Educational Applications Research Articles

Methodological Aspects of Ensuring the Formation of Professional Competencies of Applicants for Higher Medical Education in Physical Therapy and Ergotherapy in the Context of the Implementation of Technologies of Health and Recreational Motor Activity

In his article authors highlight the results of scientific research on the state of health of the population of Ukraine and the ever-growing number of people with disabilities as a result of domestic, industrial, sports injuries and injuries caused by the aggressor country, as well as complications after various diseases; indicate the urgent need to train specialists in physical therapy and ergotherapy who are able to provide highly qualified assistance in order to eliminate or maximize the possible restoration of impaired human functions and systems; emphasize the priority of improving the physical training of applicants for higher medical education by means of health and recreational technologies of motor activity.

Application Introduction and Learning Geometry of Space to Student Elementary School Using Method Rolling Hash Based on Android

Along with technological advancements, smartphones have evolved from being just a means of communication to now being multifunctional devices that reflect the status of their users and offer various features, such as cameras, music and video players, video calls, voice recorders, games, and internet access. These innovations' progress made them widely used by humans in their activities. One of the innovations that utilizes this technology is a building space introduction and learning application explicitly designed for elementary school students, using the Android-based Rolling Hash method. This application is an interactive educational tool that provides comprehensive information about building spaces, explains the various forms of building spaces, provides applicable examples, and offers solutions to related problems. This application's primary focus is implementing the Rolling Hash algorithm for string matching, which was chosen for its ability to perform fast and accurate matching in answering questions. By implementing this algorithm, the application can efficiently handle various questions involving strings, enhancing students' learning experience. This application uses Java programming language with ADT IDE for Eclipse and SQLite as a database system to store and manage data. The result of this final project is a learning application that not only facilitates the introduction of building space concepts to elementary school students but also shows how modern technology can improve learning methods. The Rolling Hash algorithm proved its effectiveness in fast and precise string matching, providing an optimal solution for this educational application and presenting a model of how technological tools can support primary education innovatively and practically.

Development of an educational and monitoring mobile application for pregnant women in Nigeria

IntroductionNigeria accounts for 20% of all maternal mortality. Recently, more mobile health technology (mHealth) interventions are emerging in sub-Saharan Africa. The potential of mobile applications in maternal care has not been explored in Nigeria. This study describes the process of design, development, and testing of an educational and monitoring mobile application for pregnant women in Nigeria.MethodUsing a user-centered design, we conducted semi-structured interviews at each stage of mobile application development with pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Oyo State, Nigeria. The first interview focused on empathy, followed by alpha and beta testing of the mobile application prototype at health facilities.ResultsThe barriers to accessing perinatal care were the distance to the nearest facility (mean = 3.3 km), lack of perinatal education, and cost. The low-fidelity prototype of the mobile application was designed with five features. Mobile applications increased the level of knowledge of preeclampsia by 179%. User feedback from alpha testing informed the development of a high-fidelity prototype for beta testing. Ninety-five percent (95%) of pregnant women surveyed were willing to download the mobile application. The final application developed was uploaded to the Google Play Store (MyBelle pregnancy application).ConclusionmHealth applications have the potential to increase access to prenatal information and services in Nigeria and may reduce maternal and childhood mortality. This study has described the process of development of the first indigenous mobile application specifically for pregnant women in Nigeria using a user-centered design thinking approach.

Cultural Harmonization through Islamic Education: between Religious Moderation in Javanese Traditions in Penginyongan

The Penginyongan community, characterized by its egalitarian and open culture, possesses a unique cultural configuration distinct from the general Islamic traditions in Java. Their moderate and accommodative religious attitudes have prompted further study on the processes of cultural acculturation and assimilation with Islam. This research aims to explore the cultural expressions of the Penginyongan community and how these integrate with Islamic values, while also formulating a framework for culturally-based religious moderation and its application in Islamic education. Through an ethnographic approach, the findings reveal that Islam is harmoniously embraced within Penginyongan culture, as reflected in traditions such as lengger, ebeg, sedekah laut, and sedekah bumi. These cultural practices adapt without losing their local essence, creating a synergy between local wisdom and Islamic teachings. The egalitarian and open nature of the Penginyongan people demonstrates significant potential as a prototype for culturally-based religious moderation, contributing meaningfully to the development of an inclusive and culturally rooted model of religiosity and Islamic education in Indonesia.

