Application Of Nanofluids Research Articles

Thermal conductivity and photothermal characteristic of core-shell Fe3O4@C nanofluids in different particle size

Instability is a key issue that limits the application of magnetic nanofluids. In this study, Fe3O4@C nanoparticles were obtained using a carbon layer coated with a ferromagnetic material, which improved the instability of the magnetic nanofluid while obtaining higher thermal conductivity and showed excellent photothermal conversion performance in photothermal conversion experiments. Firstly, we prepared Fe3O4@C nanoparticles via the solvothermal method. We then compared different sizes of Fe3O4@C nanoparticles in terms of structure, composition, heat transfer characteristics and photothermal efficiency. The results indicate that contrary to the conventional belief that smaller nanoparticles have higher thermal conductivity, the 90.30 nm Fe3O4@C nanofluids has better thermal conductivity than 58.17 nm due to its larger proportion of carbon shells. In the photothermal conversion experiment for DASCs, the 58.17 nm group performed best, with the temperature of the 0.2 wt% sample reaching 45.80 °C and a photothermal efficiency of 60.32%.

Nanoparticles hybridization in bidirectional flowing of Prandtl–Eyring material with temperature-dependent conductivity: A numerical approach

Due to the vast applications of nanofluids in hybrid cooling processes and their role in improving heat transfer in thermal systems, an attempt has been made to investigate the consequence of temperature-dependent thermal conductivity in the bidirectional flowing of Prandtl–Eyring (PE) hybrid nanomaterial. Zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) and copper (Cu) nanoparticles have been dispersed into an engine oil (EO) to create an effective hybrid nanomaterial. Viscous dissipation, magnetization, linear thermal radiation, and Ohmic heating mechanisms also influence the dynamics of the hybrid nanomaterial. The governing equations have been parameterized by using similarity transformations and the thermophysical properties of nanoparticles. Keller–Box simulations for the modeled problem have been conducted using an in-house code developed in MATHEMATICA. Convergence analysis has been presented and robust validation of the results has been performed to certify the accuracy of the numerical inspection. Post-processing of the results has been carried out by plotting temperature and velocity curves. Drag coefficient and Nusselt number have been formulated and analyzed in tabular forms. The rate of heat transfer is developed with the hybridization of ZrO2 and Cu nanoparticles into the base liquid, while drag forces are enhanced when utilizing PE material as the base liquid.

Application of minimum quantity GnP nanofluid and cryogenic LN2 in the machining of Hastelloy C276

The current study delves into the combined influence of lubrication and cooling on the machinability of a difficult-to-cut superalloy. A comparative study of four lubricating mediums—dry, Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL), nanoMQL (NMQL), and Cryo-NMQL—was conducted during the milling of Hastelloy C276. Findings reveal that the Cryo-NMQL medium resulted in a 25.49%, 29.84%, and 42.50% decrease in cutting force, cutting temperature, and surface roughness, respectively, compared to dry cutting. This lubricating medium also decreased tool wear by 44.55%, as confirmed by SEM images showing reduced adhesion and abrasion. Analysis of chip morphology indicated a finer lamella structure with minimal serration under Cryo-NMQL, indicating enhanced efficiency. Furthermore, Cryo-NMQL refined the grain structure, enhancing microhardness for improved superalloy machining. ANOVA analysis identified feed rate and cutting speed as the most impactful parameters affecting the machining responses. Lastly, based on MORSM analysis, optimal machining parameters were determined as a cutting speed of 76.60 m/min, feed rate of 0.12 mm/tooth, radial depth of cut of 6.7 mm, and axial depth of cut of 0.6 mm. Experimental and predicted values closely matched, with a composite desirability score of 0.912, showcasing the efficacy of MORSM in addressing machining difficulties. This holistic investigation underscores Cryo-NMQL as a promising solution for the efficient and effective machining of superalloys.

