Application Of Rules Research Articles

TRANSFORMATION OF REGIONAL FIRE SERVICES ORGANIZATION IN SERANG CITY BANTEN PROVINCE

Based on Law Number 23 of 2014 regarding on Regional Government, it is stated that fire is one of mandatory affairs relating to basic services in the field of public order and community protection. One of the consequences of mandatory matters related to basic services is the Minimum Service Standards (called SPM) set by the government to provide guarantees that all citizens in Indonesia will receive a minimum basic services, including in the fire sector. The institutional form of regional fire service organization is an important aspect in supporting the effective implementation of regional government duties in carrying out mandatory affairs related to basic services. Therefore, organizational transformation is a necessity that cannot be avoided, considering the various factors that influence the organization are changing so rapidly. The purpose of this research is to find out how organizational transformation occurs, to find the determining factors and to formulate a model for organizational transformation of regional fire service organization. The research method used is a descriptive method with a qualitative approach with data collection through interviews, observations and documentations. This research analyzes and evaluates the organizational structure of regional fire service organization in Serang City, Banten Province. The research results show that the transformation has been analyzed using the 4R approach (Reframing, Restructure, Revitalization and Renewal). In principle, the process of organizational transformation of regional fire service organization in Serang City, Banten Province has been carried out. This can be seen from the changes in organizational form and structure that adapt to district needs. However, this transformation shows suboptimal because it is not based on the implementation of the organization's mission, application of rules and political will. Thus, an ideal organization has not yet been achieved. A regional apparatus organization that handles the mandatory affairs related to basic services, the nomenclature, structure, duties and functions of fire and rescue services should be in an independent agency at least with the type C model.

Street-level land administration in post-conflict peri-urban areas: the case of Waitiki Farm

There is a dearth of theoretical and empirical work examining street-level land administration officials (SLAOs) in post-conflict peri-urban communities in sub-Saharan Africa. This article investigates how SLAOs deliver land administration services under a hybrid governance regime in a localised post-conflict environment, and how they balance strict adherence to the rule of law and a flexible application of rules and regulations. The study is based on a case study in Mombasa. The theory argues that, in Waitiki, SLAOs evaluate their situation and formulate a range of strategies to deliver services and deal with poor governance challenges like corruption.

International Protection of Human Rights in Non-International Armed Conflicts

This research examines the foundations for protecting human rights in non-international armed conflicts. The meaning and importance of the International Bill of Human Rights will be clarified, and the applicable rules for resolving non-international armed conflicts will be explained. The research relied on descriptive and analytical methods and was the primary objective. The results yielded several important results, the most important of which is that due to the International Committee of the Red Cross's tireless efforts and coordinated regional and global efforts, it introduced the draft articles created by the four agreements to the Diplomatic Conference held in 1949. This Article was delivered to the Conference and attempted to apply the principles of the agreements to all instances of armed conflict, including those involving non-international armed conflicts. The study suggested reviewing the texts of the Geneva Conventions of 1949, considering the past experiences of non-international armed conflicts to ensure greater protection of human rights.

Implementasi Kebijakan Pemerintah dalam Pembinaan Penataan Pasar Karombasan Kecamatan Wanea Kota Manado

This research aims to describe and analyze the implementation of government policies in the management and development of the Karombasan Market, Wanea District, Manado City. The method used in this research is a qualitative approach research method. The aim of descriptive research is to create systematic, actual and accurate descriptions, images or paintings regarding the facts, as well as the properties and relationships between the phenomena being investigated. The results of the research show that the government has carried out their respective duties but it is still not going well, even though they hold a large responsibility in the management and development of the Karombasan Market in Manado, they cannot do much even though they have already held socialization because of the Traders do not follow the rules that have been made and mutually agreed upon but it doesn't have much of an impact because not many traders participate and the government has carried out socialization for a long time and is no longer held. And also because traders are used to situations like that because from the start of their sales they were not grouped according to the types of sales. The arrangement and development of the Manado Karombasan Market did not run optimally because since the planning, traders were not placed in accordance with the applicable rules or regulations. The government is less firm in following up on the problems faced, such as traders' stalls which are not well organized and do not comply with the rules, traders do not participate enough in the arrangement and cleanliness of Manado's Karombasan Market. The absence of regional regulations governing traditional markets, especially in the city of Manado, makes it difficult for the government to take reference from where to act and manage these markets.