WVREA heuristics: A comprehensive framework for evaluating usability in wearable virtual reality educational applications (WVREA)

WVREA heuristics: A comprehensive framework for evaluating usability in wearable virtual reality educational applications (WVREA)

STEM application in education: Implication of STEM computational paradigm on employment prospects

The rapidly advancing fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) have contributed to the largely automated diversities in educational technologies. This has impacted several industries and fundamentally changed how academic businesses are conducted. Machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI) have completely changed how services are distributed across the digital ecosystem. Base on the STEM-related technologies, the global digital economy and the educational sector are becoming increasingly computerized. Computers are extensively used as educational pedagogy tools to improve learning quality and student participation. Teachers can use computer-based audio, video, and visual aids to build lesson plans. Using Microsoft Power Point to produce and deliver electronic presentations to audiences is a great example of interactive education. These electronic presentations will be displayed on the screen with multimedia projectors in the classrooms where all students will be engaged in the modern teaching methodology. Video effects make lectures more impactful, and multimedia presentations are entertaining to watch and listen to. The use of computers in classrooms will also have an impact on teaching and learning methodologies and technological breakthroughs. Since computer technology now integrates all forms of media for interactive interaction, it has seen advances in all aspects of human managing responsibility. By employing ChatGPT as a writing coach, students can improve their written communication abilities. With ChatGPT, students can write essays, reports, or creative works by creating outlines, receiving feedback on their drafts, and refining their language and style. For example, when composing a persuasive essay, a student may consult ChatGPT for guidance on how to strengthen their argument or clarify their understandings. This paper provided STEM computational view on the academic business in the ongoing educational technology extreme automation.

Development of an artificial intelligence system to indicate intraoperative findings of scarring in laparoscopic cholecystectomy for cholecystitis.

The surgical difficulty of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) for acute cholecystitis (AC) and the risk of bile duct injury (BDI) depend on the degree of fibrosis and scarring caused by inflammation; therefore, understanding these intraoperative findings is crucial to preventing BDI. Scarring makes it particularly difficult to perform safely and increases the BDI risk. This study aimed to develop an artificial intelligence (AI) system to indicate intraoperative findings of scarring in LC for AC. An AI system was developed to detect scarred areas using an algorithm for semantic segmentation based on deep learning. The training dataset consisted of 2025 images extracted from LC videos of 21 cases with AC. External evaluation committees (EEC) evaluated the AI system on 20 cases of untrained data from other centers. EECs evaluated the accuracy in identifying the scarred area and the usefulness of the AI system, which were assessed based on annotation and a 5-point Likert-scale questionnaire. The average DICE coefficient for scarred areas between AI detection and EEC annotation was 0.612. The EEC's average detection accuracy on the Likert scale was 3.98 ± 0.76. AI systems were rated as relatively useful for both clinical and educational applications. We developed an AI system to detect scarred areas in LC for AC. Since scarring increases the surgical difficulty, this AI system has the potential to reduce BDI.

Enhancing difficult airway management training: the role of virtual reality and adaptive learning

Emergency physicians play a central role in healthcare. They often must make quick and accurate decisions to save patients’ lives. Among the critical procedures they have to master is difficult airway management (DAM), a procedure required to establish and maintain a patient’s airway for adequate ventilation and oxygenation. To ensure optimal proficiency in DAM, the clinical skills that comprise this procedure must be regularly practiced and updated. However, traditional training approaches present significant organizational challenges in terms of time and cost. In response to these issues, we have developed an innovative education and training application employing immersive Virtual Reality (VR) for teaching basic to advanced DAM procedures, supported by an Adaptive Learning system. To evaluate the effectiveness of our DAM training system, we conducted experiments with a control group trained using traditional methods and two VR subgroups, one with and one without the Adaptive Learning component. Our results show that simulating the DAM procedure in VR is effective in improving students’ knowledge and produces comparable learning outcomes to traditional teaching methods. Interestingly, our study did not provide conclusive evidence that the adaptive design was superior to the non-adaptive one in terms of knowledge and acquisition of skills. However, it demonstrated greater efficiency, particularly in reducing training time.

