Application Of Induction Motors Research Articles

Analisis Pengaruh Sudut Penyalaan TRIAC terhadap Pengaturan Kecepatan Motor Induksi Satu Fasa Menggunakan Cycloconverter

ABSTRACTA single-phase induction motor is one type of electric motor that is most widely used in everyday’s life, especially for running small loads. The application of this single phase induction motor is not only in households but also in shops, shopping centers, and industry. In its operation, single-phase induction motors can be operated with constant speed and variable speed. The operation of a single-phase induction motor at a constant speed can be done by inputting the nominal voltage and frequency of the motor. Meanwhile, the operation of a single-phase induction motor with varying speeds can be done by adjusting the input frequency of the motor. In this study, an induction motor speed control was carried out using a cycloconverter to regulate the speed of a single-phase induction motor by changing the input frequency of the motor into three variations, namely f / 1, f / 2 and f / 3 at the base frequency of 50 Hz. The cycloconverter switching was designed using TRIAC and then a study was carried out on the effect of the TRIAC’s firing angle on the speed, voltage and output power of the motor by varying firing angles by 0?, 30?, 45?, 60? and 90?. The result show, it is found that increasing the firing angle, the motor output voltage decrease, the motor output power also decrease, except at the angle of 60 ? rises then at the angle of 90 decrease again, while the motor speed increases at the same frequency. Keyword: cycloconverter, firing angle, TRIAC.

Linear Induction Motors in Transportation Systems

This paper provides an overview of the Linear Transportation System (LTS) and focuses on the application of a Linear Induction Motor (LIM) as a major constituent of LTS propulsion. Due to their physical characteristics, linear induction motors introduce many physical phenomena and design constraints that do not occur in the application of the rotary motor equivalent. The efficiency of the LIM is lower than that of the equivalent rotary machine, but, when the motors are compared as integrated constituents of the broader transportation system, the rotary motor’s efficiency advantage diminishes entirely. Against this background, several solutions to the problems still existing in the application of traction linear induction motors are presented based on the scientific research of the authors. Thus, solutions to the following problems are presented here: (a) development of new analytical solutions and finite element methods for LIM evaluation; (b) comparison between the analytical and numerical results, performed with commercial and self-developed software, showing an exceptionally good agreement; (c) self-developed LIM adaptive control methods; (d) LIM performance under voltage supply (non-symmetrical phase current values); (e) method for the power loss evaluation in the LIM reaction rail and the temperature rise prediction method of a traction LIM; and (f) discussion of the performance of the superconducting LIM. The addressed research topics have been chosen for their practical impact on the advancement of a LIM as the preferred urban transport propulsion motor.

Thermal-electromagnetic coupling simulation study of high efficiency and energy saving application of induction motor for offshore oil platform

The load of the offshore oil platform is mostly pump unit, Asynchronous motor with cage rotor has simple structure, reliable operation, and inexpensive. But it has a huge shortcoming of its low efficiency. When the output power is constant, improving efficiency is to decrease loss of the motor. This paper discusses some methods of energy saving and low consumption of the pump unit to improve the efficiency. Direct drive pump can completely eliminate transmission loss, eliminate bearing of centrifugal pump impeller pump, reduce friction, and thus reduce mechanical loss. The rotor copper loss and stator copper loss will be reduced by using copper squirrel cage and multi-wound motor, so the efficiency of the motor will be improved. If all the pump unit of the offshore oil platform is turned into this low consumption motor, it will save a lot of energy and greatly improve the efficiency of the load. Today, motors are widely found in various devices and their analysis involves the coupling of multiple physical fields. One of the most serious problems for some large motors is the heating problem, which generates various losses during motor operation, and these losses are eventually converted into thermal energy and emitted in the form of heat. The operating temperature of the motor has a great influence on the insulating material of the motor. Afterwards, a method of thermal-electromagnetic coupling simulation of the motor is carried out with a pump unit in the offshore oil platform as an example, and the magnetic line distribution, magnetic field density distribution cloud diagram and water pump temperature distribution of the motor are obtained, which are the basis of the electromagnetic design of the water pump and the design of the heat dissipation system.