Exploration of Recent Developments of Hybrid Nanofluids

Over the past two decades, research on hybrid nanofluids has developed at a breakneck pace. Hybrid nanofluids are the potential fluids that outperform conventional nanofluids heat transfer fluids regarding thermophysical characteristics and thermal performance. Hybrid nanofluids are traditionally prepared by emulsifying each nanoparticle into the base fluid independently or diffusing both particles as a composite form into the base fluid. Despite the popularity and broad application of hybrid nanofluids in industrial/manufacturing processes, the review article classifying the mathematical models and categorization of the various hybrid nanofluids is limited in the scientific community. In light of this, this study examines recent and past research articles on deterministic hybrid nanofluid flow problems by exploiting different categorizations and metrics (method to solve the differential equation, the geometry of choice and thermophysical effects that have been employed as well as the nano-particle types). Researchers will be able to use the findings of this study for a future research proposal. Essentially, it is to fill in the gaps in the literature, particularly regarding the mathematical model for hybrid nanofluid flow problems and determining the geometry, thermophysical properties, and nanoparticle type.

Vortex synchronization-enabled heat-transfer enhancement in a channel with backward- and forward-facing steps

A channel with one backward-facing step and one forward-facing step is a typical configuration in engineering applications. In the channel, good heat transfer performance is often required, and the enhancement is usually achieved by employing different passive control methods, such as modification of geometric configuration or application of nanofluid. However, the other control method, i.e., active flow control (AFC), which is likely more effective, has been rarely applied in such a scenario. This study aims to bridge this gap by exploring how a rigid plate affects the heat transfer of the channel. The plate either is stationary or actively rotates, corresponding to passive flow control or AFC. The influences of the horizontal position of the plate (S) and its orientation angle (θ) on the heat transfer performance are studied when the plate is stationary to provide a baseline. Compared to the baseline, the effects of S, θ, and the rotation frequency (fr) are revealed when the plate undergoes a sinusoidal rotation. Such a thermo-fluid dynamic problem is numerically simulated by the immersed-boundary lattice Boltzmann method. The results show that the plate can improve the heat transfer performance no matter whether it rotates or not, compared to the case without a plate. The rotating plate outperforms the stationary one when θ and fr are properly chosen at each S. Substantial improvement can be achieved when vortex synchronization or resonance occurs in the channel, i.e., when the natural vortex shedding frequency is close or equal to fr.

Enhancing the dynamic thermal stability of metal oxide oil-based nanofluids through synchronous chemical modification and physical coating

The stability of oil-based nanofluid, especially dynamic thermal stability, hinders its practical application in industries. To enhance the stability of oil-based nanofluids, an excess amount of hexadecyl trimethoxysilane was employed to synchronously achieve chemical surface modification and physical coating of metal oxide nanoparticles. This process can efficiently render the nanoparticle surface lipophilic while introducing steric hindrance. The dynamic thermal stability and long-term durability of the nanofluids were confirmed through extended resting and thermal cycling experiments. Additionally, various characterization methods were employed to examine certain properties of the modified nanoparticles. The results reveal that the modified nanoparticles exhibit lipophilic characteristics, effective dispersion, and robust thermal stability. The nanofluids prepared using these modified nanoparticles remained stable for 3 months during resting periods and withstood 21 days of thermal cycling at 130 °C. This positions them as promising heat transfer mediums for mid-temperature industries. Importantly, this stabilization technique exhibits potential applicability across a wide range of hydrophilic metal oxide oil nanofluids, as suggested by mechanistic analysis. The exploration of dynamic thermal stability mechanisms is of great practical significance in promoting the large-scale application of nanofluids in industry and provides insights that could potentially resolve the longstanding challenge of nanofluid stability.

Dusty non-Newtonian nanofluid flow along a stretching curved sheet via chemically reactive and heat source/sink imapct: Two-phase model

The momentousness of studying the similar solution of MHD flow along a curved stretching surface of non-Newtonian Casson nanofluids with suspended dust particles is due to stretching curved sheets applications across various industries and disciplines, additionally potential applications of dusty nanofluid in various fields. chemical reaction factor is tested in addition to sink and heat sources in the thermal boundary layer. The transformed equations (ODE) are obtained with the help of appropriate similarity variables to facilitate numerical processing. The numerical treatment of the reduced equations is performed employing a numerical technique known as MATLAB function bvp4c to solve our problem equations with the help of the Runge–Kutta method of fourth order. This investigation yields significant conclusions, one of which is that sphere-shaped dust particles in suspension cause the velocity to decrease. That is, the movement declines with the increase in the concentration of dust particles in the fluid. The dust phase’s speed drops, whereas the fluid phase velocity boosts with the curvature factor. Furthermore, the terms skin-friction and the numbers of Nusselt Nus and Sherwood Shs were verified and argued numerically as we found that the Non-Newtonian Casson parameter supports skin-friction. In addition, the liquid–particle interaction factor for temperature increases Nus, and Shs improves with the liquid–particle interaction factor for concentration. The curved stretching surface is recently used in this research to investigate the movement of the boundary layer, as well as the mass and heat transformation properties of a non-Newtonian nano liquid containing spherical dust particles.