The Implementation of Internet of Things (IOT) In Education to Improve The Quality of Learning

The rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoT) has transformed various industries, and education is no exception. The implementation of IoT in education presents significant opportunities to enhance the quality of learning by creating interactive, connected, and personalized educational environments. This paper explores the potential benefits and challenges associated with integrating IoT technologies into educational systems. By leveraging smart devices, sensors, and real-time data, IoT can improve learning experiences, increase student engagement, and optimize classroom management. IoT-enabled solutions, such as smart classrooms, remote learning tools, and personalized learning pathways, provide real-time feedback and insights, helping educators track student progress and tailor instruction to individual needs. Additionally, IoT enhances collaboration and communication among students, educators, and educational institutions. However, the successful integration of IoT requires overcoming challenges related to infrastructure, security, and privacy concerns. This paper discusses the current trends in IoT applications in education, examines case studies, and provides recommendations for effectively implementing IoT to improve educational outcomes. Ultimately, the adoption of IoT has the potential to revolutionize learning by making it more interactive, efficient, and student-centered.

Exploring Research Trends in Thai Learners Studying Korean via Topic Modeling and Keyword Network Analysis

Background and Objectives: The Korean language education in Thailand has increasingly spread. Research on Thai learners studying Korean has also been continually conducted. The number of students majoring in Korean at the undergraduate level and subsequently pursuing graduate studies in Korean, Korean literature, and Korean culture has also increased, leading to the dissemination of master’s and doctoral theses. This study aims to study the trends and current situation of research on Korean language teaching and learning for Thai learners using Topic Modeling and Keyword Network Analysis. By doing so, the study aims to present important information and suggest guidelines in developing Korean language teaching and learning in Thailand. Methods: This study examined 283 research papers and theses on Korean language education for Thai learners published between 1998 and September 2024. The dataset includes 149 theses, 93 KCI-indexed articles, and 41 TCI-indexed articles. The data were collected using the keywords relating to Korean language education for Thai learners from RISS (Research Information Sharing Service) and Thai Journals Online. Then Topic Modeling and Keyword Network Analysis was used to analyze topics and research patterns. Results: The Topic Modeling Analysis revealed that the research topics about curriculum and textbook development have consistently been of interest until now. In addition, the topics about language skills, including pronunciation, grammar, and pragmatics have been raised as research issues in various aspects. Especially, after 2020, there has been an increase in publishing the research papers on teacher training and learner-related factors such as anxiety and learning strategies. The Keyword Network Analysis showed the words "comparison," "use," "pattern," and "process" were used in many research topics. Application of this study: The continuing interest in curriculum and textbook development from the above study results highlights the need for diverse educational information tailored to the characteristics of Thai learners. Additionally, the growing focus on individual learner factors reflects the necessity of addressing learners' challenges and creating learning environments and effective teaching methods. In addition, the results of the Keyword Network Analysis suggest the necessity of conducting more cross-cultural studies that align with the special characteristics of Thai learners and applying these findings in educational settings. Conclusions: This study examined trends in Korean language education research for Thai learners, highlighting the importance of adapting to Thailand’s changing educational landscape. As Korean language education progresses in secondary and higher education, continued research and practical applications are essential. The rising interest among Thai students emphasizes the need for tailored instructional materials, innovative strategies, and learner-centered approaches. Integrating digital learning and addressing specific linguistic challenges will enhance the learning experience. Bridging theoretical research with classroom practice can ensure that Korean language education remains effective and responsive to the diverse needs of Thai learners better.

