Application Of Neem Oil Research Articles

COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF NEEM OIL DERIVATIVES WITH IMIDACLOPRID AGAINST OKRA JASSID, AMRASCA BIGUTTULA (ISHIDA)

The present research study was conducted at the experimental field condition of Pakistan Agricultural Research Council, Southern Zone Agricultural Research Centre, University of Karachi, to compare the field performance of different neem oil derivatives doses with Imidacloprid, sprayed on okra crop against the jassid population. The experiments were carried out RCBD with the application of four treatments, including three different concentrations of neem oils at (2%, 1.5%, and 1%) with the comparison of Imidacloprid pesticide and control. Neem oil was selected as a natural pesticide against jassid population reduction on okra crop. All the treatments were sprayed twice and data were recorded before 24h of pre-treatment and post-treatment at 48h, 72h, and 144h, respectively. The overall maximum reduction % after the application of Imidacloprid against the jassid population was calculated (61.51%) in 1st spray and (58.25%) 2nd spray, followed by (43.01%), (39.75%) at 2%, consequent to (32.50%), (29.75%), at 1.5% and (25.55%), (24.52%) at 1%, respectively. The maximum efficacy in neem oil concentration was recorded at 2% followed by 1.5%, and 1% but all neem oil concentrations including Imidacloprid observed effective from the 1st day up to the 6th post-spray days. All neem oil concentrations after 24h, 48h, 72h, and 144h of post-spray found significantly different at (P< 0.05). The application of neem oil, 2% caused the phytotoxicity reduction in okra plants. Thus, it is recommended that the bio-pesticide should be applied at 1.5% neem oil concentration against the jassid pest population.

Enhancing Sesame Productivity and Profitability with Cluster Front Line Demonstrations in Andhra Pradesh's Nellore District, India

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is one of the most important oil crops grown in the Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh along with groundnut. Sesame productivity in the district is low and efforts have been made to increase productivity and area by using high-yielding varieties along with integrated crop management (ICM) practices. In the farmer's field, ICM practices like sowing of improved variety (YLM 66), seed treatment, providing sticky traps to monitor sucking pest vectors, application of neem oil at flowering, spraying of monocrotophos at capsule development stage are used. Insect control and carbendazim spray for leaf spot control have been demonstrated. The results showed that in 2021-22 and 2022-23, seed yield improved by 9.9 and 11.2 percent compared to farmers' practices. Economically, demonstration practices have been found to produce higher net profit per hectare over the years compared to farmer practices. In 2021-2022 and 2022-2023, the B:C ratio was 2.76 and 3.08. To increase oilseed production, farmers in Nellore should adopt economically viable techniques based on the technology rate percentage, which ranges from 21.0% to 27.0%.

Efficacy of botanicals and bio-pesticides against shoot and fruit borer in Brinjal

The present investigation was undertaken to find the efficacy of botanicals and biopesticides against brinjal shoot and fruit borer during kharif 2019-2020 at the Research farm, JNKVV, College of Agriculture, Tikamgarh (M.P.). The experiment consists nine treatments viz., Neem oil 1% (T1), Karanj oil 1% (T2), Beauveria bassiana 1× 1012 spores/ml (T3), Metarrhizium anisopliae 1× 1012 spores/ml (T4), Neem oil- Bb- Neem oil (T5), Neem oil – Ma –Neem oil (T6), Karanj oil –Bb –Karanj oil (T7), Karanj oil –Ma-Karanj oil (T8) and Untreated control (T9). The results revealed that Neem oil 1% proved to be most effective in controlling the population of brinjal shoot and fruit borer by recording minimum shoot and fruit infestation of 5.80 and 6.65% respectively followed by Neem oil-Ma-Neem oil. However, Karanj oil 1% proved to be least effective. The highest net profit and cost benefit ratio was observed from the plot treated with Neem oil 1% (Rs 46860/ha and 1:26.0) followed by Neem oil- Ma -eem oil (Rs 42770/ha and 1:25.3). The maximum fruit yield of 237.33 q/ha was recorded with the application of Neem oil 1% which was 25.79% higher than the control. Other treatments gave yield ranging from 217 – 233.33 q/ha.

