Application Of First Aid Research Articles

Disaster preparedness perceptions and psychological first-aid competencies of psychiatric nurses.

This study aimed to determine the disaster preparedness perceptions and psychological first-aid competencies of psychiatric nurses. Nurses must recognize the risks before a disaster occurs and have an action plan for providing effective physical and psychological care to patients and other affected individuals during and after the disaster. It is especially important for psychiatric nurses caring for a high-risk group, such as psychiatric patients, to be prepared for disasters and be able to support patients by recognizing the psychological reactions that may occur after a disaster and managing their care accordingly. For this cross-sectional and correlational study, data on 122 nurses were collected using a personal information form, the preparedness perception scale of disaster in nurses, and the psychological first-aid application self-efficacy scale. The mean score for the participants' perception of overall disaster preparedness was 76.70±8.30, the mean score for the preparation stage was 27.02±2.82, the mean score for the intervention stage was 30.40±5.15, the mean score for the post-disaster stage was 19.27±2.88, and the mean score for psychological first-aid application self-efficacy was 140.28±19.17. The findings showed that psychiatric nurses were above the medium level in terms of disaster preparedness perceptions and psychological first-aid application self-efficacy. It is important for nurses caring for high-risk groups, such as psychiatric patients, to be aware of disaster preparedness, to recognize psychological reactions that may be observed after a disaster, and to be aware of psychological first-aid practices that can be used to intervene in a disaster.

Assessment of Knowledge and Practice Regarding Psychological First Aid Among Secondary School Students in Erbil City.

Secondary school students in Erbil City face various stressors and challenges that may impact their mental well-being. This study aimed to assess the knowledge and practical application of psychological first aid (PFA) among these students. This cross-sectional study was conducted from June 10th to June 25th, 2024, in six high schools in Erbil City, Iraq. Participants were selected using a purposive sampling method. Data were collected using two self-structured questionnaires, which included demographic information, a knowledge assessment, and a practical application assessment of PFA. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 28 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Frequency and percentage were used for categorical variables, and mean and standard deviation for quantitative variables. Ordinal regression analyses were conducted to assess the relationships between demographic variables and PFA knowledge and practice. Spearman correlation was used to determine the relationship between knowledge and practice. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. A total of 412 students were enrolled in the study. The mean scores for knowledge and practice indicated fair levels, with mean scores of 7.66 ± 1.34 for knowledge and 7.01 ± 1.38 for practice. The analysis showed that 11 students (2.7%) had poor knowledge, 161 students (39.1%) had fair knowledge, and 240 students (58.2%) had good knowledge of PFA. In terms of practice, 15 students (3.6%) exhibited poor practice, 237 students (57.6%) demonstrated fair practice, and 160 students (38.8%) showed good practice of PFA. Significant associations were found between several demographic variables and PFA knowledge and practice. Males had higher knowledge scores (estimate = 1.22, 95% CI: 0.20, 2.24, P = 0.02), as did students from families with insufficient monthly income (estimate = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.10, 1.72, P = 0.03) and those residing in urban areas (estimate = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.17, 1.50, P = 0.01). For practice, the occupation of the father was significant, with unemployed fathers associated with lower practice scores (estimate = -1.08, 95% CI: -2.06, -0.09, P = 0.03). The study showed that students had fair knowledge and practice of PFA. To improve these scores, it is recommended that nurses and educators develop targeted interventions and training programs. These should focus on enhancing students' understanding and practical skills in PFA, ensuring they are better equipped to handle psychological distress among their peers.

Knowledge and application of first aid and treatment of snakebites among Sri Lankan North Central Province farmers

The application of first aid for snakebites are important in rural Sri Lanka. This study aimed to assess the current level of knowledge and application of snakebite first aid. Results revealed a substantial gap between knowledge and practices. This study highlights the need for education programs to improve snakebite management

Edukasi Penanganan Pertama Cedera Olahraga Pada Anggota PMR SMPN 5 Malang

Engaging in physical activities among adolescent students offers numerous benefits, one of which is the enhancement of brain function leading to improved cognitive abilities and focus during school learning. However, sports-related injuries are prevalent in school environments. Factors contributing to these injuries include inadequate warm-up, a lack of proper facilities, and high levels of physical activity. The higher the intensity of physical activity, the greater the risk of injuries. In school settings, the Youth Red Cross (PMR) plays a crucial role in providing basic medical assistance to individuals experiencing health issues. However, some PMR members lack proficiency in offering first aid for sports-related injuries. Therefore, it is essential to raise awareness about the correct and timely application of first aid in the event of sports injuries. This essay aims to discuss the importance of increasing understanding of first aid for sports injuries, with a specific focus on the PRICE method.