The Effect of Russia's Invasion of Ukraine on Non-Human Animals: International Humanitarian Law Perspectives

AbstractSince Russia's full-scale aggression against Ukraine, there have been thousands of instances of civilian casualties, damage to the natural environment and cultural property, destruction of buildings and infrastructure, blockading of ports, siege, capturing installations containing dangerous forces, and other consequences that accompany hostilities. In addition to the fatalities related to humans (civilians and combatants alike) and their property or environment, the war in Ukraine has also accounted for non-human tolls – namely, the destruction of animals or damage to their habitats.The primary objective of this article is to study three patterns of animal suffering documented during Russia's invasion of Ukraine: (i) targeting zoos and killing zoo animals; (ii) extermination of the Black Sea dolphin population; and (iii) eating pigeons or other pets in besieged localities, and to analyse these patterns in the light of applicable rules of international humanitarian law (IHL).The idea of this research is to underline that war can have a significant effect on various categories of animals, and Russia's invasion of Ukraine is just another example of this. The article also discusses how, and the extent to which international law can provide protection for animals in armed conflict, and whether there are any gaps in the applicable IHL rules related to the protection of animals.

Mean dependency length — a new metric for requirements quality

AbstractThis paper proposes the mean dependency length (MDL) as a metric for measuring natural language requirements quality. Dependency length is a linguistic feature based on dependency grammar, which natural language researchers have traditionally used to evaluate syntactic complexity in other contexts. In this study, aided by MATLAB‐based algorithms, the authors assessed MDL over a requirements set composed of 249 original statements, rephrased into five pattern systems. Null hypothesis and effect size testings revealed that MDL is sensitive to the application of pattern rules and to the differences among the patterns, both in an absolute approach and in comparison with other metrics. Furthermore, it was also demonstrated that MDL is aligned with users' values, especially for understandability issues, and can be measured automatically. Finally, the work concluded that MDL is a convenient metric for assessing the quality of natural language requirements.

Implementation of International Judgement of Arbitration within the Framework of International Agreements

In this research, we discuss the application of international arbitration in Iraq in accordance with international agreements, and we discuss the most important agreements ratified by Iraq, to what extent these agreements create obligations to implement international arbitration in Iraq, and we have explained their terms and conditions, the methods of implementing arbitration orders and the cases in which it is not permissible to implement arbitration orders. International in Iraq. One of the most important needs of the era of globalization is the recognition of binding international rules and work to implement them, as non-recognition conflicts with the need for international trade transactions, because it creates obstacles and hinders the development of trade and economic relations. This paper is divided into two parts, the first part discusses the regional agreements of which Iraq is a member, and the second part discusses the application of the merger rule in accordance with international agreements.

How influential is politics for Indonesia?

The relationship between law and politics, as discussed in the field of legal studies, examines how law operates within a specific political context. The term "legal politics" consists of two words: politics and law. Etymologically, the relationship between politics and law in the context of legal politics can be explained as follows: In the Dutch language, the term for legal politics is "rechtspolitiek." Rechtspolitiek is a compound word consisting of "recht" (law) and "politiek" (politics). The word "recht" refers to the system of rules that govern behavior in society, known as law. On the other hand, "politiek" or "beleid" means politics (policy). Legal politics is the exercise of power with rights and authority over a law. It serves various purposes: 1) In the socio-political sphere, legal politics aims to ensure justice in society. It strives for the application of fair rules for the community, avoiding any biases or favoritism, both in laws and other regulations, 2) Legal politics is beneficial in maintaining legal certainty to create a sense of security and tranquility in society. All rules, whether new or existing, should be based on reliable and logical sources. Rules should be used appropriately and in accordance with the law dan 3) In concrete social life, legal politics aims to regulate genuine interests. This is applied, for example, when the government enacts laws that align with the collective aspirations of society and support them.

Kata Serapan Bahasa Sasak Dari Bahasa Arab (Analisis Fonologis Dan Semantik)

Language is a sound system used by ethnic groups in expressing their desires with the applicable rules. The use of Sasak loanwords from Arabic through written and spoken language causes a change in writing in the Sasak language loanwords from Arabic. This causes a change in the form of the Arabic loanword into the Sasak language, because these two languages are two different languages. These changes can occur in phonological and morphological patterns. The two languages in the realm of morphology have different sequences and syllables in the occurrence of word formation, so there is a change in word class from the previous word class in syllables. Likewise at the phonological level, namely in the field of phonemes, both languages have their own rules. The entry of Islam in the Sasak lands became a determining factor for the Arabic language until it was heard by the Sasak people. The fact that the Qur'an as the foundation and source of Islamic law has made Arabic known as the Islamic language, until the implementation of worship, both obligatory and sunnah prayers using Arabic. With the close relationship between Islam and Arabic, where Islam spreads, Arabic is also starting to be known and used by the local community.