Management of powdery mildew and aphid in organically grown Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) through different oils

All the cultivated Brassica species exhibited powdery mildew severity with highest (43.2%) on Brassica juncea followed by B. rapa (28.0%) which is widely cultivated in India. Yield losses from 10-90 per cent with reduction in 6.47 per cent oil content have been estimated from different Brassica species. Hence, the present study was carried out to evaluate different oils to manage powdery mildew disease and aphids in an organically grown mustard crop. Five oils (castor, groundnut, sunflower, neem and mustard oil) and ghee were evaluated against powdery mildew (Erysiphae cruciferarum) and aphid (Lipaphis erysimi) of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea). Castor oil 50 EC, neem oil 50 EC and mustard oil 50 EC and deshi ghee 50 EC (@ 100 ml/10 litre water) were effective over untreated control in reducing powdery mildew disease severity when applied as foliar spray (@ 5 ml/litre) in the experiment carried out in organic field (plot No. B-2 at Agronomy Instruction Farm, S. D. Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar). Maximum reduction in germinated conidia (66.0%) over control, disease severity (50.0%), area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) values (51.8%) and maximum increase over control in 1000 seed weight (16.7%) and seed yield (10.3%) was observed with neem oil. This was followed by the application of ghee which exhibited reduced disease severity (22.9%) and AUDPC values (30.6%) and increased seed yield (8.1%) and the application of castor oil 50 EC which exhibited an increased in seed yield (8.0%) and reduced powdery mildew severity (20.8%). Shortest log phase was observed with neem oil during 10th std. week. All the oils tested (castor, groundnut, sunflower, neem and mustard oil) and deshi ghee were effective in reducing aphid population (39.5 to 65.9%) and damage index (6.1 to 25.1%). A maximum reduction in aphid population (65.9%) over control and lowest aphid damage index (3.70) was observed with neem oil 50 EC 6 days after 2nd spray. Application of neem oil, castor oil and deshi ghee resulted in increased seed yield (8.1 to 10.4%). This information could be useful in devising strategies for powdery mildew and aphid management in organic cultivation, eco-friendly management and IPM of mustard.

English

The weed Ipomoea purpurea L. (Convolvulaceae), known generically as morning glory, is an important invasive plant introduced in Brazil, which not only causes significant losses in annual crops, but also makes harvesting difficult and already presents herbicide-tolerant biotypes in the country. In this context, alternative and sustainable ways of managing this plant are sought. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of neem oil on morning glory seeds and seedlings. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, with six treatments composed of different oil dilutions, applied before and after germination, in addition to the control. Based on the experiment, it was observed that neem oil delayed seed germination by up to 1.4 days, although without significance. On the other hand, seedling fresh weight was severely affected by application after sowing, leading to a symptom of leaf blight. Morning glory seedling survival followed the same pattern, where there was a significant reduction by the application of neem oil only after sowing. It was concluded that neem oil has a phytotoxic effect on I. purpurea seedlings, reducing their survival and fresh weight when applied after germination, as well as influencing (delaying) seed emergence when applied to the soil. The study of the effect of lower concentrations, close to economically viable and practiced in the field, should be carried out in the future. © 2022 Friends Science Publishers

Effectiveness of Neem Oil Upon Pediculosis

Background: It is widely accepted that the school environment favors in the spread of the infestation simply be- cause it affords opportunity for continual close contact of children. So the investigator motivated to try out neem oil application and to see its effect in children with pediculosis. Neem oil is available locally, is of low cost and effective for treating head lice. Objective: To test whether the neem oil is effective in the treatment of pediculosis among school children. Methods: An experimental research approach with true experimental design was used. The present study was conducted in the Don Bosco Beatitudes Orphanage, Vyasarpady, for control group and Dazzling Stone Orphanage for experimental group, Kundrathur. The sample size was 60 and was selected through simple random sampling method, 30 were assigned to control group and 30 were assigned to experimental group. The investigator used a demographic variable proforma, degree of pediculosis, observational checklist on signs and symptoms of pediculosis, and interview schedule on knowledge regarding prevention of pediculosis and a rating scale on the level of satisfaction on application of neem oil. Results In control group, there was no significant difference in the degree of pediculosis before neem oil application (M=2.70, SD=0.450) and after neem oil application (M=2.73, SD=0.450). In contrast, in the experimental group, degree of pediculosis was decreased (M=0.70, SD=0.466) when compared to the degree of pediculosis before neem oil application (M=2.73, SD=0.450). The difference was found to be statistically significant at p< 0.001 degree of pediculosis and it can be attributed to the effectiveness of neem oil application. Most of the children (73.3%) were highly satisfied and only a significant percentage of children (26.7%) were satisfied with the neem oil application in the experimental group. Conclusion: It is possible to reduce pediculosis by the application of neem oil among school children.

Insecticidal effects of deltamethrin in laboratory and field populations of Culicoides species: how effective are host-contact reduction methods in India?

