Application Of Nanotechnology Research Articles

Current Application of Nanotechnology to Enhance Cutaneous Permeation of Vitamin C and Derivatives

Background:: Vitamin C (VitC), or L-ascorbic acid in topical formulations acts as an antioxidant, depigmentant, stimulator of stratum corneum renewal and collagen synthesis. VitC is a thermolabile, water-soluble compound, oxidizes when its solution is exposed to air, metals and high pH. Derivative compounds were created to circumvent the instability, poor penetration capacity in the stratum corneum. Furthermore, new drug delivery systems using nanotechnology began to be studied, providing protection against degradation and penetration through the skin. Objective:: The current paper aimed at carrying out a systematic review between 2006 and 2023, seeking innovative topical formulations containing VitC and its derivatives, where the problem of low permeation and instability was circumvented. Methods:: The search for articles was performed in the Science Direct, Springer and PubMed databases. The largest amount of information was gathered on innovative formulations for topical use for the delivery of VitC and its derivatives, physicochemical characterization data, in vitro and in vivo studies. Results:: The search in the databases resulted in a total of 3032 articles, of which 16 studies were selected for the integrative review, as they proved the possibility of carrying the active ingredient in nanosystems, allowing increased stability, better permeation properties and in vitro cutaneous release, enabling the therapeutic function of the active ingredient through the application of formulations to the skin. In vivo studies also proved the clinical efficacy of the compound in liposomes, ethosomes and niosomes. Conclusion:: The most described nanocarriers were nanoparticles and liposomes, and one study involved niosomes and ethosomes. Therefore, even though it is not a newly discovered molecule, VitC continues to be studied in topical formulations ensuring stability, permeation, and effectiveness.

Application of Carbon-based Nano Adsorbents in the Extraction of Amphetamines from Urine Samples.

Amphetamines, as psychoactive drugs, are extensively abused in society and cause serious mental and physical disorders among young people. Furthermore, the extremely euphoric and excited sense of stimulant consumption leads to dramatic social problems. Determination of various analytes and related metabolites in the complex biological matrices at trace levels has made sample preparation an indispensable part of forensic sciences. According to the problems above, providing high sensitivity, solving some analytical problems like matrix effects in LCMS-MS, and needing a cleaner extract are remarkable aspects of novel sample preparation methods in drug analysis. Application of nanotechnology and carbon-based nanocomposites seems to bring the above properties in developed and novel sample preparation methods. This review will try to provide an overview of different carbonic nano adsorbents used in sample preparation methods of amphetamines and discuss their superiority over the other nanomaterials.

Nanotechnology in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Antibiotic-Resistant Infections.

The development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), along with the relative reduction in the production of new antimicrobials, significantly limits the therapeutic options in infectious diseases. Thus, novel treatments, especially in the current era, where AMR is increasing, are urgently needed. There are several ongoing studies on non-classical therapies for infectious diseases, such as bacteriophages, antimicrobial peptides, and nanotechnology, among others. Nanomaterials involve materials on the nanoscale that could be used in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of infectious diseases. This review provides an overview of the applications of nanotechnology in the diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases from a clinician's perspective, with a focus on pathogens with AMR. Applications of nanomaterials in diagnosis, by taking advantage of their electrochemical, optic, magnetic, and fluorescent properties, are described. Moreover, the potential of metallic or organic nanoparticles (NPs) in the treatment of infections is also addressed. Finally, the potential use of NPs in the development of safe and efficient vaccines is also reviewed. Further studies are needed to prove the safety and efficacy of NPs that would facilitate their approval by regulatory authorities for clinical use.

The use of nanoparticles in the treatment of infectious diseases and cancer, dental applications and tissue regeneration: a review.