Artificial intelligence and transfusion education, research and practice: The view from the ISBT Clinical Transfusion Working Party.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has been gaining increasing interest in healthcare. During the 2024 International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT) Congress, the Clinical Transfusion Working Party (CTWP) conducted a session to explore the exciting intersection of AI in transfusion medicine (TM) practice, education and research. We report here the potential applications and the session outcome. A pre-workshop survey explored the participants' demographics and areas of use of AI and whether they have had any AI-specific training or education. The workshop included presentations on the regulatory aspects of AI use and its application in TM practice, education and research. These were followed by round-table discussions to explore participants' experience and concerns. The workshop had 72 attendees, with 38% falling in the 36-45-year age group. A total of 70% indicated the use of AI, but only 12% reported having specific training or education. Participants expressed interest in different potential applications but also shared concerns on over-reliance, potential loss of skills, the accuracy of provided information and content plagiarism. The findings of theworkshop highlight the need for training, educational resources, standards and regulatory frameworks to guide the use of AI tools in the field of TM.

Exploring the Role of ChatGPT in Transforming the Education Ecosystem

Since its emergence, ChatGPT has emerged as a transformative technology with significant implications for the education ecosystem. This paper discusses the author's attitude towards ChatGPT through three aspects: assessing the potential it brings to the educational ecosystem (including its impact on learners, educators, and the educational system), how educational focus will adapt to the times, and by examining the reasons for the integration of ChatGPT into educational applications through the context of early childhood education, which is the starting point of school education. The challenge of how education adapts to and leads the development of the times is always a difficult issue. The focus of this paper is still centered around the "essence of education". Regardless of the emergence of new methods, the ultimate goal of education is to cultivate individuals with sound physical and mental development

Investigating the Impact of Using TikTok on Listening Comprehension Acquisition for First-year Students at the College of Science and Arts in Unaizah

The present study explores the impact of TikTok on listening comprehension skills among first-year English language students at the College of Science and Arts in Unaizah. With the rise of social media as a learning tool, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, TikTok has emerged as a platform for informal language acquisition. The research employs a descriptive survey methodology, comparing two groups of students: one with high engagement (8-10 hours per week) in educational TikTok content and another with minimal or no engagement. The primary research questions investigate the essential listening comprehension skills that students should master and whether significant differences exist between the two groups in acquiring these skills, specifically in skimming, scanning, and critical listening. The findings provide practical insights for educators on integrating modern technology into language instruction. Ultimately, this investigation seeks to fill a gap in existing research regarding TikTok's influence on EFL listening comprehension, offering valuable implications for both theoretical understanding and practical application in language education.

Effects of Using Virtual Reality Technology on Forehand and Backhand in Table Tennis

Background and Aim: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of using virtual reality technology on forehand and backhand in table tennis, and to investigate whether it can enhance the skill level and sports learning interests of college students. The research will explore the practical value of virtual reality applications in physical education and evaluate their potential to enhance the effectiveness of table tennis training. Materials and Methods: This study selected male students from the Guang Dong Engineering Polytechnic's physical education classes of 2023, who are non-sports majors and aged between 18 and 20 years old. Utilizing a table tennis skills assessment, 40 participants were systematically assigned to two groups, an experimental group and a control group, with 20 individuals in each group. The mean and standard deviation of the participant's responses were calculated from the collected survey data. Both the pre-experimental and post-experimental tests, conducted after an 8-week training period, were statistically analyzed using the t-test. Result: The experimental results showed that: 1. Virtual reality technology could not effectively improve the physical fitness of the control group and the experimental group; 2. There was no significant difference in the sports learning interest of the control group whether pre-test or post-test, the experiment under the traditional teaching methods; 3. The experimental group's sports learning interest was significantly improved under the intervention of virtual reality technology; 4. There was a significant difference in sports learning interest between the control group and the experimental group in the post-experimental result analysis. 5. The paired sample t-test of each group was carried out for the skill test after the experiment between the control group and the experimental group. The results showed that the skill level of both groups was significantly improved after the experiment, but the skill level of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group under the influence of virtual reality technology. Conclusion: The scientific application of virtual technology in physical education classrooms should not only give full play to the actual functions of physical education but also ensure the rationalization of the exercise time in physical education classrooms, which is a new problem that needs to be considered in physical education courses in the future. At the same time, the school's emphasis on the informatization of physical education is an urgent part of the current virtual reality technology in the use of university physical education classrooms, which has a long way to go and requires the investment of time and cost and the accumulation of practical proof.

