Application Of Electronic Technology Research Articles

The Potential of Electronic Communication and Information Technologies as Research Tools: Promise and Perils for the Future of Communication Research

Scholars across several disciplines praise the methodological advantages afforded to research endeavors by the use of electronic communication and information technologies. At the same time, however, scholars note several disadvantages stemming from the use of these tools. To assess the utility of electronic communication and information technologies as research tools, we synthesize work on the methodological issues surrounding the use of these technologies for the future of communication research. Our overarching goal is to review prior and current perspectives in order to appropriately assess and critique the use of electronic tools in research pursuits while informing future applications of these tools in the field. Throughout the chapter we articulate the argument that sound theoretical and methodological practices determine the appropriateness of the application of any particular tool. Accordingly, our focus is on the specific methodological concerns that arise with the use of electronic technologies in the conduct of research. We organize our discussion into six major sections: sampling issues; data integrity concerns, including the reliability and validity of research design and measures; the potential afforded by electronic communication and information technologies; contemporary ethical considerations; an explicit assessment of the future of communication research in view of the application of electronic technologies; and a concluding section that establishes the contribution of our review and briefly outlines outstanding issues.

A New Experiment in Research on Hybrid Systems: The Center of Excellence DEWS

The Architectures and Design of Embedded controllers, Wireless interconnect and System-on-chip Center of Excellence (DEWS) was established in 2001 under the auspices of the Ministry of University and Scientific Research of the Italian Governnlent. Its goals are to foster research in a number of important topics that are the foundation of novel applications of electronic technology. In particular, DEWS research has been focused on these topics:• embedded controllers, their mathematical underpinnings (hybrid system analysis and synthesis)• design methodologies for embedded software and systems-on-chip• automotive electronic system design• wireless sensor networks for environment monitoring• electrical motors

Karl Eibl , Fotis Jannidis , Marianne Willems (review)

