Application Of PEDOT Research Articles

Additive Blending Effects on PEDOT:PSS Composite Films for Wearable Organic Electrochemical Transistors.

Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) employing conductive polymers (CPs) have gained remarkable prominence and have undergone extensive advancements in wearable and implantable bioelectronic applications in recent years. Among the diverse arrays of CPs, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is a common choice for the active-layer channel in p-type OECTs, showing a remarkably high transconductance for the high amplification of signals in biosensing applications. This investigation focuses on the novel engineering of PEDOT:PSS composite materials by seamlessly integrating several additives, namely, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), (3-glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane (GOPS), and a nonionic fluorosurfactant (NIFS), to fine-tune their electrical conductivity, self-healing capability, and stretchability. To elucidate the intricate influences of the DMSO, GOPS, and NIFS additives on the formation of PEDOT:PSS composite films, theoretical calculations were performed, encompassing the solubility parameters and surface energies of the constituent components of the NIFS, PEDOT, PSS, and PSS-GOPS polymers. Furthermore, we conducted a comprehensive array of material analyses, which reveal the intricacies of the phase separation phenomenon and its interaction with the materials' characteristics. Our research identified the optimal composition for the PEDOT:PSS composite films, characterized by outstanding self-healing and stretchable capabilities. This composition has proven to be highly effective for constructing an active-layer channel in the form of OECT-based biosensors fabricated onto polydimethylsiloxane substrates for detecting dopamine. Overall, these findings represent significant progress in the application of PEDOT:PSS composite films in wearable bioelectronics and pave the way for the development of state-of-the-art biosensing technologies.

Research progress on the modification of organic highly conductive polymer PEDOT: PSS

PEDOT: PSS (poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid)) is a high-profile organic conductive polymer, which is widely used because of its excellent conductivity and stability. The application of PEDOT: PSS is of great significance in the fields of energy, electronics, medical treatment and the environment. It offers an efficient, transparent, flexible, and environmentally friendly material option that drives various innovations and advancements. However, the traditional PEDOT: PSS can no longer meet the high requirements of today's electronic devices. Therefore, changing the conductivity, ductility and other properties of PEDOT: PSS through various physical and chemical methods has become an important topic. This paper reviews the progress of effectively improving the conductivity of PEDOT: PSS by reviewing PSS doping optimization, solvent doping modification (inorganic acid, organic reagent), and nanomaterial modification (CNTs, Graphene), so as to provide researchers with directions. Overall, PEDOT: PSS, as a material with excellent performance and wide application potential, has broad prospects for its application. With the continuous demand for flexible electronics, renewable energy, smart optoelectronic devices and biomedical applications, PEDOT: PSS will play an important role in these fields and promote the further development and innovation of related technologies.

Mini Review on PEDOT:PSS as a Conducting Material in Energy Harvesting and Storage Devices Applications

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), one of the conducting polymers, is widely used as a conducting material in various applications. PEDOT:PSS possesses high electrical conductivity, optical transparency in visible light range, good chemical and physical stability in ambient state, etc. Furthermore, PEDOT:PSS offers the advantages of flexibility and possibility of solution-based process, which makes it suitable for use in flexible electronic devices. In this mini review, the applications of PEDOT:PSS as a conductive parts in energy harvesting and storage technologies are discussed and summarized.

The Wound-Healing Activity of PEDOT-PSS in Animals.

This study evaluated the wound-healing activity of a polymer, Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly-(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT: PSS), and determined its mechanism based on angiogenic activity in a full-thickness excision wound model in Spraque Dawley (SD) rats. Administering PEDOT: PSS (1.6) 1.5 ppm at a dose of 50 mg/kg/day significantly improved wound healing in the SD rats on the eleventh day after the incision was created. PEDOT: PSS-treated animals presented no anti-inflammatory skin effects; however, there was an increase in angiogenic behavior. VEGF was found to be significantly elevated in the PEDOT: PSS-treated groups seven days post-incision. However, only a higher concentration of PEDOT: PSS increased TGF-β1 expression within the same time frame. Our results showed that PEDOT: PSS enhances wound healing activity, mainly in terms of its angiogenic effects. In this paper, we describe the highly conductive macromolecular material PEDOT: PSS, which demonstrated accelerated wound-healing activity in the animal incision model. The results will further provide information regarding the application of PEDOT: PSS as a dressing for medical use.