Virtual Human Retina: Simulating Neural Signalling, Degeneration, and Responses to Electrical Stimulation.

Current brain-based visual prostheses pose significant challenges impeding adoption such as the necessarily complex surgeries and occurrence of more substantial side effects due to the sensitivity of the brain. This has led to much effort toward vision restoration being focused on the more approachable part of the brain - the retina. Here we introduce a novel, parameterized simulation platform that enables study of human retinal degeneration and optimization of stimulation strategies. The platform bears immense potential for patient-specific tailoring and serves to enhance artificial vision solutions for individuals with visual impairments. Our virtual retina is developed using the software package, NEURON. This virtual retina platform supports large-scale simulations of over 10,000 neurons whilst upholding strong biological plausibility with multiple important visual pathways and detailed network properties. The comprehensive three-dimensional model includes photoreceptors, horizontal cells, bipolar cells, amacrine cells, and midget and parasol retinal ganglion cells, with comprehensive network connectivity across various eccentricities (1 mm to 5 mm from the fovea) in the human retina. The model is constructed using electrophysiology, immunohistology, and optical coherence tomography imaging data from healthy and degenerate human retinas. We validated our model by replicating numerous experimental observations from human and primate retina, with a particular focus on retinal degeneration. We simulated interactions between diseased retinas and state-of-the-art retinal implants, shedding light on the limitations of commercial retinal prostheses. Our results suggested that appropriate stimulation settings with intraretinal prototype devices could leverage network-mediated activation to achieve activation mosaics more alike that of the retina's response to natural light, promoting the prospect of more naturalistic vision. Our study additionally highlights the importance of controlling inhibitory circuits in the retinal network to induce functionally relevant retinal activity. This study demonstrates the potential of this software package and highlights its utility as a valuable tool for engineers, scientists, and clinicians in the design and optimisation of retinal stimulation devices for both research and educational applications.

Highten Discrete Mathematics Learning Through Gamified: A Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) Perspective

Objectives: This study aims to address challenges in engaging and motivating students in mathematics learning by integrating gamification aligned with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 4: Quality Education. Theoretical Framework: Drawing on the Dick and Carey instructional design model, the study develops a structured approach to gamifying mathematics education using the Quizizz application. Method: A ten-stage development methodology is adopted, covering needs analysis, instructional design, iterative implementation, and evaluation, specifically tailored for first-semester students at IKPIA Perbanas Jakarta. Results and Discussion: The findings indicate that gamification significantly enhances student engagement and comprehension, achieving a 95.83% accuracy rate in mathematics exercises. Discussions underscore the alignment of gamified tools with digital-native students' preferences and their integration into Learning Management Systems (LMS). Gamification complements traditional teaching methods, fostering interactive and effective learning experiences. Research Implications: Gamification offers scalable models for embedding game mechanics into curricular designs, improving motivation and student-centered learning in higher education. Originality/Value: This research highlights the transformative potential of gamification in higher education, contributing innovative insights into its application in mathematics education and its alignment with SDG 4.

Performance of ChatGPT-3.5 and ChatGPT-4 in the Taiwan National Pharmacist Licensing Examination: Comparative Evaluation Study.