MLR,96.3,200I 883 (Stuttgart: Metzler, I985),to whichtheauthors acknowledge their debt.The changes inthe political climate andthediversification ofliterary methodologies are linked, notalways insufficient detail, tothe'Lenzrenaissance' intheI970Sand I980S.A brief butpithy summary oftheveritable boominLenzscholarship in Germany and abroad is the result. The finalchapter, entitled 'The Lenz Bicentennial', surveys theincreasingly 'apolitical' (p. IO5)direction oftheflourishing Lenzindustry during theI990S,particularly intheUnited States. Possible future lines ofenquiry aresuggested, themost important ofwhich concerns the lack ofa critical edition, although thisis somewhat underplayed. Attheendofthe volume anextensive, butbynomeans exhaustive, bibliography isgiven. At timesLeidnerand Wurst, perhapsoverly keento maketheir'cultural experiment' work, are guilty ofgeneralizations and inaccuracies (forexample, Alfred notMaurice Jarry, p.49).Nevertheless, given this short study's scopeand widetarget audience, theauthors do provide a timely and readily digestible retrospective bothonthevarious attempts totackle the'Ratsel'ofLenzand,less convincingly, ontheevolution ofcriticism itself. LONDON JAMES GIBBONS Der junge Goethe inseiner Zeit. Sdmtliche Werke, Briefe, Wagebucher und Schrzften bisI775. Ed.byKARL EIBL, FOTIS JANNIDIS andMARIANNE WILLEMS. Frankfurt a.M. andLeipzig: Insel.I998. 706+ 773pp.+ CD-ROM. DM 88. Several applications ofelectronic technology tothepresentation ofliterary texts haverecently appeared atanaffiordable price, butthis isoneofthe first that hasthe completeness that isrequired for serious academic research andthe first I amaware ofthat intelligently combines theresources ofdiXerent media, theprinted book, CD-ROM andWorld-Wide Web.LikeDer junge Goethe, edited byHannaFischerLamberg , in6 volumes (Berlin, I963-74),which itfollows intextual matters, this edition covers thecomplete output ofGoethe before hismove toWeimar inI775, butcontains a great dealofadditional material aswellastheelectronic means for processing it.Itisalsoconsiderably fuller inits annotations. Thepresent package isbasedontherecognition that printed booksaremore convenient forsustained reading thancomputer screens. The twovolumes of printed matter contain a generous selection ofGoethe's writing from this period, andthey havethebenefit over Derjunge Goethe ofoften allowing thereader toseea particular poemindifferent contexts when itappeared inmore than onecollection. Theonly disappointment isthat relatively few ofGoethe's letters areincluded. The CD-ROM,onthe other hand, contains, asfar asispossible, everything that Goethe wrote before hewent toWeimar (including further letters andlegaldocuments, as wellas several drawings), and doesso in a form which allowsthetexts to be searched, analysed andcopied bymeans ofthe'Folio Views' programme provided, which, with a certain amount ofpractice, works well. However, the particular value ofthis package lies justasmuch inthewealth ofadditional material contained on theCD-ROM,which justifies the phrase 'inseiner Zeit':itcontains sections notby Goethe incollaborative writings (Von deutscher Art und Kunst, 246articles from the Frankfurter Gelehrten Anzeigen ofI772),lateradaptations ofearlier works (parallel editions ofFaust andWerther), andlater reflections byGoethe onthis period ofhis life (including thecomplete Dichtung undWahrheit). Atthesametime itincludes a selection ofcontemporary texts (byLenz,Klinger, Nicolai andothers) which reflect onGoethe as a historical phenomenon, andalsotexts known tohaveinfluenced Goethe, including Hederich's complete Mythologisches Lexikon (though not indigitized 884 Revzews form) andthefull text oftheBible.Evenwith this quantity ofmaterial there are, perhaps inevitably, problems ofseleetion: poems inwhieh Lenzrefers toGoethe are missing, and,more seriously, theoriginal sourees ofsomeofGoethe's translations ('Naeh Falkonet und uberFalkonet'), but theresourees of thispaekageare nevertheless invaluable. Therearerather more misprints than onewould like, and these ofeourse eanplayhavoewith eleetronie searehes, butevenheretheeditors forestall eritieism. They havesetupa web-site from whieh itispossible todownload a maskthateorreets known misprints, so thattheuserean always updatethe eleetronie version ofthetext. Thisisan edition that isindispensable for researeh into the earlier Goethe, butitisalsoa model ofthe way that teehnology eanenhanee the more traditional print medium. UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM DAVID HILL DerWeimarer Musenhof: Literatur, Musik und Wanz, Gartenkunst, Geselligkeit, Malerei. By GABRIELE BUSCH-SALMEN, WALTER SALMEN and CHRISTOPH MICHEL. Stuttgart andWeimar: Metzler. I998. Viii + 237 pp. DM 78. Thisisa beautifully presented andfinely illustrated hardbaek volume intowhieh mueh effiort hasobviously beenputtoensure that visual matter andeommentary are as praetieally orientated as possible. The result is an aeeessible arrayof faseinating primary material, whieh, together with some straightforward narrative, sueeeeds inproviding a eomprehensive overview oflife atAnnaAmalia's Musenhof: High-quality reproduetions of watereolours, oil-paintings, silhouettes, musieal examples, maps andphotographs allhelp tobring eighteenth-eentury Weimar very mueh alive. Inspite ofthetitle's allusion tofive main subjeet areas theauthors' departure point for sueha wideexpanse ofinformation isWieland's ideaofa 'Verbund der sehwesterliehen Kunste' theseopeofthebookaetually extends beyond even these. Chapter 2,'HauserundRaumeimWeiehbild derResidenz', for example, examines theimportanee oftherebuilding oftheResidenzsehloss andofAnna Amalia'soecupaney oftheWittumspalais forthedevelopment oftheMusenhof; whilst Chapter 5,'Singen inSehule, Kirehe undHaus',likewise looks outside the immediate eonfines ofthe eourt toprovide thereader with information rarely dealt with in soeialandcultural studies on...