Cu-Graphene water-based hybrid nanofluids: synthesis, stability, thermophysical characterization, and figure of merit analysis

Hybrid nanofluids are emerging as an alternative to conventional heat transfer fluids and nanofluids for improving the thermal efficiency of heat exchanging devices synergistically due to their outstanding thermophysical properties associated because of the dispersion of different types of nanoparticles as compared to mono nanofluids. This will help in optimizing fluid characteristics in different flow regimes for several applications. However, enhancing the thermal energy efficiency of heat exchangers is challenging owing to the deprived stability of hybrid nanofluids at greater volume concentrations. This work concentrated on the synthesizing, thermophysical depiction, and thermal performance estimation of stable water-based Cu-graphene hybrid nanofluids using very low volume concentrations of Cu and graphene hybrid nanostructures. Cu-graphene hybrid nanofluid was successfully synthesized by dispersing the synthesized Cu and graphene nanostructures (keeping the Cu concentration constant at 0.04 vol % and varying the graphene concentration from 0.01 to 0.1 vol %) in water. Hybrid nanofluids display excellent stability against aggregation for up to 7 weeks, as proven by higher zeta potential values. Thermophysical characteristics of the prepared hybrid nanofluids were effectively measured. The thermal conductivity of Cu-graphene hybrid nanofluids shows exceptional enrichment (~ 35%) at minimal concentrations of hybrid nanostructures. Viscosity of the water-based hybrid nanofluids shows remarkable enhancement as compared to water and represents the increasing trend in viscosity of the base fluid with respect to the increase in concentration of hybrid nanostructures. The thermal and rheological properties of hybrid nanofluids are effectively validated with existing theoretical models. In addition, the specific heat and pumping power of Cu-graphene hybrid nanofluids with respect to the volume concentration of hybrid nanostructures are calculated using the existing theoretical equations. A figure of merit (FOM) analysis was conducted for the synthesized hybrid nanofluids to gauge thermal efficiency and evaluate the applicability of these hybrid nanofluids under laminar and turbulent flow conditions.

Enhancing cooling efficiency: Innovative geometric designs and mono-hybrid nanofluid applications in heat sinks

This research investigates block-type heat sinks in different configurations, departing from the conventional circular cross-section pin-type heat sinks commonly found in literature. The study numerically examined eight different geometries, including vertical and horizontal flow directions, and considered key parameters such as block thickness, spacing. Additionally, the analysis explored the effects of mono and hybrid nanofluids (CuO/Water at 2% volume concentration and CuO + Fe/Water (1% CuO + 1% Fe)) on these novel geometries. The lowest thermal resistance values were measured as follows: Rth = 0.2731 K/W for water fluid, 0.272 K/W for mono nanofluid, and 0.28 K/W for hybrid nanofluid. Based on these results, it was determined that the mono nanofluid exhibited the highest cooling efficiency. Additionally, increasing block thickness and decreasing block distance have a positive effect on thermal resistance in all fluid types and geometries. The temperature distribution of mono-nano fluid is more efficient than that of hybrid-nanofluids and water, resulting in the same effect on thermal resistance. The lowest temperature distribution range was achieved between 310.5 K and 308.16 K in horizontal arrangements. Upon evaluating the system parameters, including thermal resistance, temperature distribution, and Performance Evaluation Criteria (PEC), it was concluded that horizontal arrangements exhibited superior performance compared to vertical ones. The maximum PEC attained was 1.04.

