Applied Systems Analysis Research Articles

Methane emissions along biomethane and biogas supply chains are underestimated

Methane emissions along biomethane and biogas supply chains are underestimated

"Tax reconstruction" in tax legal relations.

The relevance of annual legal changes and the novelty of the application of such norms and definitions in tax legal relations, which are absent in law, predetermines the need to study such a scientific phenomenon as "tax reconstruction". The purpose of the study is regulators that allow protecting the interests of taxpayers by identifying the limits of the impact of public law on the subjects of such legal relations. The methodology was the application of system analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, a conceptual approach to achieving a reasonable balance of public and private interests in tax relations. The scope of application is the methodology for protecting the interests and rights of taxpayers in tax legal relations, despite the fact that regulators for the protection of public interest are defined. The results will make it possible to apply regulators to protect the interests of taxpayers during in-house and on-site tax audits, practically clarify and understand the application of local documents of the Federal Tax Service of Russia, develop legal steps in the course of protecting rights and interests during control measures. Recommendations and proposals drawn up in the form of a conclusion will allow taxpayers – legal entities in particular, to develop a strategy and a line of legal protection in the course of conducting in-house and on-site tax audits against them. We believe it is correct to apply in legal regulation not only the norms but also the principles of law, both general and sectoral.

Classification and zoning of total evaporation flows for vegetation for the territory of the Marksovsky district of the Saratov region obtained according to the product MOD 16 ET in 2003-2017

This paper presents the results of the classification and zoning of the evapotranspiration fluxes for the growing season ETaw in the Marksovsky district of the Saratov region for the growing seasons of 2003-2017. The calculations for these types of spatial analysis were carried out in the ArcGIS Pro 2.8 software environment using the previously obtained two spatial arrays ETaw. To classify ETaw flows by land use types, we used raster datasets obtained at IIASA (International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis) for the territory of Russia as a result of processing and analyzing space monitoring data. Analysis of the classification results for the study area revealed a significant difference in ETaw flows in areas occupied by different types of land use. For zoning ETaw flows by distance from the left bank of the Volga River, the boundaries of seven zones were built at distances from its edge: 0-5 km; 5-10 km; 10-20 km; 20-30 km; 30-40 km; 40-50 km; 50-60 km. For the territories located within the indicated zones, the filtration of two ETaw flows was carried out, which revealed a decrease in their values as they moved away from the left bank of the Volga River

Material Flows Mobilized by Motor Vehicles and Transport Equipment Manufacturing and Use in the Czech Republic: an Application of Economy Wide Material System Analysis

Material Flows Mobilized by Motor Vehicles and Transport Equipment Manufacturing and Use in the Czech Republic: an Application of Economy Wide Material System Analysis

Pollution and environmental quality violations: Finding the right emission permit prices for NO2 EDPs

The paper is focused on the development of the design of a cap-and-trade market that would provide a straightforward method allowing to directly calculate market price(s) and permit trades for multilateral trades. We use the emission discharge permit (EDP) for NO2 emissions as the property right to be traded and consider relevant regional environmental constraints that are always satisfied in each market solution. Next to developing the theoretical formulation of the model, we demonstrate the functioning of the common pool trading model using numerical simulations based on the data taken from studies by the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA). A sensitivity analysis which shows how the system might behave under uncertainty is also presented.

Numerical Probabilistic Load Flow Analysis in Modern Power Systems with Intermittent Energy Sources

Renewable resources integration through distributed generation (DG) affects conventional consideration of power system performance and confronts deterministic load flow (DLF) analysis with serious challenges. The DLF gives a snapshot of the system state neglecting all of the uncertainties arising from intermittent DG driven by variable weather conditions or volatile consumption. Therefore, with the aim of finer tracking and presentation of system variables, a probabilistic load flow (PLF) approach should be adopted. First, this article gives a literature overview of different PLF techniques. It focuses on numerical techniques examining them for simple random and Latin Hypercube sampling, vastly applied in previous works, and proposes a method combining Monte Carlo simulations with Halton quasi-random numbers. Stochastic modelling is performed for solar and wind power output. For method comparison and confirmation of the applicability of suggested PLF method with Halton sequences, different IEEE test cases were used, all modified by attaching DGs. More profound method assessment is conducted through discussing different renewables penetration levels and processing time. The overall simulation outcomes have shown that results of Halton method are of similar precision as the generally used Latin Hypercube method and therefore indicated the relevance of the proposed method and its potential for application in contemporary system analysis.