Application of PEDOT:PSS Conductive Polymer to Enhance the Conductivity of Natural Leather: Retanning Process

Leather is a natural material, made of collagen fiber bundles used to produce diverse types of products such as gloves and shoes due to durability, viscoelasticity, and strength. However, there is a limitation to using it for smart products due to electrical insulator properties and it needs conductivity properties to use for smart products. This study showed the new method of increasing the conductivity of goat glove leather by using poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as an enhancement reaction during the retanning process after leather acid dyeing. Analyze the properties of experimentally and conventionally treated leathers such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, tensile strength, color fastness, water absorption test, organoleptic, and electron microscopic analysis. The current study found that the treated leathers with 0.5 M PEDOT:PSS, 0.3 M DMSO, and acid dyestuff shows a maximum conductivity of 8.0 S/cm and can be used for making conductive gloves for operating touch-screen devices. Generally, it was found that acid-dyed leather samples treated by PEDOT:PSS with DMSO are more highly conductive than basic dyes and conductive polymers, which are applied on resining finishing. The study also found that experimented with conductive polymer leather processing has 38.4 kg/mm, 257.2% elongation, and 36.4 N tear strength, which are better than conventionally treated leather.

PEDOT:PSS hydrogels with high conductivity and biocompatibility for in situ cell sensing.

Conducting polymer hydrogels, especially poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) hydrogels, show great promise in soft bioelectronics due to their high conductivity and the ability of electrical coupling with tissues for sensing and stimulation. However, it is challenging to solve the problem of poor biocompatibility of PEDOT:PSS hydrogels due to the existing harsh preparation methods with the use of toxic and harmful reagents. Herein, we report the synthesis of PEDOT:PSS hydrogels with positively charged conductive polymers as a cross-linker and the application of PEDOT:PSS hydrogels as in situ electrochemical sensors for living cells. The conductivities of PEDOT:PSS hydrogels prepared using this method without any toxic or harmful reagents can reach up to 3265 S m-1. The facile synthesis approach with a simple mixture of PEDOT:PSS aqueous solution and the monomers of conductive polymers at room temperature also enables the printability of PEDOT:PSS hydrogels to fabricate patterned electrodes. Moreover, all the proposed PEDOT:PSS hydrogels demonstrated good biocompatibility. The in situ electrochemical detection of dopamine secreted from PC12 cells cultured within PEDOT:PSS hydrogels suggests that our PEDOT:PSS hydrogels with high conductivity and biocompatibility offer great potential for the integration of biosensors within 3D cell culture.

A Review on Application of Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) in Rechargeable Batteries

Since the very first patent on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) that was filed in 1988, this polymer has been widely utilized and has achieved great success owing to its high electrical conductivity and excellent stability. The application of the conducting polymer, PEDOT, in renewable energy devices, especially rechargeable batteries, is attracting increasing attention due to its potential to solve the energy and climate crisis. In this review, we summarize the research over the past few decades directed toward the application of PEDOT in rechargeable batteries aimed at improving their electrochemical performance. We focus on PEDOT synthesized via oxidative chemical vapor deposition (oCVD), a relatively new process known for its ability to grow conducting polymer thin films with uniform, pinhole-free properties, and controllable thickness and conformality. For a comparison purpose, PEDOT synthesized via solution-based methods is also briefly summarized. Finally, future research directions for applying oCVD PEDOT in rechargeable batteries are discussed.IntroductionPEDOT Synthesis MethodsApplication of oCVD PEDOT in Rechargeable BatteriesApplications of Solution-Based PEDOT in Rechargeable BatteriesConclusions and Outlook

Synthesis and characterization of organic poly (3, 4-ethylene dioxythiophene)-polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT: PSS) and study of its electrical properties

Conductive polymers (CPs), including poly (3, 4-ethylene ioxythiophene) (PEDOT): poly (styrene sulphonate) (PSS) in particular, have recently attracted a significant amount of interest from researchers for usage in bioelectronics applications. The in-situ polymerization technique was utilized to prepare the pure PEDOT: PSS that could be manufactured. In order to analyze the chemical structure and optical characteristics of the newly synthesized materials, several spectroscopic techniques such as X-ray diffractometry, UV-Vis spectrophotometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy was utilized. In addition, scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were utilized to investigate the material's morphological characteristics. The article has studied the sample's electrical properties and other characteristics, and the applications of PEDOT: PSS in several areas have been discussed.