GAMBARAN KECEMASAN MASYARAKAT DESA X DI SIDOARJO PASCA BENCANA ANGIN PUTING BELIUNG

Residents of Kedondong Village, Sidoarjo Regency experienced psychological problems due to the occurrence of tornado natural disasters that could damage residents' homes and other infrastructure, the occurrence of these natural disasters could cause anxiety to residents and children of Kedondong Village. Therefore, an initial treatment is needed in order to reduce the impact of anxiety that occurs with an intervention, namely with Psychological First Aid (PFA). This study used qualitative descriptive methods and then to obtain information on the impact of the disaster event was carried out by observation and interviews on village officials and residents of Kedondong village, Sidoarjo regency. The results of this study residents who previously experienced an anxiety due to the tornado disaster are now gradually improving after being given the application of Psychological First Aid (PFA).

Cutaneous Disorders Due to Exposures to Marine Life: A Simple Review

Exposure to aquatic organisms includes a variety of clinical situations. Skin damage after exposure to the marine environment includes bacterial and fungal infections as well as damage caused by aquatic plants and protists. Aquatic skin diseases are various skin diseases found among swimmers, divers, fishermen and tourists participating in water activities. Some conditions are particularly relevant to fresh or salt water, while other conditions may occur in both environments at the same time. Injuries can be divided into several general categories. There may also be overlapping, non-infected mechanical damage, infection after mechanical damage, and mechanical damage accompanied by inoculation of poisons or substances with sensitizing properties. The clinical manifestations of skin diseases generally include erythema, blisters, urticaria, edema, scars, pigment changes and paresthesias. General management is achieved through the application of first aid as well as diagnostic imaging and tetanus prevention.

Knowledge of Rabies among Dog Bite Victims in Srinagar, Kashmir

Introduction: In Asia, rabies features a long history geological dating back to antiquity. For millennia, the disease had been thought-about an endemic for its prevalence. Rabies could be a serious public health concern, notably in Asia and the African continent. Methods: The present study was carried in Srinagar district. Regarding the knowledge of people, the interview schedule was formulated. As per Srinagar Municipal Corporation (SMC), the city is divided into two divisions; four zones and 34 wards. To exploit the diversity of population response, all the four zones were considered for the present investigation. Results: Regarding the knowledge of the disease rabies only a few, 15 % knew its transmission method. Only 15% knew about the identification of rabid dog and they also knew about its signs and symptoms. Following a suspect bite majority, 52.50% claimed they would seek medical care after the bite. About 100 % were aware they would go to the hospital after the bite. Only a few, 20% knew about the application of first aid before reaching the hospital. Conclusion: The study showed that victims lacked a complete perception of rabies. Factors influencing little awareness included lower socioeconomic rank and education suggesting that the maximum menace of rabies is probable to fall on the susceptible sectors of society, particularly poor members with slight or no proper education. The lack of inclusive awareness might interpret into elevated mortality allied to rabies. There is a need for sensitization of people so that their information can be improved and their optimistic attitude could be translated into apt practices for prevention/control of rabies.

Safety Measures and First Aid Educational Program among Sports School Students and their Staff regarding Sports Injuries

Background: Injuries during sports and physical activities are a problem of public healthespecially for children and adolescents. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of safety measuresand first aid educational program among sports school students and their staff regarding sportsinjuries. Research design: Quasi experimental design was used in carrying out this study. Setting:The study was conducted at Benha Secondary Sporting School. The sample: Convenient samplewas used for the 1st and 2nd grade of secondary students (120) and all the staff (10). Three toolswere used I): A structured interviewing questionnaire which consists of three parts to assess, 1: AStudents' demographic data. B-History of students` sports injuries. C-Staff - demographic data. DHistory of sports injuries for staff 2: Students' and staff' knowledge about sporting injuries. 3:Students' and staff' reported practices regarding application of first aid for sports injuries II):Observational check list to assess the environment of school. III): Observational check list to assessthe practice of the staff and students regarding the application of injury safety measures during theirpractice. Results: 50% of students aged from 14 years and less than 16 years, and 50% of staffaged from 35 years to less than 45 years, 8.3% of the students had good knowledge regarding sportsinjury preprogram, however increased in post program to 65%, while 50% of the staff had goodknowledge regarding sports injury preprogram, and increased in post program to 80%. Also 26.7%of students had satisfactory total practice scores preprogram, this percentage increased to 75% inpost program. Moreover 60% of staff had satisfactory total practice scores preprogram, thispercentage increased to 90% in post program Conclusion: There was a highly statisticallysignificant positive correlation between students' and staff' total knowledge and total practices posteducational program. Recommendations: Periodical safety measures and first aid trainingprograms should be implemented for students and staff to improve their knowledge and practicesregarding sports injuries.