E-learning systems for teaching industrial automatism

The examples of e-learning systems have been successfully tested in a number of international engineering college and innovative industry and make it possible to improve performance of production by raising the professional level of the students and staff. E-learning can directly tie education to the formation of tutorial for teaching industrial automatism, the purpose of this study is to discuss strategies for developing integrated e-learning courseware based on instructional design and technology models. The essential of this methodological approach is to specify the composition of the various teaching modules in industrial automatism to be accessible to the students with a system modeling method and to develop a digital support that can be exploited in distance learning. E-learning systems aims at a two-way knowledge, communication between academia and industry. E-learning systems provides a real-life environment for engineers to develop their skills and comprehend the challenges involved in everyday industrial practice. This paper describes the challenges for using automates in the industry, It presents the fully application of system analysis for the design of a tutorial for teaching industrial automatism.

Lower-Cost, Lower-Carbon Production of Circular Polydiketoenamine Plastics

The efficiency by which monomers may be recovered during the chemical recycling of plastic waste has thus far dominated the discussion over which future polymer chemistries might be more sustainable than those in use today. However, at scale, other factors emerge as equally important, such as the costs of primary versus secondary resin production as well as the energy and carbon intensity of circular manufacturing processes. We apply systems analysis to identify problematic chemical processes used for the primary production of plastics designed for infinite recyclability: polydiketoenamine (PDK) resins from novel triketone and amine monomers. Leveraging this knowledge, we advance a less intensive process for triketone production, which lowers the cost of primary PDK production by 57% and results in 66% less life-cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Using the automotive sector as a case study, we discuss the impact of replacing nonrecyclable polyurethane with circular PDK over the next 60 years. We find that the cumulative GHG emissions associated with introducing PDK are half those of staying the course with polyurethane. However, the extent to which circularity is realized through targeted collection and sorting plays the dominant role in determining how much of those savings is practically achievable.

РЕЧЕПОДОБНАЯ ПОМЕХА, СТОЙКАЯ К ШУМООЧИСТКЕ, КАК РЕЗУЛЬТАТ СКРЕМБЛИРОВАНИЯ ЗАЩИЩАЕМОЙ РЕЧИ

The aim of this article is to study the possibility of creating a speech-like interference (SLI) based on scrambling of the protected speech signal that is resistant to noise cleaning, restoration and reconstruction of distorted speech through processing of its spectrogram images, including the use of the speaker’s voice database. Methods: applied systems analysis, digital spectral-time analysis, digital processing of signals and images, image analysis of sonograms Results: it is proposed to use as the main indicator of the security of speech information the concept of potential speech intelligibility, methods for assessing potential intelligibility are determined. An algorithm of compensationtype digital noise cleaning using image analysis-synthesis technology has been developed. The requirements for the created SLI are formed, consisting in changing the spetral-temporal envelope of speech, removing («weakening») traces of the harmonic structure of speech, equalizing the capacities of the protected speech signal and the SLI masking it. The approaches to the formation of an SLI resistant to the procedures of digital noise cleaning and reconstruction of distorted sonograms are described, proposals are presented on the methodology for evaluating the effectiveness of interference through the indicator of potential intelligibility. The results obtained will allow to better understand the work of attacking tools, develop methods and means of effectively countering possible threats, and expand the capabilities of existing speech information protection systems. The scientific novelty consists in the development of criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of speech-like interference, taking into account the capabilities of the intruder to restore the intelligibility of distorted speech messages, proposed methods for the formation of scrambler-type SLI that meet such criteria, substantiated proposals to improve existing methods for assessing and monitoring the security of speech information from its leakage through technical channels.

ПРИКЛАДНОЙ СИСТЕМНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ И СИСТЕМОТЕХНИКА КАК ИНСТРУМЕНТЫ ОПТИМИЗАЦИИ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ ПРОЦЕССОВ

Applied system analysis becomes an integral part of the competencies of a modern specialist, regardless of the branch of his activity or his position in the company. This is due to the fact that the system approach allows you to quickly and efficiently understand the structure of the system, the features of its functioning, to determine the nature of the mutual influence of its elements on each other. Existing system analysis tools help to build a convenient model for analyzing the past, present and predicting the future scenario of achieving certain goals.

Применение методов системного анализа к построению структурно-функциональной схемы тепличной системы

The article consider the informationality and functionality of applying system analysis to the description of a greenhouse as a system, and the process of decomposition is carried out. Particular attention is paid to highlighting the key properties of the system in relation to the greenhouse. On the basis of the studied material, a structural and functional diagram of the greenhouse as a system is built.