Smart integration of drive system for induction motor applications in electric vehicles

In this paper, a smart drive system of the induction motor (IM) is proposed and adapted for applications in electric vehicles (EVs). Objectively, the EV drive systems are robust over wide speed and torque ranges. The proposed drive system is independent of encoder (encoderless) and concerned with the torque control drive (TCD) and indirect rotor field-oriented control (IRFOC) using the sliding mode observer (SMO). This arrangement of monitoring system and control techniques are smartly integrated for the IM applications in EVs. The encoderless technique utilizes SMO to estimate the stator current, rotor flux angle, and rotor speed. The SMO is verified in motoring mode at very low and zero speed conditions. The accelerator pedal is utilized for TCD to generate the reference torque required to accelerate the EV by the driver. The rotor flux angle is estimated based on IRFOC method. The laboratory waveforms illustrate the robustness of the encoderless control of the IM-based torque control drive system in electrical vehicle applications at very low speed using SMO. The laboratory waveforms prove the validity of SMO with encoderless control of a smart dive system of the IM in EV applications under load torque/speed variations.

Analysis of the payback period of a modernized pump unit with induction electric motors of advanced energy efficiency classes

Aim. The comparative analysis of energy consumption, electricity costs during lifetime cycle and payback period of a pump unit with 90 kW 2-pole induction motors, belonging to various energy efficiency classes, feeding directly from power grid. Methods. The examined operating modes aligned with a typical operating cycle of a pump unit with approximately constant flow rate of 75-110 % of the rated flow. The calculations were based on the pump and induction motors nameplate data, which, in their turn, were based on the manufacturers’ experimental data. Results. The calculations of energy consumption, electricity costs and payback periods of a pump unit with 90 kW 2-pole induction motors, feeding directly from power grid have been performed in the article. The application of induction motors belonging to IE2, IE3 and IE4 energy efficiency classes has been discussed. Practical value. It has been demonstrated, than in case of replacement of an induction motor of energy efficiency class IE2 due to planned retrofit, payback period for an IE4 induction motor is 2.18 years, energy savings within a calculated 20-year operating period are 268MW·h, which makes €41110 in money terms. Under the same conditions, the replacement of an induction motor of energy efficiency class IE2 with an induction motor of energy efficiency class IE3 will allow to save 88 MW·h within a calculated operating period, which, expressed in monetary terms, is €13500 and the payback period is 5.11 years. Thus, the article proves that despite a higher initial price, the choice of an induction motor of energy efficiency class IE4 tends to be more economically advantageous.

An Industrial Survey on Electric Drives and Scope of Multilevel Inverter Based Induction Motor Drives in Sugar Industry

A typical sugar industry has electric motors ranging from a few kW to a few MW. For controlled speed–torque characteristics, at most of the places, variable frequency drives (VFDs) are used. DC drives are also used in place of VFDs at milling and batch type centrifugal machines. Slip ring induction motor (SRIM) drives are invariably used at sugarcane preparation station and also at some large pump and fan loads of the industry. At many places, the type and configuration of electric drives need to be reviewed keeping in view the recent developments in the area and improvements in similar applications in other industries. There is also a need to review the aspect of efficiency and harmonics associated with these conventional electric drives in the industry. Further, the VFDs, wherever installed in the sugar industry, are, invariably, 2-level inverter-based induction motor drives. The potential of the multilevel inverter (MLI)-based induction motor drives, being improved one, also needs to be explored in the industry. This paper presents a survey on types of electric drives presently being used for various applications in the sugar industry, their merits and demerits, further possible improvements in them for power saving and reduction in harmonics along with the potential of application of MLI-based induction motor drives, wherever feasible, in the industry.