The emergence of nanotechnology as a field of study can be traced back to the 1980s, at which point the means to artificially produce, control, and observe matter on a nanometer level was made viable. Recent advancements in technology have enabled us to extend our reach to the nanoscale, which has presented an unparalleled opportunity to directly target biomolecular interactions. As a result of these developments, there is a drive to arise intelligent nanostructures capable of overcoming the obstacles that have impeded the progress of conventional pharmacological methodologies. After four decades, the gradual amalgamation of bio- and nanotechnologies is initiating a revolution in the realm of disease detection, treatment, and monitoring, as well as unsolved medical predicaments. Although a significant portion of research in the field is still confined to laboratories, the initial application of nanotechnology as treatments, vaccines, pharmaceuticals, and diagnostic equipment has now obtained endorsement for commercialization and clinical practice. The current issue presents an overview of the latest progress in nanomedical strategies towards alleviating antibiotic resistance, diagnosing and treating cancer, addressing neurodegenerative disorders, and an array of applications, encompassing dentistry and tuberculosis treatment. The current investigation also scrutinizes the deployment of sophisticated smart nanostructured materials in fields of application such as regenerative medicine, as well as the management of targeted and sustained release of pharmaceuticals and therapeutic interventions. The aforementioned concept exhibits the potential for revolutionary advancements within the field of immunotherapy, as it introduces the utilization of implanted vaccine technology to consistently regulate and augment immune functions. Concurrently with the endeavor to attain the advantages of nanomedical intervention, it is essential to enhance the unceasing emphasis on nanotoxicological research and the regulation of nanomedications' safety. This initiative is crucial in achieving the advancement in medicine that currently lies within our reach.

Domain Archaea – system overview, metabolism, biotechnological potential

An overview of Archaea, the most ancient domain of life, was carried out. The phylogenetic relationship of Archaea with bacteria and eukaryotes are considered, and the morpho-physiological characteristics of their main groups are given. The biotechnological potential of Archaea is discussed. Cost-effective products of Archaeal biosynthesis are bacterioruberin, squalene, bacteriorhodopsin and diester/tetraether lipids. The production of other metabolic products of Archaea, such as carotenoids, hydrogen, polyhydroxyalkanoates and methane, are in advanced stages of development. While the biological production of methane and hydrogen currently lags behind the profitability of petrochemical plants, research aimed at enhancing the efficiency of this process with the involvement of Archaea holds strategic significance. Archaea also represent a promising target for application in nanotechnology and bioengineering. The aim of the present review is to unveil the biotechnological potential of Archaea, provide an overview of the main groups within this domain, their morphophysiological characteristics, present a generalized metabolite profile of these groups, and outline the spectrum of productions involving these intriguing microorganisms.

Application of nanotechnology in hydrogen production from biomass: A critical review

Application of nanotechnology in hydrogen production from biomass: A critical review

Synthesis, Photophysical Properties and Self-Assembly of a Tetraphenylethylene-Naphthalene Diimide Donor-Acceptor Molecule.

The development of new π-conjugated molecular structures with controlled self-assembly and distinct photophysical properties is crucial for advancing applications in optoelectronics and biomaterials. This study introduces the synthesis and detailed self-assembly analysis of tetraphenylethylene (TPE) functionalized naphthalene diimide (NDI), a novel donor-acceptor molecular structure referred to as TPE-NDI. The investigation specifically focuses on elucidating the self-assembly behavior of TPE-NDI in mixed solvents of varying polarities, namely chloroform: methylcyclohexane (CHCl3 : MCH) and chloroform: methanol (CHCl3 : MeOH). Employing a several analytical methodologies, including UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence emission spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and dynamic light scattering (DLS), these self-assembled systems have been comprehensively examined. The results reveal that TPE-NDI manifests as distinct particles in CHCl3 : MCH (fMCH =90 %), while transitioning to flower-like assemblies in CHCl3 : MeOH (fMeOH =90 %). This finding underscores the critical role of solvent polarity in dictating the morphological characteristics of TPE-NDI self-assembled aggregates. Furthermore, the study proposes a molecular packing mechanism, based on SEM data, offering significant insights into the design and development of functional supramolecular systems. Such advancements in understanding the molecular self-assembly new π-conjugated molecular structures are anticipated to pave the way for novel applications in material science and nanotechnology.

Chemical Vapor Deposition of a Single-Crystalline MoS2 Monolayer through Anisotropic 2D Crystal Growth on Stepped Sapphire Surface.