MODIFICATION OF A QUANTUM-INSPIRED GENETIC ALGORITHM FOR NUMERICAL OPTIMIZATION USING QUDIT UNDER CONDITIONS OF SIMULATING QUANTUM DECOHERENCE

The genetic algorithm for numerical optimization (GA) of the metaheuristic class is a method for finding optimal solutions based on the biological principles of natural selection and variability. GA is characterized by high operating speed, resistance to noise in the data, low probability of hitting the local extremum of the multimodal objective function, as well as the simultaneous application of probabilistic and deterministic rules for generating search space points. An alternative to the classical GA is the quantum-inspired genetic algorithm for numerical optimization (QIGA), which has advantages that are unattainable for GA by using the concepts and principles of quantum computing. The article proposes a new approach to the implementation of a quantum-inspired genetic numerical optimization algorithm for searching for the global maximum of the objective function, based on modeling the functioning of the GA by simulating the execution of quantum calculations based on qudit in the conditions of the existence of quantum decoherence in the era of noisy medium-scale quantum algorithms. For this purpose, to carry out quantum operations of rotating the states of multilevel quantum systems, the paper presents a density matrix based on Heisenberg-Weyl operators as an analogue of the Bloch sphere for qudits. The simulation of quantum decoherence is interpreted from the point of view of the influence of extraneous noise emanating from the environment on the qudit and is presented as the use of a normal random variable with zero mathematical expectation and unit variance in quantum gates. At the same time, the work presents detailed pseudocodes of the functioning of both the most modified quantum-inspired genetic algorithm for numerical optimization and its individual operations. Testing is carried out by conducting computational experiments with the implementation of a modified algorithm on two-dimensional and multidimensional functions of test optimization problems, as well as when solving an applied optimization problem of planning hybrid flow production in the manufacturing industry based on financial costs and solving the problem of increasing forecasting accuracy based on compact extreme learning machines. The experimental results demonstrate the superiority of the new algorithm over QIGA and classical optimization algorithms in the accuracy of the solution, the speed of convergence with the target value of the global maximum and the execution time of the algorithm.

The Strategic Role of the Third Mission in Universities: A Concrete Case Study

In addition to teaching and research, the goal of universities is to contribute to the development of civil society by promoting the direct application, valorization, and use of knowledge. In reality, it is a widespread and shared opinion that is no longer enough to carry out research on campus and publish subsequent works in scientific journals. It is also difficult to be fully satisfied with teaching only young people in university courses. This paper focuses on highlighting how an applied example can be taken as the best practice for future implementations. The methodology used is qualitative. The research question that initiated the study was to concretely verify how the Third Mission (TM) was integrated into the strategic choices of universities. In light of the new methods of evaluating universities, how can we highlight what they have done in terms of the third mission? Are organizational solutions possible in the approach to the TM? The objective was to verify what the impact and future development of the Third Mission (TM) in the universities will be. In light of its inclusion among the evaluation criteria of universities and teachers, the Third Mission (TM) is the new future frontier in terms of local and national openness and development, as well as their economic and financial sustainability. To this end, a case analysis was proposed as a model/best practice, and in particular the case of the Department of Business and Law of the University of Calabria was also presented. The application and implementation of rules and regulations are always difficult in any case and in any field. An example can be seen in public administration and universities, bureaucratically "plastered" and not very inclined to change and innovation, especially regarding performance evaluation. Therefore, seeing an application carried out relatively quickly allows the enhancement of the “DiScAG Model”, which is to be taken as an application example in the implementation of the Third Mission (TM) in universities. The study will contribute to increasing the literature and starting a discussion and a reflection on what has been done and what still needs to be done in this direction.

THE IMPORTANCE OF WRITING AND ITS PROBLEMS AMONG STUDENTS OF SYAMSUDDHUHA ISLAMIC BOARDING SCHOOL

The central issue addressed in this study is the students' inadequate writing skills. Writing proficiency is important for academic success across all subjects taught in Arabic. Students with poor writing abilities encounter difficulties in responding to questions that necessitate written answers in Arabic. This research aims to identify the challenges faced by students at Syamsudhuha Islamic Boarding School in mastering writing skills, to explore the factors contributing to these challenges, and to propose solutions for improving writing instruction. This study employs a descriptive survey methodology, utilizing interviews, questionnaires, and documentation as research instruments to comprehensively describe the existing issues and contributing factors. The findings reveal that students struggle with the application of nahwu and sharaf rules, limited vocabulary, lack of interest in writing. Contributing factors include static teaching methods, absence of instructional media, an ineffective language learning environment, unsystematic vocabulary distribution, and limited goals for Arabic language learning. This study suggested several solutions to these problems: providing language learning facilities and resources, enhancing the language environment, improving the quality of teaching, and incorporating systematic writing practice.