Simulation and analysis of T-PUC9 inverter fed single phase induction motor application

This paper presents the simulation and analysis of a Nine-Level T-Type Packed U-Cell (T-PUC9) Inverter fed single phase Induction Motor. This inverter includes a T-type neutral point clamped (NPC) pole, two identical DC voltage sources and a one half-bridge module. It employs a Multiple pulse width modulation (PWM) scheme for generating the pulses for all the eight switches to synthesis the desired nine level voltages namely 2Vdc, 1.5Vdc, Vdc, 0.5Vdc, 0, -0.5Vdc, -Vdc, -1.5Vdc and -2Vdcwhich resembles a nearly sinusoidal wave owing to the rise in the number of steps. Due to its low-level harmonic distortion in the output it is used in industrial applications. The simulation model of the presented inverter has been developed for a single-phase induction motor application for a two identical DC voltage sources of 110V each using the MATLAB Simulink platform. The theoretical predictions and the performance of the Nine-Level T-Type Packed U-Cell (T-PUC9) Inverter fed single phase induction motor have been successfully validated with the help of simulation results.

Compressed Extended Kalman Filter for Sensorless Control of Asynchronous Motor

The sensorless control applications of Induction Motors (IM) are largely expanding in industrial applications. This paper presents a new and effective sensorless control approach for IM drive based on Compressed Extended Kalman Filter (CEKF). Moreover, the estimations of the rotor flux components and the IM motor speed are implemented through CEKF algorithm. The effectiveness of the proposed control system of IM and estimation algorithm has been verified through simulation work using MATLAB/Simulink at different torque loads. Furthermore, the estimation scheme has been experimentally tested at full load. The comparison between the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) and the CEKF are carried out and satisfying simulation and experimental results have shown that the CEKF algorithm is very effective in estimating the IM states with lower computational costs, low storage memory and less complexity during implementation compared to the EKF. The sensorless control system has demonstrated good performance at different torque loads conditions. Copyright © 2020 Praise Worthy Prize - All rights reserved.

Acoustic response of high-speed deep groove ball bearing by modifying the internal geometry

In this paper, a mathematical model to predict acoustic responses of high-speed bearing has been developed and demonstrated in an application of Induction motors. Effect on the acoustic behaviour of bearing has studied by modifying the internal geometry, such as the number of rotating elements, curvature ratio, rotating speed with the oval shape of the track raceway due to pre-operational damage. The mathematical model predicts the contact stress, elliptical contact area, noise level dB and Frequencies of waviness pattern. High-speed bearing is tested at four different speeds to monitor acoustic behaviour. This drive end bearing undergoes different rotational speeds; however, the author has simulated the results at a majorly driven constant speed. The author has incorporated application-level testing at the customized test rig. The mathematical model has simulated using coupled governing equations with the help of the Ranga-Kutta method. The simulation and experimental results presented in this paper in the form of a waterfall diagram, FFT spectrum and colour pressure plots. Acoustic characteristics during measurements of the rolling bearing have shown systematically to correlate the mathematical model with an experimental result. Results indicate the remarkable influence of raceway nonconformities of bearing on the noise level. The novelty of research study is to estimate the amplitude of noise level due to waviness generated on rings of bearing after pre-operation damage which is the realistic scenario that occurred after a complaint recorded by the motor manufacturer. The authors believe that this technique enables the bearing designer to choose the appropriate diametric ratio of the ball and track curvature for elliptical contact stress as well as acoustic level. This method is developed specifically for an application of drive-end position ball bearing. Practical use of this method is to determine the Noise level of an electric motor (up to 60 kW capacities) due to improper handling and inappropriate installation of bearing which cause inherent waviness on components.

Cascaded Multi-Level Inverter with APOD Based PV System for Induction Motor using DTFC Control

In this paper cascaded multi-level inverter based APOD control is designed to achieve harmonic reduction based on induction motor (IM) application which is fed by switched inductor quasi-Z source inverter (SL-qZSI) is proposed. The control method of proposed induction motor is controlled by direct torque and flux control (DTFC). The proposed converter qZSI is achieving the DC link voltage with improvement and to maintain the constant power supply. The proposed control technique for induction motor directs to reliability improvement and the capability of soft starting. The multi-level inverter with cascaded system is using with APOD control to reduce the total harmonic distortion in the supply voltage. The DTFC achieves the reduced settling time and stator inrush current reductions are achieved. The results and proposed system is analyzed and verified using MATLAB/Simulink environment.

