview of quantum computing, including relevant physics, processes, and applications. This includes describing the basic framework of the quantum bit, which serves as the foundation for the rest of this paper. We found rapid developments in quantum computing, which will have important consequences for future applications in scientific fields.

Study of Non-Newtonian biomagnetic blood flow in a stenosed bifurcated artery having elastic walls

Fluid structure interaction (FSI) gained attention of researchers and scientist due to its applications in science fields like biomedical engineering, mechanical engineering etc. One of the major application in FSI is to study elastic wall behavior of stenotic arteries. In this paper we discussed an incompressible Non-Newtonian blood flow analysis in an elastic bifurcated artery. A magnetic field is applied along x direction. For coupling of the problem an Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian formulation is used by two-way fluid structure interaction. To discretize the problem, we employed P_{2} P_{1} finite element technique to approximate the velocity, displacement and pressure and then linearized system of equations is solved using Newton iteration method. Analysis is carried out for power law index, Reynolds number and Hartmann number. Hemodynamic effects on elastic walls, stenotic artery and bifurcated region are evaluated by using velocity profile, pressure and loads on the walls. Study shows there is significant increase in wall shear stresses with an increase in Power law index and Hartmann number. While as expected increase in Reynolds number decreases the wall shear stresses. Also load on the upper wall is calculated against Hartmann number for different values of power law index. Results show load increases as the Hartmann number and power law index increases. From hemodynamic point of view, the load on the walls is minimum for shear thinning case but when power law index increased i.e. for shear thickening case load on the walls increased.

High pressure investigations on TTF-TCNQ charge-transfer complexes

Charge-transfer complexes (CTC) exhibit promising application in scientific field. A prototype CTC (TTF-TCNQ), formed by charge donating (tetrathiafulvalene) and charge accepting (tetracyanoquinodimethane) molecule, was systematically studied by Raman method. By combining Raman and synchrony X-ray diffraction (XRD), we investigated the high-pressure structures of TTF-TCNQ up to 15 GPa, and did not observe any first-order phase transition. Finally, a detailed evolution of structure for TTF-TCNQ, versus pressure, is provided, offering a new pathway to investigate the structural stability of CTC.

A multi‐objective distance vector‐hop localization algorithm based on differential evolution quantum particle swarm optimization

SummaryWireless sensor networks (WSNs) have actively been considered in vast amount of applications in fields of science and engineering. The node location technology is one of the most critical technologies of WSNs. Aiming at the problem of distance vector‐hop (DV‐HOP) algorithm's excessive estimation error, we propose in this article a multi‐objective DV‐HOP localization algorithm based on differential evolution quantum particle swarm optimization (DQPSO‐DV‐HOP). First, the set of anchor nodes generated during the deployment phase that would cause large errors is eliminated, and a correction factor is introduced to modify the average hop distance to reflect the actual situation of the network better. In the node localization phase, the objective function we propose is optimized under a combination of the DE and QPSO algorithms, so the estimated results of unknown nodes are optimized and modified by using the QPSO algorithm of fast convergence, which is easy to converge to the optimal global value. Simulation results show that the localization stability, accuracy, and convergence given by the proposed DQPSO‐DV‐HOP algorithm are better than other schemes. High precision positioning algorithm can improve the accuracy of energy consumption monitoring and provide more accurate data for energy saving management.

Structural Parameter Analysis of Mg Doped ZnO Nano Rods by Fuzzy Logic Controller

<p class="PARAGRAPH">ZnO nanorods have been extensively studied owing to their exceptional materials properties as well as outstanding performance in optics, electronics, and photonics. Lately, photocatalytic applications of ZnO nanorods are of greater interest in ecological defense applications. When magnesium is doped with ZnO, the properties of nanorods can be improved for several potential applications in diverse fields of science and technology. In this work, we have studied the effect of parameters like doping concentration and temperature for solution-based growth on the diameter and length of the nanorods grown on the glass substrate. Fuzzy logic controller has been used to calculate precise and accurate results as the fuzzy logic system is based on human-like reasoning. The analysis of the dependence of diameter and length of Mg doped ZnO nanorods on different input parameters is done by fuzzy simulations and the simulated results are then compared with the calculations done using Mamdani’s model. A percentage error that is almost negligible is calculated between the simulated and calculated values. </p>

Analytical Chemistry and Innovative Applications

In this issue of the Journal “Analytica”, there is a selection of accepted articles, after peer-review process, in which the great importance that Analytical Chemistry plays in the field of Applied Sciences and the vastness of the implications in the various sectors are highlighted [...]