Numerical simulation of hybrid nanofluid flow and heat transfer across parallel surfaces with suction/injection and magnetic effect

The heat and mass transfer through the hybrid nanofluid (Hnf) flow with the significance of magnetic field across two spinning parallel plates has been described. The Hnf is prepared by the dispersion of SiO2 (Silicon dioxide) and MoS2 (Molybdenum Disulfide) nanoparticles (NPs) in the ethylene glycol (EG). The MoS2 is anti-friction compound used in automobiles and other types of heavy machineries in industry. It reduces the engine noise, reduces fuel consumption and enhances engine life. Similarly, SiO2 is used in structural materials, food processing, pharmaceutical industries and as an electrical insulator in microelectronic apparatus. Based on the remarkable applications of the hybrid nanofluid (MoS2-SiO2/EG), the flow has been modeled in form of PDEs, which are numerically handled through the parametric method (PCM). The results are compared for velocity, energy and concentration profiles with another numerical technique bvp4c (Matlab code). It has been detected that the results derived from the PCM are reliable and accurate. Furthermore, the velocity field declines with the upshot of Reynold number and suction/injection factor. The heat dissemination rate enhances from 2.85% to 9.89%, whereas the mass diffusion rate enriches form 2.32% to 9.56% as the values of nanoparticles varies from 0.01 to 0.03.

Thermal analysis of heat transport in a slip flow of ternary hybrid nanofluid with suction upon a stretching/shrinking sheet

Understanding heat transfer in slip flow scenarios involving a stretching or shrinking sheet has immediate applications in numerous fields, including materials processing, production, and temperature management systems. This information supports the development of novel heat transfer methods and systems. Therefore the present study focuses on stagnant point flow and discusses the dynamics and thermal characteristics of ternary hybrid nanofluids with the application of Tiwari and Das nanofluids. It is assumed that the ternary hybrid nanofluids are present on a stretching/shrinking sheet. The slipping effects and suction boundary conditions are implemented. The simulation will be performed using the finite element method with the software package COMSOL Multiphysics 6.0. The system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) obtained through similarity transformation will be solved numerically to obtain simulation results. The average velocity, temperature profiles, and Nusselt number patterns using non-dimensional parameters are also analyzed. These non-dimensional parameters include the stretching/shrinking parameter, ranging from −1 to 0.5, and the suction parameter and slip flow parameter, both ranging from 0 to 2. The ternary hybrid nanofluids under investigation consist of a combination of TiO2, Silver-Ag, and ZnO particles in a base fluid (water). The volume fraction of these particles in the base fluid will be tested from 0.03 to 0.3. It was found that when there are no suction and no slipping effects, the Nusselt number decreases for the shrinking case and increases for the stretching case. It is also concluded that when there is no suction or slipping effect, the average temperature profile increases in the shrinking case and decreases in the stretching case.

Bioconvective flow of Maxwell nanoparticles with variable thermal conductivity and convective boundary conditions

Owing to recent development in the thermal sciences, scientists are focusing towards the wide applications of nanofluids in industrial systems, engineering processes, medical sciences, enhancing the transport sources, energy production etc. In various available studies on nanomaterials, the thermal significance of nanoparticles has been presented in view of constant thermal conductivity and fluid viscosity. However, exponents verify that in many industrial and engineering process, the fluid viscosity and thermal conductivity cannot be treated as a constant. The motivation of current research is to investigates the improved thermal aspects of magnetized Maxwell nanofluid attaining the variable viscosity and thermal conductivity. The nanofluid referred to the suspension of microorganisms to ensure the stability. The insight of heat transfer is predicted under the assumptions of radiated phenomenon. Additionally, the variable thermal conductivity assumptions are encountered to examine the transport phenomenon. Whole investigation is supported with key contribution of convective-Nield boundary conditions. In order to evaluating the numerical computations of problem, a famous shooting technique is utilized. After ensuring the validity of solution, physical assessment of problem is focused. It is claimed that velocity profile boosted due to variable viscosity parameter. A reduction in temperature profile is noted due to thermal relaxation constant.

Modeling of Enhanced Oil Recovery

The demand for energy has been increasing exponentially and at present time, this cannot be fulfilled by renewable energy alone. Crude oil has remained one of the major mineral resources for energy. It is difficult for a populated developing country like Nigeria, to keep a balance between the supply and demand of crude oil. In recent years, considerable studies have been conducted to search for efficient technologies for recovering oil from old oil reservoirs since about two-thirds of the oil in the reservoir cannot be recovered by conventional methods. The trapped oil in the reservoir can be recovered by enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods such as chemical, thermal, gas, and microbial methods. Nanofluid flooding is found to be one of the efficient methods that have gained importance as nanoparticles have been found to alter the rock wettability which helps in oil recovery. It has also been found that the use of modeling to evaluate the performance of any process before conducting any experiments is found to be a more economical and effective practice. Therefore, the present modeling work was carried out to explore the application of nanofluid in EOR using COMSOL Multiphysics.This study investigates the effect of different parameters on EOR such as the addition of nanoparticles (Al2O3) in water, the porosity of the reservoir, and diffusion coefficients of nanofluid on oil saturation in reservoirs. Velocity contours, temperature contours, and oil saturation contours within the reservoir were investigated.