Issues of Education for Dairy Foods Scientists: Food Science vs. Dairy Science

The issues are considered under the headings of 1) quantity of graduates needed at the three degree levels, 2) quantities of students available for the educational programs, 3) content of the curricula at participating universities, 4) methods of teaching, 5) application of electronic technology to both teaching and industrial practice, 6) influence of the changing industry, and 7) factors affecting locations of dairy industry facilities and of educational institutions involved in specialized discovery, education and service.

Preface

Preface This volume offers a selection of papers presented at the conference, “Crossing the Stages: The Production, Performance and Reception of Ancient Theater,” held in Saskatoon in October of 1997. As the conference title suggests, the goal was to bring together individuals representing different approaches to the ancient stage: theater history, philology, modern production, pedagogy, literary criticism, feminism, reception, iconography, the study of theater and society (modern as well as ancient), the application of electronic technology)… the list goes on. Most of the forty-one presenters wore more than one of the above hats, but all shared a common malaise with the relative isolation in which many of us operate. Although it has been over twenty years since the publication of Oliver Taplin’s Stagecraft in Aeschylus, engagement with the works of the ancient dramatists as performance is still generally confined to marginal specialized studies. Philologists are not well versed in the realities of performance, as a rule—particularly masked performance—and often have only a limited familiarity with the latest work on the archeology of the ancient stage, especially in the rapidly developing study of iconography. And, while communication between stage and audience has assumed a more prominent position in the general scholarly consciousness, a guarded mistrust of performance criticism persists (e.g., Simon Goldhill, “Reading Performance Criticism,” vi Syllecta Classica 10 (1999) G&R 36 [1989] 172–82). As a result of these and other factors, it is still possible to surprise and delight even experts in the field when demonstrating just how good the works of Menander, Terence, and—yes—even Euripides and Plautus can be when performed on stage, and to suggest nuances that remained hidden on the page. On the other hand, those involved in modern reproductions of the plays often choose to disregard or radically reinterpret the cues of the original texts for a variety of reasons: practical limitations (the all too common inadequacies of financing, space, time, or—particularly in the case of student performances—the number or abilities of the actors); the need to accommodate the tastes of a modern audience; the use of translations (which imposes its own peculiar limitations); the desire to tease out new implications from these ancient works. In the end, the line that separates reinterpretation from misappropriation or mere distortion can often seem quite thin, and is in any case notoriously difficult to locate. Moreover, modern producers themselves present a divided community: school productions staged under the guidance of classical scholars generally see little input from colleagues in departments of drama, while more professional productions often seem to make but limited use of a classics “resource person.” More enduring forms of collaboration between those familiar with the ancient texts and those who understand the dynamics of the modern stage are relatively rare. At the same time, most of us have only a cursory acquaintance with the modern tradition of reproduction and adaptation. The works of Plautus, Terence, and the tragedians, in particular, have a rich history of reinterpretation that stretches back to the fifteenth century and includes, not only dramatic reproductions and adaptations in a variety of styles, but masque, spectacle, opera, puppet show, and film. Precise information about such performances can be difficult to obtain, however, and often fails to rise above the level of the colorful anecdote; even in the case of more recent productions, such material is frequently the possession of a privileged few—those, for example, who happen to have access to videotaped recordings (often pirated) or were fortunate enough to attend an actual performance. The interpretation of such productions presents still another challenge, since it often entails knowledge of languages, Preface vii cultures, dramatic traditions, and/or media in which many traditional classicists possess no special competency. Finally, although an increasing number of scholars now make some use of computer technology in their work, the exact potential and (just as important) limitations of such resources remain uncertain to many. The Saskatoon conference provided an opportunity for the sharing of such varied interests, experiences, and areas of expertise. The selection of studies presented here focuses on three areas of specific interest, with a particular emphasis on matters of performance and on the...