A new robust sensorless vector-control strategy for wound-rotor induction motors

ABSTRACT Aim of this study is to investigate a sensor-less speed-observer with the principles of vector control for the industrial applications of Wound-Rotor Induction Motors (WRIM). The proposed estimation method is based on a simple topology to efficiently predict the rotor-speed signal with the aid of the phase axes relations of the adopted motor and using the flux orientation scheme with the indirect type (IRFOC). To effectively verify the efficacy of the presented sensor-less control system, overall results are carried out. The realised analysis validates the proposed estimation method for the rotor-speed of WRIM, which ensures its capability for sensor-less vector control methodology of the adopted system.

A Comprehensive Comparison of Extended and Unscented Kalman Filters for Speed-Sensorless Control Applications of Induction Motors

In this article, the real-time comparison of extended and unscented Kalman filter algorithms, which estimate the stator stationary axis components of stator currents, the stator stationary axis components of rotor fluxes, the rotor mechanical speed, and the load torque including viscous friction term, are performed under different operating conditions for speed-sensorless control applications of induction motors (IMs). Thus, it is clarified which algorithm is more suitable for state and parameter (load torque) estimation problem of IMs. For this purpose, four different real-time experimental tests have been carried out, which examine the effect of noise covariance matrices, parameter changes, sampling time, and computational burdens on estimation performance of both algorithms. Unlike the current literature, remarkable comparison results have been obtained.

Research on Transposition Method and Loss of Multi-Turn Coil in an Induction Motor

Due to the special application and special structure of induction motor, the requirement for winding loss reduction is very strict. To achieve the purpose, the transposition method of odd strands is proposed, and the loss calculation model of the winding with the multi-turn coil is established for the 5.5 MW induction motor. Calculations indicate that the loss of odd strands is about 1440 W lower than that of even strands. In order to investigate the feasibility of transposition method for odd strands per turn side of the multi-turn coil, a laboratory prototype is designed. The simulation results match well with the experiment results, which will provide a reference for the winding design and winding loss calculation of induction motor.

A Research on Electric Inertia Simulation Technology Based on AC Induction Motor

In order to study the application of AC induction motor in electrical inertia simulation system, a simulation model of electrical inertia simulation system was established by MATLAB/Simulink. The closed-loop vector control strategy of the drive motor and load motor torque of the system is proposed after analyzing the theory of electrical inertia simulation. The angular acceleration of the system during acceleration and deceleration is obtained by approximation based on the system rotation speed measured. Thus, the automatic compensation of the inertia torque of the load motor is realized. A mechanical inertia disk was simulated. According to the results of the simulation, the speed error of the electric inertia simulation system is within 15 r/min, which indicates that this method can realize accurate inertia simulation.

Thermal Performances of Induction Motors for Applications in Washdown Environment

Some specific application fields of electric motors, such as food and beverage applications, require highly demanding hygiene procedures that involve a highly aggressive environment for the motor, including frequent high pressure and high temperature washing with water or more aggressive detergents. Specific materials and protection features are used in motors to better withstand such environment; however, these have an impact on performance and lead to oversized machines. This paper describes some solutions and their impact on performance, with specific focus on the thermal properties of the analyzed machine.

Fast Restarting of Free-Running Induction Motors Under Speed-Sensorless Vector Control

In some applications of inverter-fed induction motor drive systems, a fast and smooth restarting of free-running motors may be required when their inverters are faced with short-term power interruptions. In this article, a novel restarting strategy is proposed, consisting of three steps. First, during the restarting process, the initial step requires the machine's speed estimation. To achieve this, a dc current injection-based method is used to estimate the rotor flux and subsequently the speed of the rotating machine. In this step, a filtering and a phase-locked loop are used to extract speed information. Next, to further improve the speed estimation accuracy, the speed-sensorless vector control with zero torque command is used. Finally, a full-order adaptive observer is utilized for speed estimation in the restored normal operation of the induction motor. Compared to existing/alternative methods, the proposed strategy much faster estimates the initial speed and is able to restore the normal smooth operation within 0.5 s. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by simulation and experimental studies.