Psicología de la emergencia en contexto de pandemia: aportes y herramientas para la intervención psicológica

La propagación del virus SARS-CoV-2 en el mundo y la declaración de pandemia por parte de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS, 2020a) requirió la implementación de cuarentenas preventivas y restricciones a las libertades de las personas, transformándose un factor de riesgo para la salud mental de las personas. Así, adquiere importancia la Psicología de la Emergencia, como un campo del saber especializado en el estudio del comportamiento humano frente a eventos potencialmente traumáticos, en los que se ven desbordados los recursos personales y capacidades de afrontamiento disponibles en el entorno próximo. Este artículo describe la gestión del riesgo de desastres, señalando la organización de la respuesta frente a estos eventos. Además, aporta recomendaciones para la aplicación de los Primeros Auxilios Psicológicos y la intervención telepsicológica en contexto de pandemia, destacando el apoyo social y la promoción de comunidades resilientes, como estrategias de afrontamiento eficaces ante emergencias y desastres.

The assessment and management of thermal burn injuries in a UK ambulance service: a clinical audit.

Background:Although burn emergencies are infrequently encountered, the ambulance service is often the first point of contact for patients in these situations. It is therefore important that these potentially devastating injuries are managed in accordance with the evidence base. Appropriate assessment and management of these patients in the pre-hospital phase will have a significant impact upon their long-term outcomes, such as scarring cosmesis and functionality.Aim and objectives:This audit was conducted to determine if patients presenting to one UK ambulance service with thermal burn injuries were managed safely, effectively and in a timely manner. Areas highlighted for improvement will assist in directing future pre-hospital research and educational requirements. Epidemiological data will also be provided.Results:278 thermal burn incidents occurring from June 2017 to May 2018 (inclusive) were included in this audit. A larger proportion of burn patients were paediatrics who fell into the 0–10 age category, most burn patients were injured at a home address and only nine of the overall sample were major burns. Only 35% of patients received adequate cooling of their burns, an essential first aid intervention. The assessment of pain (87%) and provision of analgesia (75%) showed a higher compliance rate. However, only 54% had pain reassessed after analgesia. There was a near 100% compliance rate for patients being managed without hydrogel dressings and topical medicines.Conclusion:The results indicate several areas for improvement within the ambulance trust. Of importance is the application of basic first aid, such as cooling. It is important not only to improve education among staff but also to understand non-compliance. It should be acknowledged that assessment of pain and provision of analgesia demonstrated far higher compliance compared to current pre-hospital evidence. Several points for education and research have been identified.

Formación Docente de Educación Inicial en la Atención de Primeros Auxilios

La ausencia de conocimiento y el efecto emocional que se puede manifestar al momento de encontrarse inmerso en situaciones de riesgo que amerite la aplicación de los primeros auxilios en un momento dado puede generar problemas en las instituciones educativas, en especial en los Centros de Educación inicial. Por ello, el articulo presentado se elaboró con intención de mostrar los avances investigativos, teniendo como propósito general de implementar experiencias formativas en primeros auxilios para los docentes de educación inicial, específicamente en el Centro de Educación Inicial estado Guárico, parroquia Barinas del municipio Barinas estado Barinas, enmarcado en el enfoque socio crítico y el método la investigación acción participante, tomándose como informantes a doce (12) docentes y un (01) coordinador pedagógico del mencionando Centro Educativo, los cuales se seleccionaron porque pertenecen al mismo contexto de estudio. Entre los hallazgos de la investigación destacan un cambio de actitudes de los profesionales educativos hacia la formación, el cual no genera recarga de actividades, sino la utilización de espacios formales y no formales dentro de la institución. Además, se logró la participación activa de los educadores en el desarrollo de las experiencias.