Analysis of thermophysical and transport properties of nanofluids using machine learning algorithms

Accurate calculations of thermophysical properties (TPP) and fluid transport properties are crucial for solving and enhancing a myriad of heat and mass transfer issues, particularly in the field of engineering and associated disciplines. This is even more significant in the case of advanced fluids, such as nanofluids, which play a pivotal role in the progression of new technologies. The significance of TPP in heat transfer studies is undeniable, yet there is a notable scarcity of reliable TPP values for nanofluids that can be uniformly applied to numerous problems and complex industrial systems. This shortage poses a unique challenge for nanofluids. The current study introduces NanoFluid Explorer (NanoFEx), a comprehensive MATLAB-based database specifically designed to catalog the TPP of nanofluids. The database is divided into two main parts. The first part employs Gaussian regression, supported by experimental data derived from existing literature, using kernel functions commonly used for this type of analysis. The second part features a neural network, designed for efficiency, that is trained on the aforementioned database and supplemented by an additional database formed from the Gaussian-regression output. This setup allows NanoFEx to recapture TPP values for nanofluids that may be absent in the existing literature. The preliminary findings demonstrate that NanoFEx could prove to be an invaluable resource for both theoretical and experimental researchers studying heat and mass transfer in nanofluids. Moreover, NanoFEx confirms thermodynamically consistent values with any discrepancies attributed to finite-precision computations. Furthermore, NanoFEx achieved over 93% accuracy in predicting key properties. The novelty and relevance of this study stem from the comprehensiveness of the experimental results database. In summary, this research provides an extensive and, to the best of the authors' knowledge, the most reliable dataset currently available for TPP of nanofluids. This significant contribution aims to unify nanofluid TPP research and optimize experimental processes while setting a crucial standard for future nanofluid applications.

Irrotational flow analysis of Rayleigh-Taylor instability in nanofluid layer with tangential magnetic field

The application of nanofluids in the presence of a magnetic field holds promise for advanced drug delivery systems, where controlled manipulation of magnetic nanoparticles within nanofluids can enhance targeted and localized drug delivery. This study explores the instability of a viscous fluid-nanofluid interface arranged in a planar configuration influenced by a tangential magnetic field using the irrotational flow theory. When the nanofluid is positioned above a viscous fluid, the interface is susceptible to the Rayleigh-Taylor instability. Employing linear stability theory, an explicit relationship connecting the perturbation growth parameter with the wavenumber is derived. Different dimensionless quantities such as the Atwood number, Weber number, Froude number, and Reynolds number are analyzed using stability plots. These plots provide valuable information about the behavior of interfaces. Increased magnetic field strength is observed to delay instability onset. Surface tension is found to stabilize the interface, whereas inertial forces destabilize it. This investigation contributes to understanding and controlling the interface dynamics in nanofluid systems.

A Review of Nanofluid Boiling Heat Transfer and Its Applications in Heat Pipes

Nanofluid is a new type of heat transfer medium formed by adding metal or non-metal in liquid medium in a certain proportion and manner, which has many advantages over the traditional working fluid. Combining heat pipes with nanofluids and using nanofluids as the working material of heat pipes can reduce thermal resistance and effectively improve the heat transfer performance of heat pipes. This paper provides a relevant overview of heat pipes and nanofluids, and introduces the relevant classifications of heat pipes, the working principle and the relevant research on nanofluid-enhanced boiling heat transfer. It conducts a literature review on the application of nanofluids in heat pipes, and finally proposes possible future research directions.