Automated Detection of Marine Glacier Calving Fronts Using the 2-D Wavelet Transform Modulus Maxima Segmentation Method

Changes in the calving front position of marine-terminating glaciers strongly influence the mass balance of glaciers, ice caps, and ice sheets. At present, quantification of frontal position change primarily relies on time-consuming and subjective manual mapping techniques, limiting our ability to understand changes to glacier calving fronts. Here we describe a newly developed automated method of mapping glacier calving fronts in satellite imagery using observations from a representative sample of Greenland’s peripheral marine-terminating glaciers. Our method is adapted from the 2-D wavelet transform modulus maxima (WTMM) segmentation method, which has been used previously for image segmentation in biomedical and other applied science fields. The gradient-based method places edge detection lines along regions with the greatest intensity gradient in the image, such as the contrast between glacier ice and water or glacier ice and sea ice. The lines corresponding to the calving front are identified using thresholds for length, average gradient value, and orientation that minimize the misfit with respect to a manual validation data set. We demonstrate that the method is capable of mapping glacier calving fronts over a wide range of image conditions (light to intermediate cloud cover, dim or bright, mélange presence, etc.). With these time series, we are able to resolve subseasonal to multiyear temporal patterns as well as regional patterns in glacier frontal position change.

Peer review declaration

All papers published in this volume of Journal of Physics: Conference Series have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing. Type of peer review: Single-blind / Double-blind / Triple-blind / Open / Other (please describe) Of the 213 articles received by the committee, there were 2 articles that did not include the full paper, so the committee rejected the article. Furthermore, 211 articles were submitted to the reviewer for a review process using the single-blind type (the reviewer knows the author of the article). The reviewers at the ICAISD-2020 seminar consist of experts in the fields of Applied Science, Artificial Intelligence, and Management who have at least 5 Scopus-Index qualifications in their respective fields.Reviewer gives a score of 3 to -1 (3 Strong accept, 2 Accept, 1 Weak accept, 0 Borderline paper, -1 Weak reject, -2 Reject, -3 Strong reject).Furthermore, based on the provisions of the seminar committee meeting, the articles received are those that have a score of 0 to 3 with the number of articles 148 which will then be camera ready by uploading the revised article on the icaisd.info. Meanwhile, articles with a score of-3 to -1 were rejected with a total of 63 articles. Conference submission management system: Conference Management System used is easychair☐ Number of submissions received: 213 ☐ Number of submissions sent for review: 211 Number of submissions accepted: Numbers of accepted articles are 148 however, 3 authors do not do the presentation of their articles.☐ Acceptance Rate (Number of Submissions Accepted / Number of Submissions Received X 100): 69,48 Average number of reviews per paper: Each article is on average reviewed by 2 reviewers, if one reviewer accepts and one reviewer rejects, we will give it to the third reviewer to take into consideration whether the article is accepted or rejected. Total number of reviewers involved: Total numbers of reviewers involved are 22 persons Any additional info on review process: After the review process is complete, the accepted article will be informed to the author to be corrected / revised and re-uploaded the revised document and its presentation document via the http://icaisd.info/icaisd/login.aspx page to be presented again on 6-7 August 2020 via Zoom☐ Contact person for queries: Mr. Agus Priadi

Linear convergence of inexact descent method and inexact proximal gradient algorithms for lower-order regularization problems

The $$\ell _p$$ regularization problem with $$0< p< 1$$ has been widely studied for finding sparse solutions of linear inverse problems and gained successful applications in various mathematics and applied science fields. The proximal gradient algorithm is one of the most popular algorithms for solving the $$\ell _p$$ regularisation problem. In the present paper, we investigate the linear convergence issue of one inexact descent method and two inexact proximal gradient algorithms (PGA). For this purpose, an optimality condition theorem is explored to provide the equivalences among a local minimum, second-order optimality condition and second-order growth property of the $$\ell _p$$ regularization problem. By virtue of the second-order optimality condition and second-order growth property, we establish the linear convergence properties of the inexact descent method and inexact PGAs under some simple assumptions. Both linear convergence to a local minimal value and linear convergence to a local minimum are provided. Finally, the linear convergence results of these methods are extended to the infinite-dimensional Hilbert spaces. Our results cannot be established under the framework of Kurdyka–Łojasiewicz theory.