Knowledge, attitude, and belief regarding burn first aid among caregivers attending pediatric emergency medicine departments

Background and objectivesEmergency departments witness many cases of burns that can be prevented with various first-aid measures. Immediate and effective burn first aid reduces morbidity and determines the outcome. Thus, it is imperative that measures of primary burn prevention and first-aid knowledge be improved. This descriptive study determines the current level of knowledge, attitude, and belief regarding burn first aid among caregivers. Materials and methodsCaregivers attending four pediatric emergency departments answered a structured questionnaire for demographic information, knowledge, and the burn first aid they provide including two case scenarios. Applying cold water for 15–20min, smothering burning clothes, and covering the pot of oil on fire with a wet cloth were considered appropriate responses. The main outcome measure was the proportion of caregivers who were aware of burn first aid and did not use inappropriate remedies. Additional questions regarding the best means of educating the public on burn first aid were included. Individual chi-squared tests and univariate logistic regressions were performed to correlate knowledge with demographic features, history of burns, and first-aid training. ResultsThe 408 interviewed caregivers (55% women) reflected a wide range of age, occupation, and educational level. Sixty percent (60%) of respondents had a large family, with 52% reporting a history of burns. Overall, 41% treated burns with cool or cold water, although 97% had inappropriate or no knowledge of the duration. Further, 32% treated burns with nonscientific remedies alone or in combination, including honey, egg white, toothpaste, white flour, tomato paste, yogurt, tea, sliced potato, butter, or ice. Only 15% had first-aid training. While 65% of caregivers covered a pot of oil on fire with a wet cloth, only 24% reported smothering burning clothes. Participants preferred learning more of first aid for burns via social media (41%), hospital visits (30%), and television (TV) (16%). No significant correlation was found between age, family size, language, history of burns, or training and knowledge; however, female gender and higher educational level were associated with increased awareness, although this was not statistically significant (p=0.05 and p=0.17, respectively). The logistic regression accounting for all significant variables showed that the history of burns had the greatest effect on knowledge of first aid (p<0.03). ConclusionKnowledge of burn first aid among caregivers is limited, with many resorting to non-scientific remedies. Use of social media, hospital visits, and TV for first-aid education might improve caregivers’ awareness. A nationwide educational program emphasizing first-aid application of only cold water and reduced use of inappropriate home remedies for burns is recommended.

Water First Aid Is Beneficial In Humans Post-Burn: Evidence from a Bi-National Cohort Study.

IntroductionReported first aid application, frequency and practices around the world vary greatly. Based primarily on animal and observational studies, first aid after a burn injury is considered to be integral in reducing scar and infection, and the need for surgery. The current recommendation for optimum first aid after burn is water cooling for 20 minutes within three hours. However, compliance with this guideline is reported as poor to moderate at best and evidence exists to suggest that overcooling can be detrimental. This prospective cohort study of a bi-national burn patient registry examined data collected between 2009 and 2012. The aim of the study was to quantify the magnitude of effects of water cooling first aid after burn on indicators of burn severity in a large human cohort.MethodThe data for the analysis was provided by the Burn Registry of Australia and New Zealand (BRANZ). The application of first aid cooling prior to admission to a dedicated burn service, was analysed for its influence on four outcomes related to injury severity. The patient related outcomes were whether graft surgery occurred, and death while the health system (cost) outcomes included total hospital length of stay and admission to ICU. Robust regression analysis using bootstrapped estimation adjusted using a propensity score was used to control for confounding and to estimate the strength of association with first aid. Dose-response relationships were examined to determine associations with duration of first aid. The influence of covariates on the impact of first aid was assessed.ResultsCooling was provided before Burn Centre admission for 68% of patients, with at least twenty minutes duration for 46%. The results indicated a reduction in burn injury severity associated with first aid. Patients probability for graft surgery fell by 0.070 from 0.537 (13% reduction) (p = 0.014). The probability for ICU admission fell by 0.084 from 0.175 (48% reduction) (p<0.001) and hospital length of stay (LOS) fell by 2.27 days from 12.9 days (18% reduction) (p = 0.001). All outcomes except death showed a dose-response relationship with the duration of first aid. The size of burn and age interacted with many of the relationships between first aid and outcome and these are described and discussed.Discussion & ConclusionThis study suggests that there are significant patient and health system benefits from cooling water first aid, particularly if applied for up to 20 minutes. The results of this study estimate the effect size of post-burn first aid and confirm that efforts to promote first aid knowledge are not only warranted, but provide potential cost savings.