OpenAI released versions ChatGPT-3.5 and GPT-4 between 2022 and 2023. GPT-3.5 has demonstrated proficiency in various examinations, particularly the United States Medical Licensing Examination. However, GPT-4 has more advanced capabilities. This study aims to examine the efficacy of GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 within the Taiwan National Pharmacist Licensing Examination and to ascertain their utility and potential application in clinical pharmacy and education. The pharmacist examination in Taiwan consists of 2 stages: basic subjects and clinical subjects. In this study, exam questions were manually fed into the GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 models, and their responses were recorded; graphic-based questions were excluded. This study encompassed three steps: (1) determining the answering accuracy of GPT-3.5 and GPT-4, (2) categorizing question types and observing differences in model performance across these categories, and (3) comparing model performance on calculation and situational questions. Microsoft Excel and R software were used for statistical analyses. GPT-4 achieved an accuracy rate of 72.9%, overshadowing GPT-3.5, which achieved 59.1% (P<.001). In the basic subjects category, GPT-4 significantly outperformed GPT-3.5 (73.4% vs 53.2%; P<.001). However, in clinical subjects, only minor differences in accuracy were observed. Specifically, GPT-4 outperformed GPT-3.5 in the calculation and situational questions. This study demonstrates that GPT-4 outperforms GPT-3.5 in the Taiwan National Pharmacist Licensing Examination, particularly in basic subjects. While GPT-4 shows potential for use in clinical practice and pharmacy education, its limitations warrant caution. Future research should focus on refining prompts, improving model stability, integrating medical databases, and designing questions that better assess student competence and minimize guessing.

Unity in diversity: navigating global connections through cultural exchange

Purpose This study aims to explore the relationship between global unity and cultural diversity in an interconnected world, examining how globalization influences cultural exchange while preserving identities. Using hybrid thematic content analysis (HTCA), it reveals how cross-cultural collaboration can be fostered amid global challenges like climate change, health crises and technology. The research offers insights into integrating global efforts with local cultural nuances to create sustainable solutions. By bridging qualitative and quantitative approaches, it provides new perspectives on harmonizing global interconnectedness with cultural preservation in governance, technological innovation, diplomacy and education. Design/methodology/approach This research applied content analysis, thematic analysis and HTCA to examine global unity and cultural diversity. Content analysis highlighted key themes in international frameworks, whereas thematic analysis delved into elements promoting cultural preservation and adaptation. HTCA synthesized these insights, combining content-focused themes with broader cultural, economic and policy perspectives. Data sources included academic literature, international policy documents and case studies from UNESCO and regional cultural policies. Findings The findings reveal that while globalization drives global unity, cultural diversity remains crucial for preserving individual identities. Key themes include multiculturalism, cultural exchange, hybridization and resistance to homogenization. While globalization can erode local traditions, it also fosters cultural enrichment, seen in fusion cuisine, multilingualism and ethical fashion. The research identifies strategies for balancing global unity and cultural diversity, such as hybrid approaches to environmental sustainability, integrating cultural insights into global health and inclusive technological innovations like AI and virtual reality. It also highlights the role of institutions like UNESCO in promoting cultural diplomacy and the challenges in balancing global governance with cultural diversity. Research limitations/implications This research is limited by its reliance on secondary data from policy documents and literature, without primary data from affected communities or policymakers. Future studies could incorporate interviews and surveys to gain first-hand perspectives. In addition, the geographic focus on documented globalization effects limits broader applicability; more inclusive case studies across diverse cultural contexts are recommended. Practical implications The study offers actionable insights for policymakers, educators and cultural leaders to promote inclusive cultural exchange and hybridization strategies. It emphasizes balancing globalization benefits with cultural heritage protection. Practical applications in education, health and technology should consider cultural differences for more inclusive and effective solutions, such as integrating global citizenship and cultural sensitivity in educational policies. Social implications The study emphasizes how intercultural understanding and collaboration can enhance social cohesion in multicultural societies. It advocates for celebrating diversity, fostering cultural dialogue and promoting inclusive global policies to build peace and address global issues while maintaining diverse identities. Originality/value This study’s originality lies in its methodological triangulation, using HTCA as a novel approach to unify content and thematic insights. By integrating content analysis, thematic analysis and HTCA, this research offers a unique multidimensional analysis of global unity and cultural diversity, revealing how these aspects can coexist within globalization.