Application of PEDOT:PSS and Its Composites in Electrochemical and Electronic Chemosensors

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) is a highly important and attractive conducting polymer as well as commercially available in organic electronics, including electrochemical and electronic chemosensors, due to its unique features such as excellent solution-fabrication capability and miscibility, high and controllable conductivity, excellent chemical and electrochemical stability, good optical transparency and biocompatibility. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of the recent research progress of PEDOT:PSS and its composites, and the application in electrochemical and electronic sensors for detecting liquid-phase or gaseous chemical analytes, including inorganic or organic ions, pH, humidity, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), ammonia (NH3), CO, CO2, NO2, and organic solvent vapors like methanol, acetone, etc. We will discuss in detail the structural, architectural and morphological optimization of PEDOT:PSS and its composites with other additives, as well as the fabrication technology of diverse sensor systems in response to a wide range of analytes in varying environments. At the end of the review will be given a perspective summary covering both the key challenges and potential solutions in the future research of PEDOT:PSS-based chemosensors, especially those in a flexible or wearable format.

Stretchable and Healable Conductive Elastomer Based on PEDOT:PSS/Natural Rubber for Self-Powered Temperature and Strain Sensing.

Self-powered elastic Conductors based on thermoelectric materials with the ability to harvest energy from the living environment are considered as important for electronic devices under off-grid, maintenance-free, or unfeasible battery replacement circumstances. Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is perhaps the most well-known organic conductor. However, the application of PEDOT:PSS in flexible devices is limited by its brittleness and various unrecoverable properties under strain. Various polymer blends based on water-soluble polymers and PEDOT:PSS have been prepared. Nevertheless, they fail to illustrate good balance between electrical conductivity and mechanical performance due to various issues, including the phase morphology with PEDOT:PSS as the dispersed phase; thus, the formation of a conductive network between PEDOT:PSS is prohibited. In this study, PEDOT:PSS is incorporated into natural rubber (NR), with NR as the dispersed phase. For 10 wt % PEDOT:PSS-NR composite films doped with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), the conductivity was up to 87 S/cm and the elongation at break was maintained at 490%. More importantly, self-powered temperature- and tensile strain-sensing abilities were also realized. Furthermore, it is also demonstrated that most of the unrecoverable strain and conductivity under cyclic tensile strain could be healed by water and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) post-treatment. This work provides interesting insights for preparing healed and stretchable self-powered electronic sensors.

Performance enhancement of organic/Si solar cell using CNT embedded hole selective layer

In this work, we present a simple and solution-based synthesis approach to combine the virtues of PEDOT:PSS and carbon nanotube (CNT) by developing a composite film and their application as a hole selective layer (HSL) in organic-silicon hybrid heterojunction solar cell. The heterojunction solar cell with the optimised PEDOT: PSS-CNT HSL showed a notable open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 588.6 mV, short circuit current density (Jsc) of 25.3 mA/cm2 and fill factor (FF) of 60.79% yielding a photo-conversion efficiency (η) of 9.05%. The pristine PEDOT:PSS/Si device obtained an η of 6.2% with a Voc of 502 mV. The role of CNT in the charge transport mechanism and improving Voc was corroborated by employing various characterisation methods such as J-V, C-V, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The composite layer induced a strong inversion layer in silicon and enhanced the device performance. The application of PEDOT:PSS-CNT composite film is not limited to c-Si solar cells, but can also be used to fabricate flexible organic and perovskite solar cells.

PEDOT:PSS-Based Conductive Textiles and Their Applications.

The conductive polymer complex poly (3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) is the most explored conductive polymer for conductive textiles applications. Since PEDOT:PSS is readily available in water dispersion form, it is convenient for roll-to-roll processing which is compatible with the current textile processing applications. In this work, we have made a comprehensive review on the PEDOT:PSS-based conductive textiles, methods of application onto textiles and their applications. The conductivity of PEDOT:PSS can be enhanced by several orders of magnitude using processing agents. However, neat PEDOT:PSS lacks flexibility and strechability for wearable electronics applications. One way to improve the mechanical flexibility of conductive polymers is making a composite with commodity polymers such as polyurethane which have high flexibility and stretchability. The conductive polymer composites also increase attachment of the conductive polymer to the textile, thereby increasing durability to washing and mechanical actions. Pure PEDOT:PSS conductive fibers have been produced by solution spinning or electrospinning methods. Application of PEDOT:PSS can be carried out by polymerization of the monomer on the fabric, coating/dyeing and printing methods. PEDOT:PSS-based conductive textiles have been used for the development of sensors, actuators, antenna, interconnections, energy harvesting, and storage devices. In this review, the application methods of PEDOT:SS-based conductive polymers in/on to a textile substrate structure and their application thereof are discussed.