BackgroundBluetongue virus (BTV) is transmitted by Culicoides biting midges and causes bluetongue (BT), a clinical disease observed primarily in sheep. BT has a detrimental effect on subsistence farmers in India, where hyperendemic outbreaks impact on smallholdings in the southern states of the country. In this study, we establish a reliable method for testing the toxic effects of deltamethrin on Culicoides and then compare deltamethrin with traditional control methods used by farmers in India.ResultsEffects of deltamethrin were initially tested using a colonised strain of Culicoides nubeculosus Meigen and a modified World Health Organisation exposure assay. This method was then applied to field populations of Culicoides spp. in India. The field population of C. oxystoma in India had a greater LC50 (0.012 ± 0.009%) for deltamethrin than laboratory-reared C.nubeculosus (0.0013 ± 0.0002%). Exposure of C. nubeculosus to deltamethrin at higher ambient temperatures resulted in greater rates of knockdown but a lower mortality rate at 24 h post-exposure. Behavioural assays with C. nubeculosus in WHO tubes provided evidence for contact irritancy and spatial repellence caused by deltamethrin. The field experiments in India, however, provided no evidence for repellent or toxic effects of deltamethrin. Traditional methods such as the application of neem oil and burning of neem leaves also provided no protection.ConclusionsOur study demonstrates that field-collected Culicoides in India are less susceptible to deltamethrin exposure than laboratory-bred C. nubeculosus and traditional methods of insect control do not provide protection to sheep. These low levels of susceptibility to deltamethrin have not been recorded before in field populations of Culicoides and suggest resistance to synthetic pyrethrioids. Alternative insect control methods, in addition to vaccination, may be needed to protect Indian livestock from BTV transmission.

Effect of Green Manure, Sesbania bispinosa Wight Amendment on Incidence of Sucking Insect Pests, their Predators and Yield in Organic Cotton

Cotton holds the key importance in the economy of Pakistan, but its yield is severely affected due to the infestation of many insect pests. Farmers mostly rely on chemicals to control pests but their adverse effects on human health and their interests are also considerable. Therefore, this study was conducted over two years to evaluate the influence of amendment of soil with green manure (GM) Dhancha, Sesbania bispinosaWight on the population of cotton sucking insect pests and their predators. Significant impact of GM was found in lowering the population of sucking pests of cotton i.e., Thrips tabaci(Lind), Bemisia tabaci (Gennadus), Amrasca bigutulla bigutulla (Ishida) and Tetranychus urticae (Koch) during both years. Population of predators i.e., Chrysoperla carnea, Geocoris punctipesand Orius sp. was also higher in dhancha treated plots in comparison to control. Application of neem oil was found effective in lowering the population of sucking insect pests during 2014; whereas, application of C. carnea cards showed significant impact after the mid cotton season during 2015. Overall growth and yield parameters were better in dhancha amended organic cotton treatment in comparison to control.

Impact of certain biopesticides to manage leaf curl disease and its vectors in chilli

A supervised field experiment was conducted in the chilli during Rabi, 2014-15 to study the impact of certain biopesticides in leaf curl disease and its vectors viz., thrips and mites. The treatments were application of Nanma @ 1 per cent (T 1 ), application of neem oil 0.15EC @ 0.3 per cent (T 2 ), application of Sonata @ 0.1 per cent (T 3 ), alternate spray of T 1 , T 2 and T 3 (T 4 ) and untreated check (T 5 ). It was found that thrips and mites population was higher in untreated check (0.80 and 1.39, respectively) while a low population was recorded in the treatment with the alternate spray of T 1 , T 2 and T 3 (0.10 and 0.16, respectively). Similarly lowest leaf curl index was recorded in alternate spray of T 1 , T 2 and T 3 (T 4 ) (0.20) followed by application of neem oil 0.15EC @ 0.3 per cent (T 2 ) (0.21). It can be concluded that alternate spray of nanma @ 1 per cent, neem oil 0.15 EC @ 0.3 per cent, sonata @ 0.1 per cent can reduce leaf curl disease incidence in chilli.