Editorial for Advancement in the Vicinity of Applied Science

Advances in Applied Science Research is an Open Access Journal that is the foremost source for peer-reviewed articles offering the newest information on every facet of Applied Science. The journal encourages to publish innovative ideas in the field of Biodiversity Environmental Engineering, Medicine Research, Biological Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Applied Chemistry, Information and communication technology and Nuclear Sciences; thereby providing a flourishing base for novel researches and outcomes in related fields of Applied Science. In this issue some of the impactful research articles that were published by the journal will be discussed

Toward optimal acoustophoretic microparticle manipulation by exploiting asymmetry.

The performance of a micro-acousto-fluidic device designed for microparticle trapping is simulated using a three-dimensional (3D) numerical model. It is demonstrated by numerical simulations that geometrically asymmetric architecture and actuation can increase the acoustic radiation forces in a liquid-filled cavity by almost 2 orders of magnitude when setting up a standing pressure half wave in a microfluidic chamber. Similarly, experiments with silicon-glass devices show a noticeable improvement in acoustophoresis of 20-μm silica beads in water when asymmetric devices are used. Microparticle acoustophoresis has an extensive array of applications in applied science fields ranging from life sciences to 3D printing. A more efficient and powerful particle manipulation system can boost the overall effectiveness of an acoustofluidic device. The numerical simulations are developed in the COMSOL Multiphysics® software package (COMSOL AB, Stockholm, Sweden). By monitoring the modes and magnitudes of simulated acoustophoretic fields in a relatively wide range of ultrasonic frequencies, a map of device performance is obtained. 3D resonant acoustophoretic fields are identified to quantify the improved performance of the chips with an asymmetric layout. Four different device designs are analyzed experimentally, and particle tracking experimental data qualitatively supports the numerical results.

A Comparative Voltammetric Study of a Chemically Modified Octa(3-Aminopropyl)Octasilsesquioxane and DAB-AM-16 Dendrimer Supported on the Silica Gel Surface for Dipyrone Detection

Octa(3-aminopropyl)octasilsesquioxane and DAB-AM-16 dendrimer, due to their specific chemical and physical properties, give wide application in various fields of science. Because they have a large number of NH2 reactive groups at their ends, they are capable of interacting with different substances, generating in this way different compounds with enormous analytical potential that can be used in the electrocatalytic determinations and oxidations of some substances of environmental and biological interest. In this work, after a rigorous voltammetric study, the electroanalytical potentiality of the chemically Ni2+ metal ions chealed silica gel surface modified with octa(3-aminopropyl)octasilsesquioxane and DAB-AM-16 dendrimer was tested for dipyrone detection. The cyclic voltammogram of the graphite paste electrode, with both materials (20% w/w) showed two redox process. The following formal potential (Eθ′) values for both materials were identical: (Eθ′)I = 0,26 V; (Eθ′)II = 0,51 V vs Ag/AgCl (KCl = 1.0 mol L−1; v = 20 mV s−1). For dipyrone detection assay, the limite of detection were of 9.17 × 10−5 mol L−1 with an amperometric sensitivity of 15.78 mA / mol L−1 with a relative standard deviation of ±3% (n = 3) and of 4.79 × 10−4 mol L−1 with an amperometric sensitivity of 11.10 mA / mol L−1 with a relative standard deviation of ±2% (n = 3) respectively for silica gel surface modified with octa(3-aminopropyl)octasilsesquioxane and DAB-AM-16 dendrimer.

Ensino Religioso: um campo de aplicação da Ciência da Religião

O artigo a seguir representa um esforço de síntese sobre a narrativa da formação do Ensino Religioso nos documentos oficiais brasileiros relacionados à Educação. Assim, pretende ser um instrumento teórico-pedagógico para a compreensão desse componente curricular como um campo da Ciência Aplicada da Religião. Para alcançar esse objetivo dividimos o texto em três partes. Na primeira parte são abordadas as possíveis classificações do Ensino Religioso, que seriam: subárea de conhecimento da Ciência da Religião ou, Ciência da Religião Aplicada e componente curricular, que compõe o conjunto das disciplinas oferecidas no nível do Ensino Fundamental brasileiro. Na segunda parte do artigo são discutidos alguns elementos dos documentos oficiais, a Base Nacional Comum Curricular (2017) e as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para Licenciaturas em Ciência da Religião (2018), que asseguram a oferta do Ensino Religioso, segundo um modelo reflexivo e laico. Por fim, na terceira parte são apresentados e discutidos alguns pressupostos epistemológicos e metodológicos da CRE, que servem à fundamentação teórica e prática do Ensino Religioso.