An overview on the synthesis and recent applications of conducting poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) in industry and biomedicine

In this review, we introduce a conducting polymer called poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), due to its interesting features such as satisfactory conductivity, good transparency, easy processability, low price, small redox potential and good electrochromic properties. We review the synthesis routes, conductivity enhancement methods and applications of PEDOT in industrial and biomedical fields. We also discuss the challenges to use PEDOT such as difficulty in deposition on the electrode surface and conductivity enhancement. PEDOT is the most promising derivative of polythiophene in the cases of physical and chemical stability, conductivity, biocompatibility and transparency. PEDOT is usually paired with polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) to enhance its molecular weight. PEDOT:PSS is an electronically conducting polymer, which is water-soluble causing easy processing.

Improved resistance stability of transparent conducting films prepared by PEDOT: PSS hybrid CNTs treated by a two-step method

Flexible transparent conducting films (TCFs) have attracted more and more attention for their wide range of potential applications. PEDOT: PSS, as a conductive polymer, have been widely used in TCFs for its potential to boost electricity and maintain higher transmittance. While, there are many problems to be solved urgently in the application of PEDOT: PSS in TCFs. Carbon nanotube (CNT) with excellent electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties is also important material for making TCFs. In this study, films formed by PEDOT: PSS hybrid CNTs are prepared by a simple spin coating process. The purpose of this combination is that CNTs are helps to maintain the overall conductance of the nanocomposite films or inhabit degradation of film performance once PEDOT: PSS degrades due to water absorption and aging, while maintaining high transmittance and low resistance. The ratio of PEDOT to PSS and the internal morphology of the PEDOT: PSS are changed by a two-step method of methanol and acid, which are beneficial to greatly reduce the sheet resistance, lower the roughness, and enhance the adhesion. Various test samples were characterized, and results show that TCFs prepared by PEDOT: PSS hybrid CNTs treated by a two-step method exhibit enhanced properties. The best performance of the film was found to be 65 Ω sq−1@92 T%. High transmittance, super strong adhesion, low roughness (2.82 nm), low sheet resistance and high resistance stability are all achieved at the same time, which is a great advantage to use the films as electrodes in various fields, such as OLEDs.

Applications of PEDOT in Bioelectronic Medicine

The widespread use of conducting polymers, especially poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) (PEDOT), within the space of bioelectronics has enabled improvements, both in terms of electrochemistry and functional versatility, of conventional metallic electrodes. This short review aims to provide an overview of how PEDOT coatings have contributed to functionalizing existing bioelectronics, the challenges which meet conducting polymer coatings from a regulatory and stability point of view and the possibilities to bring PEDOT-based coatings into large-scale clinical applications. Finally, their potential use for enabling new technologies for the field of bioelectronics as biodegradable, stretchable and slow-stimulation materials will be discussed.

Effective Approaches to Improve the Electrical Conductivity of PEDOT:PSS: A Review

The rapid development of novel organic technologies has led to significant applications of the organic electronic devices such as light‐emitting diodes, solar cells, and field‐effect transistors. There is a great need for conducting polymers with high conductivity and transparency to act as the charge transport layer or electrical interconnect in organic devices. Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonic acid) (PEDOT:PSS), well‐known as the most remarkable conducting polymer, has this role owing to its good film‐forming properties, high transparency, tunable conductivity, and excellent thermal stability. In this Review, various of interesting physical and chemical approaches that can effectively improve the electrical conductivity of PEDOT:PSS are summarized, focusing especially on the mechanism of the conductivity enhancement as well as applications of PEDOT:PSS films. Prospects for future research efforts are also provided. It is expected that PEDOT:PSS films with high conductivity and transparency could be the focus of future organic electronic materials breakthroughs.

Direct and Simple Electrochemical Determination of Morphine at PEDOT Modified Pt Electrode

AbstractA simple and rapid method for morphine detection is described based on PEDOT electrode in the presence of SDS. The electrochemistry of morphine is investigated by CV, LSV and SWV. The effect of common interferences on the current response of morphine namely AA and UA is studied. The electrode is applied to the selective determination of morphine in urine samples in the linear ranges 0.3–8 µmol L−1 and 10–60 µmol L−1, with low detection limits of 50 and 68 nmol L−1, respectively and recovery of 96.4 %. The application of PEDOT is realized in determination of morphine in tablets successfully.

Research progress on a novel conductive polymer–poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT)

In this paper the progress in study on a new organic conducting polymer–poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) is reviewed. Its ground-state structure, excellent advantages and morphology are presented. Then the modification ways such as its copolymers and composites are introduced in detail. Moreover, the applications of PEDOT are also summarized.