Application Of Statistical Tools Research Articles

Analysis of short-term wind speed variation, trends and prediction: A case study of Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this research article is to analyze the short-term wind speed and develop a framework model to overcome the challenges in the wind power industry. Design/Methodology/Approach Real data with a case study of wind speed is presented to illustrate the advantages of this new wind speed analytical framework. Hourly measurements of wind speed are observed, and the experiments are conducted using tools such as ANOVA, control charts, trend analysis, and predictive models. The August month data for over 13 years from modern era retrospective-analysis for research and applications (MERRA) National aeronautics and space administration (NASA) for Coimbatore and Erode locations in Tamil Nadu, India, have been used. The results were considered for the study to understand the wind speed data and the implementation of new wind power projects in India. Findings The essence of the proposed wind speed analytical framework is its flexible approach, which enables the effective integration of wind firms’ individual requirements by developing tailor-made analytical evaluations. Originality/Value This article derives the wind speed analytical framework with the application of statistical tools and machine learning algorithms.

Retarding oxidation of core@shell Ag/Cu nanoalloys: The role of Ag shell, PVP and thiolate capping agent

Metallic nanoparticles, such as silver (AgNP) and copper (CuNP), have been extensively used as alternatives to microbial resistance. Nevertheless, AgNP’s high cost and CuNP’s easy oxidation limit their use. Ag/Cu bimetallic NPs emerged as an alternative, but recent studies do not explore the variables that affect their long-term stability in the aqueous phase. In this scenario, we propose optimizing the synthesis of Ag/Cu nanostructures using factorial design statistics evaluating how different variables affect Ag/CuNP synthesis and stabilization. Increasing the reaction temperature hampered nanoparticle formation, while N2 purging during the reaction did not affect long-term stability. On the other hand, the simultaneous use of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), 3-Mercaptopropionic acid (3-MPA), and creating an external Ag shell (@Ag) on the NPs surface significantly retarded or inhibited samples oxidation. Major driving forces were the chelating power of the polymer, NP’s surface passivation, and inhibition of the silver electromigration mechanism. Dynamic light scattering and UV-Vis spectroscopy analyzes confirmed the stability of the optimized PVP-capped Ag/Cu@Ag core@shell NPs. In addition, transmission electron microscopy confirmed their core@shell morphology and an Ag/Cu nanoalloy phase in the particle core. Antimicrobial activity studies showed selectivity toward bacteria, including the biofilm-forming Pseudomonas Aeruginosa. PVP-capped Ag/Cu@AgNPs resistance to oxidation allowed a slow metal ions release, which induced a synergic antimicrobial effect between Ag and Cu ions at low copper contents. Therefore, a rational synthesis design and the application of statistical tools allowed for obtaining highly stable antibacterial nanostructures. The results show that PVP-capped Ag/Cu@AgNPs are promising new-generation antibacterial agents.

Tourism Expenditure of the Philippines: A Regression Analysis

This research conducts an extensive analysis of tourism expenditure trends in the Philippines, encompassing both inbound and domestic travel. The study relies on secondary data sourced from the Department of Tourism, covering the period from 2000 to 2022. Through the application of statistical tools like mean and standard deviation calculations, as well as linear regression analysis, this investigation reveals intricate patterns inherent in the dataset. The analysis emphasizes the economic significance of domestic tourism, consistently outpacing expenditure on inbound tourism. Notably, there has been a notable upward trajectory in domestic spending, particularly noticeable from around 2010 onwards, indicating a growing interest among Filipinos in exploring their own country. Conversely, inbound expenditure shows fluctuations but experiences substantial growth from 2010 to 2019, signifying an increasing international appeal.