LATE-SEASON CATERPILLAR CONTROL IN TOMATOES USING BIOINSECTICIDE PREMIXES AND TANK-MIXES, 2013

The basic objective of this experiment was to evaluate organic-approved bioinsecticides against the caterpillar complex in Alabama. The overall goal was to determine the effectiveness of multiple applications of bioinsecticides specifically for fruit protection in tomatoes. Typical caterpillar pests of tomatoes in Alabama consist of THW, TFW, and BAW. In 2013, experiments were conducted at the Chilton Research and Extension Center (Clanton, AL) and the North Alabama Horticulture Research Center (Cullman, AL) to evaluate bioinsecticidal treatments as tank-mixes or as premixes (Table 1). At both locations, tomatoes were transplanted mid-Jun in 20 ft (6 m long) plots and bioinsecticide treatments were initiated at weekly intervals during August as shown in Table 1 to protect the developing fruits. Each test plot consisted of two tomato rows (20 plants per plot). Bioinsecticidal treatments and an untreated check were replicated four times in a RCB design. All foliar treatments were applied using standard CO2 backpack sprayers. Drench application of neem oil was done by pouring appropriate amount of dissolved formulation at the base of plants. Fruit damage assessment, involving counting of feeding holes on 10 random fruits per plot, was completed at 7DAT2 and 7DAT4. Data shown in table indicates the percent damaged or unmarketable fruit (at least one feeding hole). Data were analyzed using ANOVA and LSD procedures (LSD; P=0.05).

Efficacy and insecticidal properties of some essential oils against Caryedon serratus (Oliver)-a storage pest of groundnut.

During storage groundnut is attacked by number of stored grain pest and management of these insect pests particularly bruchid beetle, Caryedon serratus (Oliver) is of prime importance as they directly damage the pod and kernels. Hence, some essential oils were tested for their insecticidal and fungicidal properties. Highest total bruchid mortality was recorded with the application of neem oil and pongamia oil at 10% (v/w) concentration and lowest in eucalyptus oil at 5% (v/w). Number of eggs laid was recorded 2.3 in neem oil 10% (v/w) which was lowest and significantly superior over untreated control and was at par with castor oil 10% (v/w) which recorded 2.5 eggs per 100 g of groundnut pods. There was no adult emergence in the groundnut pods treated with castor oil, eucalyptus oil, neem oil and pongamia oil at 10% (v/w) concentration. Groundnut pods treated with castor oil, eucalyptus oil, neem oil and pongamia oil at 10% (v/w) and neem oil at 5% (v/w) concentrations recorded no damage to pods and kernels and also zero per cent weight loss. These oils effectively influenced groundnut bruchid establishment and reduce damage besides reduction in aflatoxin contamination.

OA01.24. A study of effect of neem oil on clinical signs of canine atopy

Purpose: Due to growing nuclear nature of urban families, pets like dogs are becoming popular companions. A skin disorder is common in dogs and is a concern for human coming in contact. Natural remedies need to be assessed for long term safety of dogs and humans. There is evidence that in dogs, Neem oil can help with fleas, ticks, intestinal parasites and mange mites. According to Ayurvedic medicine. Neem oil improves the clinical signs of skin disorders. To study its action in canines, further work was required on the efficacy of Neem oil in the treatment of canine atopy. Method: Effect of a preparation of Neem oil on canine atopy was assessed in a open, placebo-controlled trial. Privately owned dogs were used and the clinical signs of atopic dermatitis were evaluated by the owners. For a period of 3 weeks, the dogs daily received application with Neem oil (n = 9) or vehicle (n = 8). During the trial, all dogs were cleaned with the use of regular bathing shampoo in order to maintain hygiene. To assess the severity of atopic dermatitis, the clinical signs scored were itching, redness, scaling, thickening and stripping of skin. The severity of the signs of atopic dermatitis was scored by the owners by marking with a cross a 10-cm, horizontal line. Result: For all five clinical signs, the group-mean improvement, expressed as change of severity score over time, was greater in the test group than in the controls. Within each group, the changes for the five clinical signs were added up to arrive at an overall index of improvement of atopic dermatitis. The extra improvement caused by the application of Neem oil was significant. Conclusion: Neem oil can be considered as effective and is beneficial for dogs with atopic dermatitis.

INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF PAPAYA RING SPOT VIRUS (PRSV) IN AGRO ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF BIHAR