ENHANCING COOLING PERFORMANCE OF A HEAT EXCHANGER DRIVEN BY WATER/ALUMINA-SILICA HYBRID NANOFLUID: EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

The application of nanofluids in heat exchangers has been established to be beneficial in augmenting heat transfer performance. This study presents an experimental investigation of the performance of a heat exchanger using a water/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-SiO<sub>2</sub> nanofluid under constant heat flux condition. The nanofluid, consisting of well-stabilized nanoparticles, was applied at concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 0.025 vol.%. By systematically varying the Reynold's number from 6,000 to 24,000, the effects of the Reynold's number and concentration on the average Nusselt numbers and friction factor were analyzed. The results indicate that the addition of nanoparticles significantly enhances both the average Nusselt number and friction factor. At a Reynolds number of 24,000, the hybrid nanofluid with a concentration of 0.025 vol.% exhibited a maximum increase of 13.57% in the average Nusselt number and a 10.08% increase in the friction factor compared to using water alone. Sensitivity analysis revealed that concentration had a more pronounced impact on the average Nusselt number and friction factor than Reynold's number. Various figures of merits determined the thermal performance of the heated tube. The study proposes new correlations with high accuracies (R<sup>2</sup> > 99%) to predict these parameters. Based on the findings, the use of hybrid nanofluid is recommended for enhancing heat transfer applications. However, it is important to consider the potential increase in pumping power requirements associated with nanoparticles.

Assessing thermophysical properties of Nanostructured Cellulose Nano Crystal (CNC) and Graphene Nanoplatelets (GNP) Additives in Palm Oil-Based Heat Transfer Fluid

This study explores the examination of the thermophysical characteristics of eco-friendly CNC-Palm oil, GNP-Palm oil and CNC/GNP-palm oil mono and hybrid nanofluids. The stability assessment involves a comprehensive analysis, incorporating visual observations and thermal conductivity assessments. Notably, it was observed that an elevated proportion of hybrid mixture contributed to the enhanced stability of the nanosuspension, ensuring the uniform dispersion of nanomaterials within the base liquid for an extended period. The results indicate that hybrid nanofluids containing CNC/GNP and formulated with palm oil exhibit substantial stability. A comprehensive visual examination over an impressive 30-day duration reveals minimal accumulation, underscoring the enduring stability of these nanofluids. The study also examines crucial thermal and physical properties, including thermal conductivity and viscosity about temperature. The most significant enhancement was witnessed in thermal conductivity, achieving a noteworthy 100% increase in the 0.1w/v% concentrated CNC/GNP/Palm Oil hybrid nanofluid at 70°C, demonstrating a significant improvement compared to the base fluid. Furthermore, there are noticeable increments in viscosity, albeit with a more modest enhancement compared to thermal conductivity. These outcomes suggest a direct relationship between the increased concentrations can improve stability and thermal conductivity. This study contributes valuable insights into utilizing CNC/GNP in nanofluid applications, with implications for fields requiring enhanced thermal performance and fluid stability.

On the role of disjoining pressure in nanofluid-assisted enhanced oil recovery: a mini-review.

Nanofluid application in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) recently emerged and garnered significant attention within the field. Nanofluids possess unique properties of reducing oil-water interfacial tension, stabilizing emulsions, altering rock surface wettability, and enhancing disjoining pressure between crude oil and rock surfaces, therefore have potential for the oil recovery process. This review provides an in-depth exploration of various aspects related to nanofluids in EOR. Different types of nanofluids are presented with their preparation methods and representative properties. More importantly, the disjoining pressure, a key physical concept in nanofluid-assisted EOR, is introduced and discussed in terms of the mechanism of oil displacement and measurement methods. Further understanding the role of disjoining pressure in nanofluid-assisted oil displacement is necessary for the development and application of effective nanofluids for EOR.

Emerging approaches of utilizing trees to produce advanced structural and functional materials.

The global number of trees is approximately 3 trillion, covering 31% of the land area. Trees are considered a cheap, abundant, renewable, and environmentally friendly feedstock for producing advanced structural and functional materials toward a widespread application in sustainable energy and environment. In this highlight, we reveal the structure and composition of wood, leaves, and tree extracts, and then highlight the strategies to control their hierarchical structures and properties. Moreover, we provide an up-to-date overview of their emerging applications in sustainable buildings, ionic nanofluidics, batteries, capacitors, solar cells, environmental remediation, biodegradable packaging, and nanomaterial synthesis. Finally, we outline the challenges and opportunities in valorizing trees for creating a sustainable future.