APPLICATION OF MULTIPLE LINEAR REGRESSION MODELS TO DETERMINE MICROBIAL WATER QUALITY CHANGES ACROSS HIGHLY DISTURBED LOWER HIMALAYAN STREAM AND THE GROUNDWATER SOURCES IN THE PROXIMITY, JAMMU (INDIA)

The study investigated the microbial quality of Behlol stream- a Lower Himalayan stream and groundwater sources in its proximity areas in terms of MPN index/100 ml for total and faecal coliforms and application of statistical tools like correlation and linear regression to deduce beneficial parametric associations for easy interpretation of the data. MPN/100 ml index analysis revealed severe microbial contamination at the surface water sampling site S2 and the nearby groundwater sites G2 and G3 indicating the impact of surface water pollution on the groundwater sources. The authors observed that the rate of groundwater contamination decreased with the increase in distance from the surface water sites suggesting that the groundwater pollution is mainly contributed by the release of combined industrial and sewage wastes into the Behlol stream. The study also identified bacterial genera like Escherichia, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Citrobacter, Proteus, Salmonella, and Shigella, belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae via colony cultural characteristics and biochemical tests. A significant relationship obtained from an orderly linear correlation and regression in this study provides a better alternative for a systematic study over the conventional techniques; reducing the quantum of analysis and can therefore be treated as a rapid method for water quality monitoring

Http://ijmsnr.com/a-view-on-conducting-research-and-applications-of-biostatistics-is-essential-to-medical-education/

Research is the main key method of the advancement of medical field. It is a continuous process and it gives the new and best method/way of new treatment/way of medication in the medical field. It is an important and essential education method in the medical education curriculum in India. Not only in India, doing research and submission it in a proper way or method is a mandatory procedure in the medical education process in worldwide medical education. Anybody wants to prove their finding in medical or any other field then; they will do some research with proper permission and procedure and submit their finding using by biostatistical tools and applications and to prove scientifically in a proper way. Research is very much useful to find the consequences, and other information about Covid-19 pandemic to doctors/scientist/health care providers’/policy makers/State and Central Governments to take necessary precautionary measures. Biostatistics means the application of statistical tools to scientific research in health care related areas like medicine, biology, and public health. From research only, one can prove or develop a new method or tools or procedure to a new area/field by using biostatistical tools or methods. Research and applications of biostatistical tools are interrelated with each other. Without using of biostatistical tools, no one has to prove their findings are scientifically. So, it is the back bone of any kind research/study. These two things are very important in our Indian medical education/curriculum and other foreign countries also. So, in this short communication, I have to discuss about the needs and importance of research and biostatistics concepts and its applications in the under graduate and post graduate medical education. Keywords: medical education, medical curriculum, under and post graduate students, research, biostatistical tools, India

The effectiveness of tactical management practices in the construction companies

This work provides an overview tactics with the intention to analyze and to evaluate effectiveness of strategic management practices in construction companies. In order to achieve this, relevant studies were examined and reviewed on the issues of management practices and construction companies. The research method used is the application of statistical tools in SPSS and Minitab tools to evaluate and to analysis the distributed questionnaires. The aim of the research design is the desire to simplify the complex issue of the strategic management practices, in construction companies in decision making for a better understanding. 349 responses were used to study the population of the construction companies’ staff in the case study. The primary and secondary data are the sources of data used for this research. The instruments used in collection of the data were structured questionnaire, interview and observation. The descriptive method was used to analyze the data generated for the research. This was supported by tables showing questions, responses, frequency and percentages. The mean scores, correlation, and standard deviation test was used in analyzing the data generated for the study. The findings indicate that the effectiveness of management practices tactics are highly essential, influential and significance in construction companies. Without adequate tactical management practices, construction companies will have deficiencies in design, construction and construction management. Based on the above findings the researcher made recommendations that will help to enhance construction companies and construction management and to create effectiveness that will enable the environment specifically in construction companies.

Application of statistical tools in the analysis of adsorption data

This study was carried out to analyse the experimental data by hypothesis testing using various statistical tests. It enabled us to make significant statements about the adsorption parameters. Dried mango leaf powder was used as an adsorbent to remove Cu (II), Zn (II) and Pb (II) ions from contaminated water samples. Student’s t-tests, F-test and Chi-square test and ANOVA were used for the analysis of data. The calculated values of t, F and chi-square were compared with their tabulated values listed in literature within 5% level of significance. Results showed the experimental data in an accepted region on the probability charts, signifying the validity of data % zinc ions removed, equilibrium time, the effectiveness of adsorption in the removal of zinc ions, equality of variance of two samples of different concentrations and difference of means of multiple samples.