The development of a European information society

The development of a society reliant on information is traced from the scientific revolutions of the mid‐seventeenth century. Throughout Europe (and later the world) this led to new methods of dissemination and control of published information, through libraries and other institutions, and more recently through the application of electronic technology. The term “information society” should not be restricted to an IT‐based culture: the roots are much deeper and the concept of information continues a long tradition.

Electronic Career Search

Career counselors should familiarize themselves with technological resources so that they can encourage job seekers and career changers to incorporate more search techniques for seeking, finding, and obtaining employment opportunities. This article presents electronic technology applications such as the following: communicating with others involved in the process of finding employment; sending electronic résumés to potential employers; searching for geographic, economic, and demographic characteristics; and obtaining career development information and guidance.

The development and application of electronic technology to increase health, safety, and productivity in the South African coal mining industry

South Africa's coal mining industry is of vital economic importance. This paper describes some of the major electronic achievements within that industry over the past ten to 15 years. Basic design criteria formulated for systems to be used underground is discussed. The experience gained with the implementation of the systems, especially the human factor, is examined. Future directions to be followed by some of the research programs are presented.

Nursing on the electronic highway

Notes prepared by Helen Hamilton, Lois Hazelton and Keith O'Brien, from a paper presented by Dr Kathleen McCormick at Royal College of Nursing, Australia's National Forum, Canberra in May 1996. The original paper identified the potential, current trends and applications of electronic technology, and also discussed some of the difficulties and barriers to realising the full potential of this technology in health care, education and research.

Russian (Soviet) contributions to musical acoustics

The former isolation of Russia has made many scientific works and results unknown to researchers in the Western countries. This is unfortunate, as the history of musical acoustics in Russia shows many interesting ideas and pioneer results reached by highly talented and enthusiastic scientists. Best known is probably Lev Termen with his ‘‘theremin’’—the first application of electronic technology to musical art. A. V. Rimski‐Korsakov, one of the most distinguished Russian acousticians, started his scientific career with investigations of stringed instruments. This paper presents a bibliography of Russian‐Soviet publications on musical acoustics (in English translation), covering the period 1885–1994.

発電システムの電子化

発電システムの電子化

Education: Bringing learning home: Instructional TV: New experiments with television as a teaching medium are promising a democratization of learning beyond even that accomplished by the public schools

The invention of movable type and the printing press by Johann Gutenberg, a mechanical revolution in education, extended access to knowledge stored in print from elite scholars and scribes to the masses. This, in turn, gave rise to universal literacy and the establishment of public schools for education. But the growth in applications of electronic technologies may have an even more rapid and democratic effect than the public schools have had. It will extend formal learning beyond the classroom into the home and work place.

Advanced propulsion controls — a total system view

As in many other branches of engineering, progress in propulsion controls has, for the past 30 years, meant the increasing application of electronics.Throughout this period, the whole Aero-Engine Industry has used electronics to perform various limiting functions, particularly in the form of jet-pipe temperature limiters. However, Rolls-Royce and the British Controls Industry are undoubtedly the pioneers in the radical application of electronic technology to the control of aero gas turbines. World-wide, there are still only two aero engines in civil operation today with ‘Full-Authority’ electronic controls. They are:The Rolls-Royce Proteus turboprop which has accumulated seven million hours in the Britannia since its entry into service in 1957. Its pre-transistor Ultra system still uses magnetic amplifiers and has achieved a very high reliability indeed, (in-flight shut-down rate = four per million engine hours).

Electronics in medicine: A mixed blessing: Technology does lots more, but at a price

Application of electronic technology in medicine and its cost are analysed.