How Western Science Corrupts Class Consciousness: East Germany’s Presence at IIASA

The International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) in Laxenburg, Austria, was founded during the period of détente in 1972 to bring scientists from East and West together to research shared problems and thus to build a “bridge” between the two opposed systems. The underlying image of knowledge at the institute was in stark contrast to the intellectual culture established in East Germany. Contributing to our understanding of the history of Cold War knowledge transfer, this essay reconstructs East Germany’s ambivalent and complex role at IIASA. Even if participation was considered important for displaying East German science, the essay argues that East Germany’s contribution was caught up in the perception of the Western scholar as a class enemy. It illustrates this by examining the best-documented case: that of Harry Maier, a social scientist who spent two years at IIASA between 1978 and 1980 and then, in 1986, used a conference visit to escape from East Germany.

Evaluation and Analysis of Multimedia Collaborative Building Design Relying on Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm

This article proposes improvements to the placement, organizational structure, and adaptability of the evaluation model and proposes a comprehensive evaluation model for the multiattribute scheme of the particle swarm optimization algorithm. The structure table of the multimedia building design plan evaluation index, the plan evaluation table, and the standardized model of the plan evaluation value of the common method was proposed. It also proposes the import of “with tutor” type data of particle swarm optimization algorithm as well as the self-organizing neural network evaluation model and calculation method of “no tutor” type resource import. According to the complexity of architectural design evaluation and the nonlinear relationship between related influencing factors, we have studied the principles and methods of applying system analysis, designed comprehensive evaluation models, and comprehensively evaluated architectural design schemes.

FORMATION OF THE HIERARCHY MODEL OF THREATS IMPACT ON PERSONNEL SECURITY OF BANKS

Abstract. The conducted theoretical and analytical study, which included acquaintance with the achievements of domestic and foreign scientists on ensuring the personnel security of banks and assessing the personnel security of the banking sector of the economy, allowed to develop oriented graphical models and corresponding reachability matrices, and served as a basis for hierarchical ordering of key threats to bank personnel security. The hierarchical ordering of threats to the personnel security of the banking sector of the economy is based on the application of the graph theory method. The models developed give an idea of the need to implement safeguards against key threats, which is important in view of resource constraints and maximizing the effectiveness of security actors. The result is averaged for most domestic banks, as each of them is influenced by the external environment and changes caused by internal processes. A mechanism for counteracting the influence of external and internal threats on the personnel security of banks has been constructed, which takes into account the current trends in the development of the banking sector. The application of system analysis and graph theory made it possible to hierarchically regulate the impact of key threats on personnel security, which became the basis for the development of a model that graphically determines the priority of developing and implementing security measures for each threat, and justifies the possibility of applying one of the options passive protection and active protection. As a result of the theoretical and analytical study, a number of key external and internal threats to personnel security of banks have been regulated and identified. By applying graph theory and mathematical modeling hierarchically ordered and determined the severity of the impact of threats on the personnel security of banks, which subsequently allowed to create a defense mechanism to counter them. Keywords: bank personnel security, bank system, threat, security, crisis situation, mechanism. JEL Classіfіcatіon D81, G21, F29, L20 Formulas: 16; fig.: 3; tabl.: 19; bibl.: 16.

Systemic Analysis of Politics in the Light of Reconstruction of Structural Functionalism of Jeffrey C. Alexander

Applying systems analysis in political science research is still one of the important dimensions of political science methodology. Reconstruction of the functional model of the social system seems to be an attractive proposition for policy researchers. Signed by the name of Jeffrey Charles Alexander, the American version of neofunctionalism is one of the responses to the crisis of traditional forms of structural functionalism. The main purpose of the reconstruction of T. Parsons’s theory was its revitalization consisting in restoring the possibility of its application in contemporary social research. The reinterpretation of the classical approach was to a large extent “forced” by harsh criticism of the current approach and focused especially on attempts to overcome the limitations contained therein, which manifested in the impossibility of correlation of functional theorems with newly developing research currents Jeffrey Alexander restored relevance and emphasizes suitability for interpreting and explaining political processes and phenomena. Understanding the concept of functions and functional relations in the political environment allows for effective application in the analysis of contemporary political systems. Therefore, changing the method of functional analysis is a useful methodological tool in developing a political theory.

A Dynamic Dyadic Systems Approach to Interpersonal Communication

Abstract This article articulates conceptual and methodological strategies for studying the dynamic structure of dyadic interaction revealed by the turn-to-turn exchange of messages between partners. Using dyadic time series data that capture partners’ back-and-forth contributions to conversations, dynamic dyadic systems analysis illuminates how individuals act and react to each other as they jointly construct conversations. Five layers of inquiry are offered, each of which yields theoretically relevant information: (a) identifying the individual moves and dyadic spaces that set the stage for dyadic interaction; (b) summarizing conversational units and sequences; (c) examining between-dyad differences in overall conversational structure; (d) describing the temporal evolution of conversational units and sequences; and (e) mapping within-dyad dynamics of conversations and between-dyad differences in those dynamics. Each layer of analysis is illustrated using examples from research on supportive conversations, and the application of dynamic dyadic systems analysis to a range of interpersonal communication phenomena is discussed.