Research on the Training Path of Professional Core Literacy Matching Ability of Private Universities under the Background of New Liberal Arts

Guided by the core theory of comprehensively launching the new liberal arts construction conference, aiming at cultivating applied and compound talents, based on the perspective of OBE teaching theory, integrating the characteristics of our own university, taking the characteristics of economic statistics as an example, this paper constructs the core literacy index matching with the core literacy of Chinese students’ development, and studies the matching curriculum and education path. Reconstruct the design in the aspects of basic knowledge, professional quality, application of statistical tools, practical innovation and cross-cultural cooperation, form a training path framework, enable students to form the ability to match the professional core quality in the new liberal arts era, then the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation matrix is further constructed, and the index evaluation system based on the development of core literacy is established. Finally, the research results are discussed.

Application of Statistical Tools for Optimization of Itraconazole Microemulsion

Application of Statistical Tools for Optimization of Itraconazole Microemulsion

Modelling of a Brazilian ethanol plant: impact of the bagasse use and the ethanol dehydration on energy efficiency and sustainability

Ethanol has a large share in Brazilian primary energy consumption and plays a significant role in the mitigation of the emissions from combustion engines, as national regulations advance towards increasing anhydrous ethanol content in gasoline or by the direct use of hydrated ethanol as fuel. A simulation of a sugarcane ethanol plant with a regular yield of 85.3 L of ethanol per ton of cane was carried out. The investigated process starts from the cultivation of sugarcane to the production of hydrated and/or anhydrous ethanol. The study considered that bagasse can be either burnt for cogeneration or used as feedstock for the enzymatic hydrolysis system. Additionally, alternative energy sources (such as natural gas (NG) burnt in a boiler or electricity from the Brazilian National Interconnected System (NIS)) are considered in order to cover the domestic demand in cases where biomass lacked for energy purposes. Net energy ratio (NER), fossil energy ratio (FER) and total CO2 emission were modelled through central composite designs to assess scenarios in which the fraction of bagasse sent to hydrolysis (x1) and hydrated ethanol sent to dehydration (x2) both varied between 0 and 100%. The application of statistical tools (ANOVA, Student’s t test and R2) showed that x1 caused significant variations on the investigated parameters, while x2 proportioned mild effects. NER varied in the range 0.795–0.984, with an optimal value being found at (x1, x2) equal to (81.82, 0) and (36.67, 0) when the system is coupled to NIS and a NG boiler, respectively. FER was verified as high as 11.910 with energy from NIS to produce hydrated ethanol with maximal cogeneration from the bagasse. It diminished to 3, when around 40% of bagasse is sent to enzymatic hydrolysis instead for the cogeneration system and NG complements the domestic demand.

Investigation and Optimization of Production Variables: A Case of Plastic Manufacturing Industry

The study evaluates and analysis the extrusion plastic production variables in Innoson Plastic Manufacturing Company, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria. The research method adopted is the application of statistical tools and design of expert tools to evaluate and to analyze the influence of the variables. The statistical correlation of the variables is to understand the significant relationship between the variables. The parameters are all significance except time. This show that time is not significant in modeling the system. The use of design expert was applied to evaluate the extrusion plastic production variable to understand what the variables portray and its influence on production. The mixture design method of D-optimal Non-Simplex Screening model was used to optimize the production variables which entails that the best quantity of product that is to produce is 9204.461 units. The results show that the industry should be conscious of highly influence input variable during production.