THE ROLE OF HOMEROOM TEACHERS ON THE DISCIPLINE OF CLASS V STUDENTS MIS MARDLIYATUL

<p>This study aims to examine the role of homeroom teachers in improving the discipline of grade V students at MIS Mardliyatul. Discipline is an important aspect of education that directly affects the teaching and learning process and students' academic achievement. Homeroom teachers are responsible for monitoring, guiding, and implementing discipline rules in the classroom. This research used a qualitative method with a case study approach, involving direct observation, in-depth interviews with homeroom teachers, teachers, and students, and analysis of related documentation. The results showed that homeroom teachers play a strategic role in shaping student discipline through personalized approaches, consistent application of rules, and effective communication with students and parents. In conclusion, the active role of homeroom teachers is essential in creating a disciplined learning environment conducive to students' academic and character development.</p>

Strategi Rekrutmen Dosen Berbasis Matrik S.W.O.T. di Institut Agama Islam Al Muhammad Cepu

High institution needed the management of employment resources that were suitable, fair, and selective. However, the educational workers from private institution frequently considered as low quality workers because they could not be competitive with others. Al Muhammad Cepu High Institute has a fixed strategies for the recruitment of lecturers from Assistant Professor (AA/Asisten Ahli) up to Full Professor (Guru Besar/GB). In this study, the current researchers aimed to describe strategies in recruiting lecturers. Those strategies was reached based on the S.W.O.T. matrix analysis with the internal and external factors. This was descriptive research by completing the collaborative approach between qualitative and quantitative. Qualitative data were identifications of internal external factors and synchronization of any norm and applicable rules related to lecturer’s recruitment. Quantitative data were tabulation of IFAS AND EFAS factors. Next, the writers have found two strategies for recruiting functional-level lecturers that were; 1) open-ended recruitment, and 2) closed-ended recruitment. Moreover, from the current employment data and those applicable recruitment systems, the researchers processed the findings by using the S.W.O.T. approach. This process occurred in some steps like a)identifying internal and external factors, and b)composing IFAS (Internal Factor Analysis Strategy) and EFAS (External Factor Analysis Strategy), c) confirming the statistical rate starts from 0,00 up to 1,00, d) taking the level from the number of 1,00 up to 4,00, and e) making quadrant matrix and relativity ratio, and 4)explain the challenges, obstacles, and opportunities.

Parametric Study on the Buckling of Unbraced Steel Frames under Fire Situation

A parametric investigation of several unbraced steel frames with regular and irregular geometry subjected to elevated temperatures is carried out in this study to determine the most accurate procedure and buckling lengths to be considered during the structural design under a fire situation. In such conditions, the stiffness and strength of steel decrease considerably due to high temperatures, and uncertainty remains in the application of the fire design rules of Eurocode 3 Part 1-2 (EN 1993-1-2) for unbraced frames as no information is given regarding the treatment of the deformed geometry (the so-called second-order effects). More precisely, it is unclear in the norm whether the verification based on the buckling length concept could be used or if a second-order analysis to calculate the internal forces is sufficient to ensure the stability of the frame in case of fire. Based on the linear buckling analysis of the steel frames accounting for the temperature development during a fire, recommendations for the appropriate buckling lengths to be used are given. Finally, it is demonstrated that using the recommended buckling lengths together with the design rules of EN 1993-1-2 leads to results in favor of safety when compared to the results obtained with the finite element method. On the other hand, it is concluded that using second-order internal forces and the real length of the columns as the buckling length, as suggested for room temperature design, yielded results outside safety when compared with the finite element method, and this analysis and verification procedure should not be used for the case of fire.

Analisis Hukum Mengenai Turunnya Balik Nama Sertifikat Hak Milik Menjadi Hak Guna Bangunan pada Badan Usaha Atau Perseroan Terbatas (PT)

Land is something that is very meaningful for the lives of living creatures, especially humans, from the past until the future. Therefore, it is important to have clear legal rules to regulate it. In Article 16 paragraph (1) of the UUPA, there are several types of land rights, namely: Ownership Rights, Cultivation Rights, Building Use Rights, and Use Rights, Rental Rights, Land Clearance Rights, and Forest Product Harvesting Rights. Land rights are rights owned by every land owner provided they have a certificate as strong evidence. Property rights are the strongest and most fulfilled rights. Business entities in the form of limited liability companies are currently in great demand, but problems often occur regarding land use due to the reduction in the status of Land Ownership Rights to Building Use Rights experienced by limited liability companies. The transition process also often experiences obstacles. For this reason, this research uses normative juridical research methods which focus on studying the application of rules or norms in positive law with a statutory approach and legal norms relating to land rights by Limited Liability Companies.