The Analysis of Factors of Formation of the Modern System of Political Governance: Global, Regional and Local Levels

The relevance of the work is due to the growing influence of the processes of globalization and the need for a systematic and theoretical understanding of the interdependence of different levels of development and adaptation of the political system in the modern world. The situation of the COVID pandemic, which began in 2020 and demonstrated the dominance of global attitudes and rules over regional and local attitudes and rules, gives special relevance to this article. The purpose of the work is to clarify the essence and possibilities of applying system analysis to the process of public administration at the level of global integration, regional and local levels of public administration. At the same time, the essence of system analysis is not reduced to solving problems of management and decision-making on very complex problems, but a complete system and methodology for analyzing the adaptation practices of modern political systems at the global, regional and local levels is built. The author comes to the conclusion that it is the local level that is the basis for the formation of the modern political system, and it is worth focusing on it, and not on the global and regional levels, when carrying out certain political changes and transformations. The regional level is an add-on to the local level, and can include multiple local levels. The task of the regional level is to prevent conflict between multiple localities, to ensure their harmonious coexistence and development. Due to the spread of digitalization, the regional level loses its function as an intermediary between the local and the global. The global level of formation of the political system today, in turn, is an “umbrella” level. It appears as a categorical imperative of the political system, but it is not its mandatory guide or guide of development.

Organization of Interaction Between Participants in the Investment Process on the Basis of a systematic Justification of Multi-criteria choice

The implementation of investment projects in Russia is associated with a lot of different problems caused by non-financial factors. The high degree of uncertainty of the investment situation, the lack of awareness and subjectivity of the decision-makers on the investment choice, the unreasonableness of the selection criteria, as well as the difficulties in the interaction of actors are due to the lack of systematic mechanisms for managing the investment process in the Russian economy as a whole. Together, they form a fairly voluminous complex of related problems. The article is devoted to the study of these problems and ways to solve them. It focuses on the mutual influence of the organization of interaction between participants in the investment process and investment choice procedures.Purpose: to develop proposals for the formation of mechanisms for interaction between stakeholders to ensure a systematic justification of the investment choice.Methods: in the preparation of this article, the methodology of applied system analysis and modeling is implemented, decision-making methods are used, including the Analytical Hierarchy Process.Results: the importance of the pre-investment stage of the investment process as the stage that generates most of the problems of stakeholders is argued. The approach to building system mechanisms of interaction of participants of the investment process at the pre-investment stage is justified. The schemes of such interaction and procedures for making investment decisions are proposed within the framework of the constructed modified model of multi-criteria investment choice. The formation of systemic mechanisms of interaction between participants in the investment process is carried out based on the need for a systematic justification of the multi-criteria choice of an investment project, taking into account the interests of all interested parties. The proposed methodology was developed through the development and modification of the Analytical Hierarchy Process by T. Saati and is aimed at improving the organization of the investment process and the implementation of investment choice based on generalized criteria of satisfaction, efficiency and effectiveness.Сonclusions and Relevance: the formation of system mechanisms of interaction of participants in the investment process at the pre-investment stage was carried out by developing a set of procedures that accompany the process of justifying a multi-criteria investment choice to achieve satisfaction, efficiency and effectiveness of the activities of all actors. The formation of system mechanisms of interaction of participants in the investment process allows to coordinate their interests, opportunities and limitations of the participants' activities, as well as to give the investment process purposefulness and manageability.