Digital ruling out but the social exclusion, that is about power of the determination of the degree of the participation in the society through the access to information technologies

<b>Aim:</b> The aim of the paper is to look close at the phenomenon of digital exclusion and its level across voivode ships in Poland and consequently construct ranking arrangement. Digital exclusion is then to be seen in the context of social exclusion and the interdependence of the two are measured and explained. <br><b>Data and methods:</b> The data for the investigation come from the Local Data Bank of the Central Statistical Office. The research procedure is based on statistical methods of linear classification of objects as well as chosen correlation measures. <br><b>Results:</b> The application of statistical tools of objects classification allowed to distinguish groups of voivode ships of high, moderate and low level of ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) access. The results were compared with parallel outcomes for the investigation of social exclusion. For both cases ranking arrangements were constructed and the correlation between them estimated. The obtained value of correlation coefficient confirmed previous observations indicating the interdependence between the two phenomena, although the real character of it has not yet been discovered. <br><b>Conclusions:</b> The investigation shows that the phenomenon of digital exclusion is differentiated within the set of voivode ships. There are still areas that should be taken care of in this aspect. At the same time it follows from the research that digital inclusion plays a significant role in social inclusion, but still there are many questions left unanswered within this area.

Probability and inferential statistics

Application of statistical tools is essential for appropriate understanding of the collected data in clinical trials. The types of variables for the study are also decided in advance and the relevant statistical tools identified in the planning stage of the study. The tests applied also depend on the distribution of data and hence this assessment needs to be done before application of a particular statistical tool. The variables are summarised to better understand the large pool of collected data, done using descriptive statistics. To compare this summarised data across different study groups, inferential statistics are required. Inferential statistics provide the significance of differences (e.g., P value and confidence intervals) helping the researchers and readers to confirm the differences among the groups. Strong methodology and clinical knowledge of the chosen research question should form the background for statistical analysis. We provide a brief review of the basic statistical tools, including probability and inferential statistics.

PDA Biosimilars Workshop Report (September 27-28, 2018)-Getting It Right the First Time for Biosimilar Marketing Applications.

This workshop report summarizes the presentations, the breakout session outcomes, and the speaker panel discussions from the PDA Biosimilars Workshop held September 27-28, 2018, in Washington, DC. This format was deliberately selected for the workshop with the expectation of delivering a post-workshop paper on current best practices and existing challenges for sponsors. The event, co-chaired by Dr. Stephan Krause (AstraZeneca Biologics) and Dr. Emanuela Lacana (CDER/FDA), was attended by 140 agency and industry representatives. The workshop was separated into three major sessions P1: Regulatory Perspective, P2: Challenges in Biosimilar Development, and P3: Demonstrating Analytical Similarity. Each of the three sessions started with agency and industry presentations. Participants then split into two concurrent roundtable discussion groups to hear the answers to questions that had been provided to all participants one week prior to the event. The sessions were recorded. This paper provides consolidated answers to specific case studies for current challenges to sponsors and agencies. In addition, the panel discussion notes following each breakout roundtable session, as well as brief talk summaries of all speakers, are provided. The first session explored the challenges encountered with submission of biosimilar marketing applications from the perspectives of regulatory agencies. Expectations for a successful submission of the chemistry, manufacturing, and controls (CMC) information were described. The second session addressed high-level technical challenges and how to avoid pitfalls frequently encountered during biosimilar candidate development, including data quality expectations, creation of the final control strategy, and strategic choices necessary for candidate selection and development. Both regulatory perspectives and industry experience were shared. The last session explored the use of statistical tools to provide meaningful contributions to the demonstration of analytical similarity. The presentations highlighted common issues and practical challenges that arise during the application of statistical tools.LAY ABSTRACT: Significant challenges are still-remaining for sponsors and agencies to successfully develop and license Biosimilars. A Biosimilars Workshop was therefore held on 27-28 September 2018 in Washington, DC, to find practical solutions to the remaining challenges. The workshop planning committee with members from industry and agencies prepared specific case studies focused on some of most difficult situations. The workshop was separated into three major sessions (P1 - Regulatory Perspective; P2 - Challenges in Biosimilar Development; P3 - Demonstrating Analytical Similarity) and each session attempted to provide practical solutions to the relevant case studies. This first session explored the challenges encountered with submission of biosimilar marketing applications from the regulatory agencies' perspectives. Expectations for a successful submission of the CMC information were described. The second session addressed high-level technical challenges frequently encountered during biosimilar candidate development, including data quality expectations, the creation of the final control strategy, and strategic choices necessary for candidate selection and development. The last session explored the use of statistical tools to provide meaningful contributions to the demonstration of analytical similarity and practical challenges that arise during the application of statistical tools.