Evaluation of Machine Learning Algorithms for Classification of Visual Stimulation-Induced EEG Signals in 2D and 3D VR Videos.

Virtual reality (VR) has become a transformative technology with applications in gaming, education, healthcare, and psychotherapy. The subjective experiences in VR vary based on the virtual environment's characteristics, and electroencephalography (EEG) is instrumental in assessing these differences. By analyzing EEG signals, researchers can explore the neural mechanisms underlying cognitive and emotional responses to VR stimuli. However, distinguishing EEG signals recorded by two-dimensional (2D) versus three-dimensional (3D) VR environments remains underexplored. Current research primarily utilizes power spectral density (PSD) features to differentiate between 2D and 3D VR conditions, but the potential of other feature parameters for enhanced discrimination is unclear. Additionally, the use of machine learning techniques to classify EEG signals from 2D and 3D VR using alternative features has not been thoroughly investigated, highlighting the need for further research to identify robust EEG features and effective classification methods. This study recorded EEG signals from participants exposed to 2D and 3D VR video stimuli to investigate the neural differences between these conditions. Key features extracted from the EEG data included PSD and common spatial patterns (CSPs), which capture frequency-domain and spatial-domain information, respectively. To evaluate classification performance, several classical machine learning algorithms were employed: ssupport vector machine (SVM), k-nearest neighbors (KNN), random forest (RF), naive Bayes, decision Tree, AdaBoost, and a voting classifier. The study systematically compared the classification performance of PSD and CSP features across these algorithms, providing a comprehensive analysis of their effectiveness in distinguishing EEG signals in response to 2D and 3D VR stimuli. The study demonstrated that machine learning algorithms can effectively classify EEG signals recorded during watching 2D and 3D VR videos. CSP features outperformed PSD in classification accuracy, indicating their superior ability to capture EEG signals differences between the VR conditions. Among the machine learning algorithms, the Random Forest classifier achieved the highest accuracy at 95.02%, followed by KNN with 93.16% and SVM with 91.39%. The combination of CSP features with RF, KNN, and SVM consistently showed superior performance compared to other feature-algorithm combinations, underscoring the effectiveness of CSP and these algorithms in distinguishing EEG responses to different VR experiences. This study demonstrates that EEG signals recorded during watching 2D and 3D VR videos can be effectively classified using machine learning algorithms with extracted feature parameters. The findings highlight the superiority of CSP features over PSD in distinguishing EEG signals under different VR conditions, emphasizing CSP's value in VR-induced EEG analysis. These results expand the application of feature-based machine learning methods in EEG studies and provide a foundation for future research into the brain cortical activity of VR experiences, supporting the broader use of machine learning in EEG-based analyses.

A bibliometric analysis of the economic effects of using artificial intelligence and ChatGPT tools in higher education institutions

One of the main challenges in higher education management is the complexity of resource optimization and increasing volumes of data, which limits the efficiency and accuracy of decision-making. The application of artificial intelligence can address these issues.The present study aims to identify the key trends, knowledge gaps, and opportunities for further research into the economic effects of using artificial intelligence and ChatGPT tools in higher education. For this purpose, a systematic literature review was conducted to identify and screen the scientific articles related to the topic of this study indexed in Web of Science and Scopus from 1986 to 2024. A total of 234 articles were selected, all demonstrating positive growth both in scholarly output and citation count. The study identified the key contributors to scientific research on this topic by region (the United States, China, and India). It concluded that the relevant research centers are still at an early stage of their development. Based on bibliometric clusters formed by co-occurrence relations, three main areas of research were defined: 1) artificial intelligence in education for decision-making; 2) process automation and digital transformation in educational institutions; 3) artificial intelligence technologies and their application in education. The study highlights the main areas of economic effects of artificial intelligence and ChatGPT tools in higher education, including reducing administrative costs, saving time for teachers and students, and improving the quality and accessibility of educational process. AcknowledgmentsThe publication is part of the research topic “Economic Basics of Technology Diffusion into the National Economy of Ukraine Considering Best International Practices” (№0124U003482).