Preface

It is over one year since COVID-19 broke out. The whole world is still struggling against the virulent pandemic COVID-19. It is still difficult to take international travel. Many conferences are held virtually, for the sake of protecting all the participants and conference staff from get infected by the virus.It is uncertain when the COVID-19 will end, so it remains unclear for postponement time, while many scholars and researchers wanted to attend this long-waited conference and have academic exchanges with their peers. Therefore, in order to actively respond the call of the government, and meet author's request, 2021 International Conference on Mechanics and Civil, Hydraulic Engineering(CMCHE 2021), which was planned to be held in Kunming, China from June 4 to 6, 2021, was changed to be held on 5th June, 2021 online through Zoom software. This approach not only avoids people gathering, but also meets their communication needs.The meeting focused on the research fields of “Mechanics” “Architecture”, “Civil Engineering” and “Hydraulic Engineering”. The aim is to provide a common forum for researchers, scientists, engineers, and practitioners throughout the world to present their latest research findings, ideas, developments, and applications in the area of architecture and civil, hydraulic engineering, to explore the development path of ecological civilization construction, and to cope with new opportunities and challenges.The conference brings together about 30 well-known scholars in the field of mechanics and civil, hydraulic engineering at home and abroad. The reports were divided into keynote speeches, oral presentations, and poster presentations to share their latest research results and experiences in related research fields. In the first part, each keynote speakers were allocated 30 minutes to present their talks via Zoom. After the keynote talks, all participants joined in a WeChat communication group to discuss more about the talks and presentations.We were greatly honor to have invited five distinguished experts as our keynote speakers. Prof. Chunfeng Wan, from Southeast University, China, was the first one to perform a thought-provoking speech: Structural health monitoring based on area sensing technology using distributed long-gauge FBG strain sensors. And then we had Prof. Chenghua Wang, from Tianjin University, China. He is the member of Technical Committee of Deep Foundation, International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (ISSMGE). Dr. Julian Hunt, from International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Austria. He presented an insightful speech: Swimming pool thermal energy storage, an alternative for distributed cooling energy storage. Prof. Mijia Yang, from North Dakota State University, U.S. He made a wonderful speech: Pore solution and its impact on durability of geopolymer concrete. Our finale keynote speaker, Prof. Yan-Gang Zhao, from Kanagawa University, Japan. Their insightful speeches had triggered heated discussion in the second session of the conference. The WeChat discussion lasted for about 30 minutes. Every participant praised this conference for disseminating useful and insightful knowledge.We are glad to share with you that we received lots of submissions from the conference and we selected a bunch of high-quality papers and compiled them into the proceedings after rigorously reviewed them. These papers feature following topics but are not limited to: Mechanics, Civil Engineering, Hydraulic Engineering and other relevant directions. All the papers have been through rigorous review and process to meet the requirements of international publication standard.We would like to thank the organization staff, the members of the program committees and reviewers. They have worked very hard in reviewing papers and making valuable suggestions for the authors to improve their work. We also would like to express our gratitude to the external reviewers, for providing extra help in the review process, and the authors for contributing their research result to the conference.Lastly, we would like to warmly thank all the authors who, with their presentations and papers, generously contributed to the lively exchange of scientific information that is so vital to the endurance of scientific conferences of this kind.Committee of CMCHE 2021Committee member, Committee chair, The Organizing Committee, Technical Programme Committees and this titles are available in this pdf.

THEORETICAL AND APPLIED PRINCIPLES OF THE FORMATION OF WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

The objective of this article is generalization of theoretical and applied approaches to the formation of the waste management system. Based on the systems-oriented analysis of the concept of sustainable development in the context of Eurointegration strategy of Ukraine, it substantiates the need for the formation of an effective national ecological policy, one of the main tasks of which is to minimize industrial and domestic waste. Methodology. Based on the analysis of the results of leading scientists pertaining to the formation of the waste management systems, the the provision is concluded that the increase in the volumes of waste closely correlates with the growth rate of the national GDP and, at the same time, even with the most advanced technologies it is impossible to prevent waste generation. However, the high level of generation is, first of all, the result of ineffective use of natural resources in the production processes. The article substantiates that under present day conditions, the theoretical and methodological foundation of the study of waste management must become the principles of sustainable development. This predetermines the need for taking into consideration not only the existing expenses for waste disposal or utilization, but also losses of the future generations resulting from the effects of waste on the environment components and human health when taking managerial decisions. Results. It has been established that the need for minimization of industrial waste is determined by the fact that the the pace of consumption of resources by human society and waste generation is not balanced; in addition, there is no necessity in using natural resources so extensively. Changes in the machinery, distribution system, legislation allow to minimize the volumes of waste essentially, thus preserving the quality of life on the planet. The article provides in-detail analysis of the EU countries’ experience in the sphere of formation of waste management systems, hierarchy formed within the EU as to the priorities of the approaches to the management of the processes of minimization of industrial and domestic waste. It has been established that the strategic goals of waste management in the EU are minimization of the volumes of waste formation by way of prevention of their formation, use of waste in the production processes, reduction to the minimum the quantity of waste placed in the landfills. Practical implications. There is conducted the analysis of the features of functioning of waste management system and its goals, hich allows to use experience of the developed nations in resolving the problem of waste more effectively, specify the role of state administration in the achievement of the Goals of sustainable development by 2030 in reduction of industrial and domestic waste. Value/originality. Application of system analysis permits to identify the main problems of the formation of waste management system taking into account the specific character of its functioning under modern conditions.