P081] A population-based and mixed model approach for enhancing iodine biokinetics in radioiodine therapy for hyperthyroidism

Purpose Individualized calculation of radioiodine 131 I activity for the treatment of benign thyroid disease is imperative according to Euratom Directive 59/13. In general, measurements taken per patient are very limited to obtain an accurate estimate of the absorbed dose in the thyroid. The application of statistical tools can improve the accuracy of the biokinetic parameters used to calculate personalized activity. The aim of this work was to model the population biokinetics of thyroid for hyperthyroid patients using a nonlinear mixed-effects approach. Methods The model data were obtained from planar scintigraphic images obtained 4, 24 and 96 hours after the pretherapeutic administration of 111 MBq of 123 I-NaI . A total of 174 uptake measurements corrected for physical decay in patients who received 131 I - NaI for Graves’ disease were included in the study. The root mean squared error (RMSE), coefficient of determination (R2) and leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) method were used to evaluate the goodness of the fit and performance of the model. The predicted and calculated uptake values were used to calculate the activity of 131 I for giving 120 Gy in thyroid from the MIRD (Medical Internal Radiation Dose) formula and the differences were evaluated using RMSE. Results The model fit to the data was very good (R2=0.9977 and RMSE=4%) and the standard deviation of the residual error was of 3%. The fitted model predicts with high accuracy the left-out observations and the calculated activities of I-131(RMSE=12%) and especially, when the 24-h observation was left out (RMSE=7% and 8.5%,respectively). The highest RMSE corresponded to the 96-hours measurement. Conclusions A population-based and mixed model approach can enhance the accuracy of biokinetic parameters included in the MIRD formula for the calculation of the optimum therapeutic activity of 131I. A high ability for predicting new observations and observed uptake values was found. The quantification of the accuracy of prediction of the model enables choose among different time sampling schedules of the radioiodine thyroid uptake curve. In our case, we could use a 2-point schedule with a low loss of accuracy against a 3-points schedule. This methodology could be extended to other areas where repeated measurements are made.

The application of statistical methods in the study of unprofitable organizations’ activities

Unprofitable organizations rarely fall under the monitoring of the economic development of territorial entities. Rather, they are the object of study of forensic economic examination, appointed, for example, to establish the facts of false bankruptcy. Is the unprofitability identical to the failure of investment projects, and is it possible to put an equal sign between these categories and phenomena? Unprofitability of organizations is not always associated with criminal aspects or incompetent management. Often, the reasons can be so independent of managers that one just has to watch how a firm or business rolls down. These are economic reasons, for example, the appearance of powerful competitors-producers or substitute goods; this is also administrative reasons, caused by an imbalance in the relationship between business and government, the needs of officials and the “cashier” of entrepreneurs. In addition, a huge number of organizations, especially in mining and agrarian industries are planned loss-making: it relates to all industrially developed economies in the world. Thus, from the perspective of investment research, the question of their effectiveness and profitability is legitimate. The ratio of planned and unplanned unprofitability is a delicate matter, relative to the budget system. The problematic nature of these issues is manifested, both in theoretical and practical-management aspects. The adoption of any decisions on these issues is impossible without proper and adequate quantification of such a phenomenon in the economy, as the unprofitability of organizations. A comprehensive quantitative assessment is in the competence and theoretical and methodological field of statistical science. It is the application of statistical tools for the study of unprofitable organizations that this research is devoted to, as presented in the article

Electronic Fund Transfers : Compulsion or Necessity

Electronic Funds Transfers are an intrinsic and innate constituent of the banking sector. The paper envisages the unquestionable benefits that accrue from e-transfers or digital transactions. The unchallenged factors like connectivity, proper customer data, identification, security, switching gateways, and clearing houses in foreign banks operating in India were thoroughly reviewed and analyzed in the research study. The methodology of the research paper included literature review, extraction of variables, questionnaire formulation, pilot testing, data collection from primary as well as secondary resources, and application of statistical tools with the help of SPSS software. The major findings relate to the usage, concentration, comfort ability, acceptance, security, and growth of such features in the banking industry. The paper also recommends bankers to find gateways to overcome the pitfalls in electronic funds transfers and related features. Care should also be taken by customers by adhering to the processes and following of instructions correctly by service providers