Recently, a step-flow growth mode has been proposed to break the inherent molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) crystal domain bimodality and yield a single-crystalline MoS2 monolayer on commonly employed sapphire substrates. This work reveals an alternative growth mechanism during the metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) of a single-crystalline MoS2 monolayer through anisotropic 2D crystal growth. During early growth stages, the epitaxial symmetry and commensurability of sapphire terraces rather than the sapphire step inclination ultimately govern the MoS2 crystal orientation. Strikingly, as the MoS2 crystals continue to grow laterally, the sapphire steps transform the MoS2 crystal geometry into diamond-shaped domains presumably by anisotropic diffusion of ad-species and facet development. Even though these MoS2 domains nucleate on sapphire with predominantly bimodal 0 and 60° azimuthal rotation, the individual domains reach lateral dimensions of up to 200 nm before merging seamlessly into a single-crystalline MoS2 monolayer upon coalescence. Plan-view transmission electron microscopy reveals the single-crystalline nature across 50 μm by 50 μm inspection areas. As a result, the median carrier mobility of MoS2 monolayers peaks at 25 cm2 V-1 s-1 with the highest value reaching 28 cm2 V-1 s-1. This work details synthesis-structure correlations and the possibilities to tune the structure and material properties through substrate topography toward various applications in nanoelectronics, catalysis, and nanotechnology. Moreover, shape modulation through anisotropic growth phenomena on stepped surfaces can provide opportunities for nanopatterning for a wide range of materials.

Large Area Growth of Silver and Gold Telluride Ultrathin Films via Chemical Vapor Tellurization

Developing a method for the growth of ultrathin metal chalcogenides, potentially targeting the two-dimensional (2D) limit, has a pivotal impact on various nanotechnological device applications. Here, we employed a vapor deposition scheme, based on tellurization, to induce the heterogenous chemical reaction between solid Ag and Au precursors, in the form of ultrathin films, and Te vapors. We characterized the morphological and structural properties of the grown tellurides by using atomic force microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques. The developed tellurization methodology provides a key advancement in the picture of growing ultrathin noble metal tellurides and holds great potential for applications in different technological fields.

The Applications of Nanotechnology in Renewable Energy

Purpose: The main objective of this study was to explore the applications of nanotechnology in renewable energy.
 Methodology: The study adopted a desktop research methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library.
 Findings: The findings revealed that there exists a contextual and methodological gap relating to the applications of nanotechnology in renewable energy. Preliminary empirical review revealed that the transformative potential of nanotechnology in revolutionizing renewable energy production, storage, and utilization. Through interdisciplinary collaboration and innovation, nanotechnology offers solutions to enhance the efficiency of photovoltaic cells, improve the performance of batteries and supercapacitors, and facilitate cleaner energy production with nanocatalysts. These findings underscore the need for continued research and development, paving the way for a more sustainable and environmentally friendly future in the renewable energy sector.
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The Diffusion of Innovations Theory, Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Resource-Based View (RBV) Theory may be used to anchor future studies on nanotechnology and renewable energy. The study offered several key recommendations. Firstly, it emphasizes the importance of fostering collaborative research initiatives among academia, industry, and government agencies to accelerate the development and adoption of nanotechnology in renewable energy. Secondly, the study suggests investing in nanotechnology education and training programs to bridge the skills gap and equip the workforce with the necessary expertise. Lastly, it underscores the need for clear and comprehensive policy frameworks to regulate nanotechnology in the renewable energy sector, addressing safety, environmental, and ethical concerns while incentivizing compliance. These recommendations collectively aim to promote the responsible and efficient integration of nanotechnology in renewable energy, contributing to a sustainable and innovative energy landscape.

Rabies-related brain disorders: transmission dynamics and epidemic management via educational campaigns and application of nanotechnology

Rabies-related brain disorders: transmission dynamics and epidemic management via educational campaigns and application of nanotechnology

Application of nanotechnology in clinical dentistry type of manuscript: Review article

Over the years, dentistry has undergone multiple phases of revolution, increasing its reliability and patients' comfort. One of these, "NANOTECHNOLOGY," has the potential to fundamentally alter how management and diagnostics are performed. A preliminary vision by Feynma led to the conception of nanotechnology in 1959. Since the dimensions of nanotechnology have been understood, it has been suggested that nanotechnology is the sector with a great potential for development considering its implications in the different fields of medical and dental sciences.Several nanotechnology advancements have been applied in the field of oral health over the past 10 years, however many of these applications are still in their early years. Just a few of the several dental applications of nanotechnology include dentition renaturalization, treatment for dentin hypersensitivity, full-visit orthodontic realignment, covalent bonding of diamondized enamel, enhanced root canal sealant properties, and currently ongoing oral health maintenance using mechanical dentifrobots.Numerous artificial nanoparticles, such as hydroxyapatite, bio glass, titanium, zirconia, and silver nanoparticles, are recommended for dental restoration. If executed correctly, the discipline of nanotechnology has the potential to significantly benefit human society by enhancing health, better utilizing natural resources, and reducing environmental pollution. Every procedure in dentistry in the future will be performed with instruments and technologies based on nanotechnology.