Analyzing the Challenges and Barriers to Develop State Civil Apparatus Competency Through Talent Management Development After the Release of the National Succession Planning System

Indonesia has transitioned from a public service management model to one to improve service delivery and competitiveness. However, this change faces challenges of efficiency in processes, human resource structures, and bureaucracy. Public distrust and State Civil Apparatus (ASN) non-compliance with the flow of reform pose challenges to increasing ASN competency and leadership reform. The implementation of breakthroughs in the development of public services still cannot prevent corruption both in regional and central government. Corruption does not only occur in the fiscal sector but also the ‘buying and selling’ positions due to the ASN’s low integrity. Regulation of the Minister of State Apparatus Empowerment and Bureaucratic Reform of the Republic of Indonesia Number 38 of 2017 concerning Competency Standards for State Civil Apparatus Positions requires that a State Civil Apparatus must have technical, managerial, and socio-cultural competence, which is constrained by the application of rules related to functional positions and career development, the institutionalization of the ASN’ workplace, and development of ASN training institutions. These constraints influence the ASN’s desire to develop. Thus, an integrated succession planning system for competency development which involves public participation is needed to prevent corruption, collusion, and nepotism in its implementation.

Shape meets Euclid: Integrating shape computation with ruler and compass procedures

The recent success of a class of mechanical applications of shape rules in CAD shape grammar interpreters has produced a renewed interest in the design and support of shape embedding and shape rewrite technologies. Despite this, some fundamental constructions in rule-based modeling, namely, any of Euclid's straightedge and compass constructions, appear awkward to simulate within the fuse-embed cycle of a shape grammar interpreter. It is suggested here that this problem of modeling Euclid's straightedge and compass constructions can be efficiently addressed with the introduction of a new schema rule leveraging symbolic representations of shape. Two applications based on the usage of three instances of this schema rule are given to show the simulation of straightedge and compass constructions in a general purpose 2D CAD shape grammar interpreter, the Shape Machine for Rhino. A reflection upon the usage of rule schemas in shape grammar interpreters is given in the end.

An efficient approach for discovering Graph Entity Dependencies (GEDs)

Graph entity dependencies (GEDs) are novel graph constraints, unifying keys and functional dependencies, for property graphs. They have been found useful in many real-world data quality and data management tasks, including fact checking on social media networks and entity resolution. In this paper, we study the discovery problem of GEDs—finding a minimal cover of valid GEDs in a given graph data. We formalise the problem, and propose an effective and efficient approach to overcome major bottlenecks in GED discovery. In particular, we leverage existing graph partitioning algorithms to enable fast GED-scope discovery, and employ effective pruning strategies over the prohibitively large space of candidate dependencies. Furthermore, we define an interestingness measure for GEDs based on the minimum description length principle, to score and rank the mined cover set of GEDs. Finally, we demonstrate the scalability and effectiveness of our GED discovery approach through extensive experiments on real-world benchmark graph data sets; and present the usefulness of the discovered rules in different downstream data quality management applications.

Disparity in the Application of Legal Rules to Gambling Crimes Through Electronic Media

<p class="TableParagraph"><em>Gambling is a betting game in which a value that is considered valuable is wagered in advance. Gambling is a criminal offense, of the many online gambling cases that have been decided by the court, including Decision Number 111/Pid.Sus/2021/Pn Unr, and Decision Number 139/Pid.Sus/2021/Pn Skb. Both decisions are decisions related to gambling crimes committed through electronic means, but from the two decisions, there are fundamental differences, especially related to the application of the reason is, where in the first decision the Judge used Article 303 of the Criminal Code, but in other decisions, the judge used the ITE law. Based on that, this study will examine why there is a disparity between the two decisions above. This study uses a normative juridical method with a legislative approach and a case approach. The results of the study show that even though the actions of the two defendants </em><em>were both carried out with electronic media facilities (smartphones) belonging to each defendant, the judge in making a verdict, tended to follow the demands of the Public Prosecutor. Disparity in the application of law in practice can result in disruption of the value of legal certainty and justice.</em><em></em></p>