DCNN-Based Multi-Signal Induction Motor Fault Diagnosis

Deep learning (DL) architecture, which exploits multiple hidden layers to learn hierarchical representations automatically from massive input data, presents a promising tool for characterizing fault conditions. This paper proposes a DL-based multi-signal fault diagnosis method that leverages the powerful feature learning ability of a convolutional neural network (CNN) in images. The proposed deep model is able to learn from multiple types of sensor signals simultaneously so that it can achieve robust performance and finally realize accurate induction motor fault recognition. First, the acquired sensor signals are converted to time–frequency distribution (TFD) by wavelet transform. Then, a deep CNN is applied to learning discriminative representations from the TFD images. Since then, a fully connected layer in deep architecture gives the prediction of induction motor condition based on learned features. In order to verify the effectiveness of the designed deep model, experiments are carried out on a machine fault simulator where both vibration and current signals are analyzed. Experimental results indicate that the proposed method outperforms traditional fault diagnosis methods, hence, demonstrating effectiveness in induction motor application. Compared with conventional methods that rely on delicate features extracted by experienced experts, the proposed deep model is able to automatically learn and select suitable features that contribute to accurate fault diagnosis. Compared with single-signal input, the multi-signal model has more accurate and stable performance and overcomes the overfitting problem to some degree.

Development of an Android Based SCADA System for Induction Motor Application

Majority of SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) systems that is being deployed and implemented all over the world utilizes a much larger network that is complex and expensive. This paper provides and demonstrates a cheaper alternative. The developed system which may be used for domestic applications has the ability to monitor the supply voltage, speed, casing and stator temperature as well as to control the speed of the motor. It can transmit the data of these monitored parameters, wirelessly, between the base station (site) and mobile station (android phone) through Bluetooth. The mobile station serves as the display medium to enable the user to view these parameters and also have input keypads that the user can use to alter the speed. To achieve this, an embedded system was used which involves the programming of PIC microcontrollers using assembly language. Other discrete components such as resistor, capacitor, transistors etc. were also utilized. A variable frequency driver was designed to drive the induction motor and interface with the microcontroller. After the design, construction and testing, the results were satisfactory as the SCADA system could alter induction motor speeds, collate motor casing and stator temperature, supply voltage and speed in revolutions per minute (RPM) and transmit them to the android phone. Temperature range of 24ºC to 51ºC, motor speed of 747 to 2234 RPM, and supply voltage of 179 to 221V AC was measured.

Adaptive Extended Kalman Filter for Speed-Sensorless Control of Induction Motors

This paper presents an adaptive extended Kalman filter (AEKF) algorithm estimating the stator stationary axis components of stator currents, the stator stationary axis components of rotor fluxes, the rotor mechanical speed, and the load torque for speed-sensorless control applications of induction motors (IMs). The performance of a standard extended Kalman filter (SEKF) algorithm depends on the correct selection of system and measurement noise covariance matrices. In SEKF algorithms, these matrices are generally assumed as constant and determined by the trial-and-error method. However, they are affected by the operating conditions of IM and should be updated considering the operating conditions. For this purpose, instead of the time-consuming trial-and-error method for determining these matrices, an innovation-based adaptive estimation approach having the capability of online update is used in this paper. Finally, in order to verify the superiority of the AEKF algorithm, estimation performances of AEKF and SEKF algorithms are compared under challenging scenarios for a wide speed range considering computational burdens and parameter variations.

A Reduced Switch AC-AC Converter with the Application of D-STATCOM and Induction Motor Drive

In this paper, a reduced switch AC-DC-AC converter is used as a distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) and induction motor drive. The AC-DC-AC nine switch converter (NSC) is a reduced switch topology of conventional 12-switch back to back converter. With a 25% reduced switch count, NSC has lower losses when operated at constant frequency mode compared to twelve switch converter (TSC). The idea is to operate NSC input terminal as an active front-end rectifier to mimic synchronous generator (SG) operation. The induction motor is connected at the output of the NSC for irrigation application where no speed regulation is required. In distribution generation (DG), a large capacitor bank is used to deliver required reactive power. This may lead to over-voltage at the point of common coupling (PCC) when the load is turned off. To manage reactive power transfer at PCC, a control scheme is developed for NSC such that it can absorb or deliver reactive power with induction motor drive. Similar to SG, V-curve and inverted V-curve is plotted. The simulation and hardware results prove the feasibility of the proposed system.