Hot Beverage Scalds in Australian Children

The objectives of this study are to describe the proportion, mechanism, severity, and outcomes of hot beverage scald injuries in children presenting at a major burns centre in 2013 and to compare these results with data collected at the same centre 10 years before. A cross-sectional trend analysis was performed to determine the differences in proportion, mechanism, severity, and outcomes of hot beverage scalds in 0-year to 14-year old children presenting to the Stuart Pegg Paediatric Burns Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia, between January 1 and December 31, 2013 and compare these data to presentations at the same burns centre between 1999 and 2002. Of the 759 children treated for burns and scald injuries at Stuart Pegg Paediatric Burns Centre in 2013, 133 (18%) were caused by hot beverages. Although there has been no change in the proportion, injury mechanism or age groups affected in the past 10 years, there has been a significant change in the number of children being admitted to hospital (52% vs 11% in 2013, P < .001), requiring split skin grafts (18% vs 5% in 2013, P < .05), and long-term scar management (26% vs 11% in 2013, P < .05). The decrease in admissions, skin grafts, and scar management requirements can be attributed to several factors; moving from silver sulfadiazine to silver-impregnated dressings at SPBBC from 2003, changes in excision and skin grafting practices, modified referral patterns, a move to non-inpatient care for minor burns, and the increased application of first aid. However, what has not changed is hot beverage scalds remain the leading cause of childhood burns making it a major pediatric public health issue.

First-aid Home Treatment of Burns Among Children and Some Implications at Milas, Turkey

This descriptive study was conducted among 130 families in Milas, Turkey, who have children ages 0 to 14 years. Among the 130 families, a total of 53 children (40.8%) experienced a burn event. Twenty-seven subjects (51%) had treated the burn with inappropriate remedies including yogurt, toothpaste, tomato paste, ice, raw egg whites, or sliced potato. Of the 28 subjects (52.8%) who had applied cold water to the burn site, 21 patients (39.6%) applied only cold water and 7 patients (13.2%) used another substance along with cold water. In addition, 13 subjects (24.5%) applied ice directly on the skin at the time of the burn. Excluding the subjects who had treated their burns with only cold water or with only ice, raw egg whites were the most commonly used agent, both alone (n = 3) or accompanied by cold water or ice (n = 6) in a total of 11 subjects (21%) who applied eggs. Based on these observations, it is suggested that educational programs emphasizing first-aid application of only cold water to burn injuries would be helpful in reducing morbidity and mortality rates. A nationwide educational program is needed to ensure that young burn victims receive appropriate first aid and to reduce the use of inappropriate home remedies and burn morbidity.

Snake bite in Australia: first aid and envenomation management

Australia is inhabited by a large variety of snakes, including some of the most poisonous in the world. Sightings are regular, and the incidence of snake bite is estimated to be several thousand a year. A bite does not necessarily result in envenomation occurring, however there are at least 300 snakebites a year requiring treatment of envenomation, with between 1 and 4 fatalities every year. The incidence of fatalities from snake bite has increased over recent years. The explanation for this is unclear, but possible reasons include the urban sprawl, and a delay in application of appropriate first aid and definitive treatment for envenomation. Emergency nurses in particular should be aware of the first aid techniques appropriate for Australian snake bite, as well as the recognition and management of envenomation. This article will outline the steps required and rationale for applying first aid techniques considered to be effective in retarding spread and circulation of snake venom. It will also discuss the manifestations that indicate systemic envenomation, and management considered to be responsible for reducing the incidence of death from snake envenomation in Australia.

Safety and first aid behavioral intentions of supervised and unsupervised third grade students.

This study assessed the safety and first aid behavioral intentions of 285 third grade students. Of the participants, 19% were left at home unsupervised by someone older than age 12 at least three days a week. Students responded to a survey instrument that described situations related to stranger safety, fire safety, accident prevention, and first aid. Stranger safety items received the most correct responses, with females scoring significantly higher than males. Most responses to fire safety items were inappropriate, and 40% of accident prevention items received a dangerous response most frequently. First aid items received more dangerous responses than appropriate ones. Supervised students scored significantly higher than unsupervised students in accident prevention and first aid. Results indicated students' behavioral intentions often were dangerous for situations requiring judgments about safety or application of first aid.