New dimensions in cardiovascular education: Application of electronic technology to teaching and testing

In an attempt to bring patient-oriented bedside cardiovascular physical diagnosis to large numbers of students, a highly mobile electronic and television teaching facility has been assembled and utilized which can provide up to 300 students with sound, pulse and visual data from patients. While one patient is being examined, a teacher can instruct an entire class of students, all hearing, seeing and palpating the same events. Heart sounds and pulsations can be provided as actual or recorded data. Information can be projected by television camera from the physical findings of the patient being presented or from data recorded on video tape. Any combination of sounds, pulsations and visual information in real time can be provided, thus permitting the actual physical examination to be reproduced. In addition, while the student is listening to heart sounds through a stethophone and feeling pulsations on a palpator unit, he can see on television monitors near his seat a visual display of those events programmed in a variety of ways. Immediate visual correlation of what is being heard and felt can be achieved, and direct correlations between physical signs and underlying anatomic and physiologic features can be provided to the student by utilizing this system during cardiac catheterization. The system can be used for full class teaching or self-instruction from freshman through postgraduate levels of medical education. Experience with application of this system to teaching and testing during one academic year demonstrated its effectiveness in (1) enhancing efficiency of learning clinical skills, (2) increasing student-patient contact time, and (3) evaluating clinical skills of an entire medical student class.

Dielectric films for capacitor applications in electronic technology : J. R. Szedon and W. J. Takei. Proc. IEEE. 59, No. 10 (1971), p. 1434

Dielectric films for capacitor applications in electronic technology : J. R. Szedon and W. J. Takei. Proc. IEEE. 59, No. 10 (1971), p. 1434

Dielectric films for capacitor applications in electronic technology

In microelectronic applications, various approaches have been used to provide high capacitance thin film components. None of these has been widely accepted for reasons that are both technical and economic. Limited applications have been made of silicon and other simple oxides, e.g., of aluminum or tantalum, as dielectric media. Particularly in the area of microwave integrated circuits, requirements for high frequency, high specific capacitance, low to moderate loss, and integrability call for new thin film approaches. These requirements will only be met by using more complex compounds, possibly of ferroelectric materials. Aspects of material preparation, composition evaluation, and dielectric performance of thin film bismuth titanates are treated in a manner which should be of value in considering other complex dielectrics for similar use. Of particular technological importance is the use of thin silica barrier layers at the metal electrodes to permit achieving low dielectric loss.

Education system blamed for technician shortage

'There is virtually no area of repetitive industrial action that cannot be automated through the application of electronic technology'. This statement from the report2 of the Electronics Economic Development Committee working group on scientific and technological manpower illustrates the central part to be played by the electronics industry, and the electronic technician in particular, in the future and yet we are already seriously short of technicians.

Educational Technology

The application of electronic technology to the most profound of man's tasks, that of education, provides both the opportunity for realizing lifelong, experiential learning as well as the possibility of yielding unpredicted social consequences. The use of high-speed digital computers and teaching machines is outlined and the growing power for cultural communication and control is discussed. Some possible social consequences of automated learning are examined and the need for the consideration of social, human, and educational values is presented. Finally, a university lecture course entitled "Engineering and the Technological Society" which is presented for students majoring in Liberal Arts, Business, Science, or Engineering at the University of Santa Clara and which considers the consequences and potential of educational technology is outlined.

Biomedical electronics: potentialities and problems.

The present annual expenditure in the biomedical sciences, now less than 2 percent of the funds appropriated for defense, must be significantly increased if the great gain that can result from the adequate application of electronic technology in biomedical science is to be realized. Such use of electronics in biomedical science holds promise of tremendous advances in the study of the origins of the life processes; it may result in spectacular advances in medical science, which could have a definite effect on individual health and longevity; it might pave the way for the discovery and development of whole new technologies based on intimate knowledge of biological processes. Great strides can be made in surmounting the major obstacles by combating apathy, through making the public and the industrial community aware of the potentialities of modern biomedical research, and by giving scientists adequate cross-disciplinary training and using the abilities of those so trained (1).