The role and prospects of nanotechnology in green energy technologies

In the current article, research has been conducted on the application directions of nanotechnology in various sectors of green energy technologies, and analyses have been made based on them. These analyses include studies of the application of nanotechnology in the fields of solar, wind, hydrogen, and geothermal energy. The shortcomings that appear in the process of transition to the mentioned green energy sectors were discussed. Also, the role of nanotechnology in increasing the efficiency of application in these fields was emphasized. On the basis of these analyses, common coordination between energy sectors was made and the relevance of using nanomaterials in eliminating the negative aspects affecting the decrease in efficiency in each of them was noted. Finally, the “small concentration and excitation” theory, which opened a new path in the oil and gas industry, and the scientific rationale for increasing the efficiency of the wells developed with this theory were touched upon.

The multifaceted potential of fenugreek seeds: From health benefits to food and nanotechnology applications.

The present lifestyle, dietary patterns, psychological pressure, environmental factors, and the widespread exploitation of processed substances in food production and farming have collectively contributed to a substantial expediting in the development of various health problems. Globally, researchers have been seeking natural pharmaceutical substances with the potential to be employed in treating lifestyle-related diseases or delaying their onset. Fenugreek seeds have gained significant attention in various fields, including health, nutrition, and cutting-edge nanotechnology applications, due to their versatile qualities. The current investigation offers a comprehensive discussion of the nutritional composition and therapeutic potential of fenugreek seeds, with an emphasis on their plentiful reservoir of bioactive compounds. This seed demonstrates promising medicinal potential in addressing a wide range of health issues. Significantly, these findings indicate noteworthy properties, such as antidiabetic, antioxidant, anti-obesity, hypocholesterolemic, anticancer, and cardioprotective effects. Moreover, the components of fenugreek seeds are important in the development of a multitude of foods, which is the reason why they are used extensively in the area of food research. In addition to their nutritional value, their exploration of nanotechnology reveals a promising domain, utilizing the distinctive characteristics of seeds for many purposes, such as nanoparticle synthesis and oil for edible films and nanoemulsions. This review article focuses on a comprehensive analysis of fenugreek seeds, examining their wide-ranging applications in the fields of health, nutrition, food, and nanotechnology.

Smart Synergy: Harnessing Machine Learning for Advanced Nanotechnology in Healthcare

Nanotechnology has emerged as a transformative field with immense potential for revolutionizing healthcare by enabling precise diagnostics, targeted drug delivery, and innovative therapeutic approaches. The integration of machine learning (ML) with nanotechnology holds promise in overcoming existing challenges and unlocking new frontiers in personalized medicine and disease management. This paper explores the synergies between machine learning and nextgeneration nanotechnology applications in healthcare. Medical applications of nanotechnology are maturing, but automated composite design faces unique challenges. To realize the full potential of nano-delivery systems and accelerate the development process, new ideas require the use of learning models, although machine learning has made it possible to influence this in the scientific literature.

Thermodynamically stable plumber's nightmare structures in block copolymers.

Block copolymer self-assembly affords diverse nanostructures, spanning from spheres and cylinders to networks, offering meticulous control over properties and functionalities at the nanoscale. However, creating thermodynamically stable network structures with high packing frustration remains a challenge. In this study, we report a methodology to access diverse network structures such as gyroid, diamond, and primitive phases from diblock copolymers using end group and linker chemistry. The stability of the medial packing of polymer chain ends (plumber's nightmare structure) over skeletal aggregation (gyroid) is attributed to the interplay between the strength of the end-end interactions and the initial shape of the curvature. Our study establishes an approach to develop tailored network structures from block copolymers, providing an important platform for using block copolymers in nanotechnology applications.