Over the last decade Papaya ring spot virus (PRSV) has been identified as a major threat of papaya production resulting in heavy reduction in area under this crop. In an attempt to combat the disease, a field trial was conducted to manage PRSV through integrated approach. Seven treatments viz. 1. Raising of papaya seedlings under Nylon net (40-60 mesh) and spraying of Dimethoate (1.05%) 3 days before planting; 2. Use of two rows of maize as a border crop (Maize sown 15 days ahead of planting); 3. Application of neem seed kernel extract (2%) at 15 days interval (30 days after planting); 4. Application of Dimethoate (1.05%); 5. Application of neem oil 1% + Dimethoate (1.05%); 6. Two rows of maize as a border crop + application of Zn (0.5%) and B (0.1%); and 7. Control without any treatment was evaluated in randomised block design (RBD) with 12 plants/treatment with spacing of 1.8×1.8 m/plant during 2005-2006 and 2006-07. All the treatments were replicated thrice. Observation on PRSV incidence was recorded starting from 60 to 210 days after planting (DAP) at monthly interval. Initially at 60 to 150 DAP there were significant differences among various treatments in relation to their effect on the incidence of PRSV. The most effective treatment was application of neem oil 1 % + Dimethoate 1.05% with least disease incidence (6.66%) and 41.66% respectively at 60 and 150 DAP. This was followed by application of Dimethoate 1.05% with 16.33 and 56.66% PRSV incidence while the untreated (control) plants registered 68.33 and 90% incidence respectively at 60 and 150 DAP. But after 210 days all the treatments were at par in relation to their effect on disease. However the treatment comprising of neem oil 1 % + Dimethoate 1.05% showed the minimum disease incidence (76.66%) as compared to the control showing 100% incidence at 210 DAP. Growth and yield characters of papaya i.e. plant height at first flowering, plant height at first harvest, stem girth at harvest and number of fruits were significantly affected by the treatments while mean fruit weight was not affected markedly. Likewise some quality parameters of fruits i.e. TSS and central cavity diameter did not show notable difference due to the treatments although other quality parameters like average fruit weight, fruit length, fruit diameter and hundred seeds weight were appreciably affected by the treatments.

Nim (Azadirachta indica): uma alternativa no controle de moscas na pecuária

As moscas Lucilia cuprina, Chrysomya megacephala, Cochliomyia hominivorax e Musca domestica, estão entre as mais importantes pragas da pecuária causando miíases e como portadoras de microrganismos patogênicos. O propósito deste estudo foi testar a eficácia de várias concentrações do óleo de nim sobre pupas das moscas mencionadas em condições de laboratório e de campo. A redução da emergência das moscas das pupas tratadas com 0,6 por cento de óleo de nim foi de 95,6 por cento em condições de laboratório e 94,5 por cento quando aplicado ao solo onde descansam os animais durante a noite. A aplicação do óleo de nim a 0,6% no solo é uma alternativa viável para controle das pupas de L. cuprina, C. megacephala, C. hominivorax e M. domestica.

INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF TOMATO FRUIT BORER WITH INSECTICIDES, NEEM PRODUCTS AND VIRUS

Field trials were conducted to assess the efficacy of insecticides, neem products and Helicoverpa nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) as an individual component and integrated components in controlling fruit borer. Helicoverpa armigera in tomato. Application of NSKE 3% + endosulfan 0.035%+ NPV @250 LE/ha thrice at 45, 55 and 65 days after planting was found to be superior in causing higher larval mortality and reducing the fruit damage with higher fruit yield followed by application of neem oil 3% + endosulfan 0.035% + NPV @250LE/ha and endosulfan 0.07%. When the cost benefit ratio was considered, endosulfan 0.07% stood first followed by NSKE. 3%+ NPV @250 LE/ha and NSKE 3% + endosulfan 0.035% + NPV @250 LEЛha: Thus the integrated approach may also be adopted in place of insecticides for the better control of H. armigera and higher return in tomato.

BIOPOTENTIALS OF AZADIRACHTA INDICA AND CEDRUS DEODARA OILS ON CALLOSOBRUCHUS CHINENSIS

AbstractOils obtained from neem (Azadirachta indica) seed kernel, the Himalayan cedar wood (Cedrus deodara) and their combination (1:1) each at 3, 2 and 1% concentrations were tested against adults of pulse beetle (Callosobruchus chinensis L.). Cedar wood oil exhibited highest fumigant potential at 3, 2 and 1% concentrations showing corrected inhibition (knock-down) of 100, 100 and 96%, respectively. While neem oil + cedar wood oil (1:1) at 3, 2 and 1% concentrations inhibited 96, 84 and 51.66%. The least corrected % knock-down of 62, 45 and 32 were observed by application of neem oil at 3, 2 and 1%, respectively, by Potters spray tower in 24 h of treatment. However, corrected percent mortality of the same study reveals highest mortality in the cedar wood oil rather than neem and their combinations. Topical application by Arnold hand microapplicator at the rate of 0.5 μl per insect at 3, 2 and 1% concentrations of both the oils and their combinations showed negligible mortality after 24 and 48 h of treatm...