The application of statistical methods to assess economic assets

The article is devoted to consideration and evaluation of machinery, equipment and special equipment, methodological aspects of the use of standards for assessment of buildings and structures in current prices, the valuation of residential, specialized houses, office premises, assessment and reassessment of existing and inactive military assets, the application of statistical methods to obtain the relevant cost estimates. The objective of the scientific article is to consider possible application of statistical tools in the valuation of the assets, composing the core group of elements of national wealth – the fixed assets. Firstly, capital tangible assets constitute the basis of material base of a new value creation, products and non-financial services. The gain, accumulated of tangible assets of a capital nature is a part of the gross domestic product, and from its volume and specific weight in the composition of GDP we can judge the scope of reproductive processes in the country. Based on the methodological materials of the state statistics bodies of the Russian Federation, regulations of the theory of statistics, which describe the methods of statistical analysis such as the index, average values, regression, the methodical approach is structured in the application of statistical tools to obtain value estimates of property, plant and equipment with significant accumulated depreciation. Until now, the use of statistical methodology in the practice of economic assessment of assets is only fragmentary. This applies to both Federal Legislation (Federal law № 135 «On valuation activities in the Russian Federation» dated 16.07.1998 in edition 05.07.2016) and the methodological documents and regulations of the estimated activities, in particular, the valuation activities’ standards. A particular problem is the use of a digital database of Rosstat (Federal State Statistics Service), as to the specific fixed assets the comparison should be carried out precisely in the boundary of the typological group to which the object is identified. The rationale for the comprehensive application of statistical methods in the implementation of cost and comparative approaches in the assessment of economic assets, practical component, are a primary result of scientific research. It is not enough to use methodological developments in the assessment activities in modern conditions of market development and scientific and technical level for the large-scale evaluation of all available material resources of the economy and their total potential. The application of mathematical-statistical apparatus, therefore, is an objective necessity for obtaining general indicators of the size of the national wealth. In conclusion, we can mention about the methodical approaches, the building of model algorithms application of statistical methods in solving scientific and practical problems, depending on the identification belonging of the valued objects. It is premature to talk about the formalization of the application of statistical methods, the results of which would be transformed into a сertain reporting. It requires the solution of a question on the fixed assets’ census at least at the level of regions, subjects of the Russian Federation.

A Study on Consumer Perception on Malted Health Food Drinks in Udaipur City

Healthy living is prime concern of today’s society. Many studies show that people are adopting health related changes in their eating habits. These changes create a new opportunity in food and drink industry. This is the reason health drink industry emerged as the most popular and growing segment of overall soft drinks industry in the world. As compared to the other food supplement health drinks stands the top in position, because these drinks have no side effects. There is enormous competition in between various international brands of health food drink companies. They are coming with new products and strategies. Malted health food drink is among best substitute of a complete food. India, the world’s largest malt bases drinks market accounts for 22% of the world’s retail volume sales. These drinks are traditionally consumed as milk substitutes and also available in mixed with water and marketed as nutritious drinks mainly consumed by the old, the young and the sick persons. Malt is germinated cereal grains that have been dried in a process known as malting. The grains are made to germinate by soaking in water, and are then halted from germinating further by drying with hot air. This paper is designed is such a way where perception of consumers about malted health food drinks are not only explained in details but also tested through proper application of statistical tools.

Honest Hypothesis Testing: A Parable

Typical empirical methods training for finance Ph.D students emphasizes theory and application of statistical tools, augmented by study of empirical applications published in the academic journals. But newly minted faculty/authors will also have to cope with opinions of their administrative and academic journal evaluators, something not as heavily stressed in the heavily methods-oriented curriculum. We put a humorous slant on this by providing a parable in which a seemingly simple, standard hypothesis test is subject to the crucible of peer opinion both within and outside the professor's domicile. The parable is used to teach that the interpretation of seemingly simple test statistics is not so simple, and is intended to help instructors augment traditional statistics pedagogy.