Strange non-local operators homogenizing the Poisson equation with dynamical unilateral boundary conditions: asymmetric particles of critical size

We study the homogenization of a nonlinear problem given by the Poisson equation, in a domain with arbitrarily shaped perforations (or particles) and with a dynamic unilateral boundary condition (of Signorini type), with a large coefficient, on the boundary of these perforations (or particles). This problem arises in the study of chemical reactions of zero order. The consideration of a possible asymmetry in the perforations (or particles) is fundamental for considering some applications in nanotechnology, where symmetry conditions are too restrictive. It is important also to consider perforations (or particles) constituted by small different parts and then with several connected components. We are specially concerned with the so-called critical case in which the relation between the coefficient in the boundary condition, the period of the basic structure, and the size of the holes (or particles) leads to the appearance of an unexpected new term in the effective homogenized equation. Because of the dynamic nature of the boundary condition this ``strange term'' becomes now a non-local in time and non-linear operator. We prove a convergence theorem and find several properties of the ``strange operator'' showing that there is a kind of regularization through the homogenization process.
 For more information see https://ejde.math.txstate.edu/Volumes/2024/03/abstr.html

Cationic solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) complexed with plasmid DNA enhance prostate cancer cells (PC-3) migration

Nanotechnology applications in biomedicine have increased in recent decades, primarily as therapeutic agents, drugs, and gene delivery systems. Among the nanoparticles used in medicine, we highlight cationic solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN). Given their nontoxic properties, much research has focused on the beneficial effects of SLN for drug or gene delivery system. However, little attention has been paid to the adverse impacts of SLN on the cellular environment, particularly their influence on intracellular signaling pathways. In this work, we investigate the effects triggered by cationic SLN on human prostate non-tumor cells (PNT1A) and tumor cells (PC-3). Our results demonstrate that cationic SLN enhances the migration of PC-3 prostate cancer cells but not PNT1A non-tumor prostate cells, an unexpected and unprecedented development. Furthermore, we observed that the enhanced cell migration velocity is a concentration-dependent and nanoparticle-dependent effect, and not related to any individual nanoparticle component. Moreover, cationic SLN increased vimentin expression (p < 0.05) but SLN did not affect Smad2 nuclear translocation. Meanwhile, EMT-related (epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition) proteins, such as ZEB1, underwent nuclear translocation when treated with cationic SLN, thereby affecting PC-3 cell motility through ZEB1 and vimentin modulation. From a therapeutic perspective, cationic SLN could potentially worsen a patient’s condition if these results were reproduced in vivo. Understanding the in vitro molecular mechanisms triggered by nanomaterials and their implications for cell function is crucial for defining their safe and effective use.

E-beam induced micropattern generation and amorphization of L-cysteine-functionalized graphene oxide nano-composites

The evolution of dynamic processes in graphene-family materials are of great interest for both scientific purposes and technical applications. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy outstand among the techniques that allow both observing and controlling such dynamic processes in real time. On the other hand, functionalized graphene oxide emerges as a favorable candidate from graphene-family materials for such an investigation due to its distinctive properties, that encompass a large surface area, robust thermal stability, and noteworthy electrical and mechanical properties after its reduction. Here, we report on studies of surface structure and adsorption dynamics of L-Cysteine on electrochemically exfoliated graphene oxide's basal plane. We show that electron beam irradiation prompts an amorphization of functionalized graphene oxide along with the formation of micropatterns of controlled geometry composed of L-Cysteine-Graphene oxide nanostructures. The controlled growth and predetermined arrangement of micropatterns as well as controlled structure disorder induced by e beam amorphization, in its turn potentially offering tailored properties and functionalities paving the way for potential applications in nanotechnology, sensor development, and surface engineering. Our findings demonstrate that graphene oxide can cover L-Cysteine in such a way to provide a control on the positioning of emerging microstructures about 10–20 μm in diameter. Besides, Raman and SAED measurement analyses yield above 50% amorphization in a material. The results of our studies demonstrate that such a technique enables the direct creation of micropatterns of L-Cysteine-Graphene oxide eliminating the need for complicated mask patterning procedures.

Mother Nature in a Given World: Solving the Problem of Nanotechnological Precaution

The development, use and application of nanotechnologies is one step away from being controlled by the technology itself. It is a scenario under construction, called the Given World in an Informational Society, subject to control by digital citizens: the infoviduos who, organically and non-organically, interfere with the network to hybridize socially and, with this, build, from the data of the network, horizontal control over all forms of development, especially, inform the nanotechnological precaution beyond politics and economics. The methodology has a systemic approach and deductive method. It uses as research techniques the collection of indirect data, the bibliographic review, national and foreign. The results indicate that, if the Organizations do not make the data available to inform and make known to society, the control project will be stagnant and the precaution, once again, relegated to the convenience and political and economic opportunity.